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Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur... Nov 2016Within the group of cicatricial alopecias, Kossard first described frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) in 1994 as a variant of lichen planopilaris (LPP). This... (Review)
Review
Within the group of cicatricial alopecias, Kossard first described frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) in 1994 as a variant of lichen planopilaris (LPP). This classification is based on the histopathological findings of FFA and LPP, which are identical and therefore not separable. The clinical picture of FFA, however, is very characteristic and marked by regionally distinct structures of the skin. Typically, postmenopausal women present with a band-shaped atrophy that is several centimeters wide located in the frontotemporal area. Adjacent to the hairline, perifollicular erythema and papules can be found. In the majority of patients there is a loss of the eyebrows. Circumscribed alopecia and perifollicular papules occur only rarely on the extremities or the trunk. Etiology and pathogenesis of FFA are unclear. Hormone-related involutionary phenomena of the follicle, genetic factors, disruption of lipid homeostasis, and in accordance with the lichen planus associated T‑cell cytotoxic autoimmune response are discussed. Treatment of FFA is difficult. Atrophy cannot be influenced by the currently available treatment options. With regard to the follicular inflammation, topical steroids and systemic hydroxychloroquine, antiandrogens, and tetracyclines are mainly used on a topical basis.
Topics: Alopecia; Diagnosis, Differential; Evidence-Based Medicine; Fibrosis; Forehead; Humans; Lichen Planus; Skin
PubMed: 27538878
DOI: 10.1007/s00105-016-3855-6 -
International Journal of Dermatology Feb 2018
Topics: Alopecia; Female; Humans; Traction; Young Adult
PubMed: 29265342
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13846 -
Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs Mar 2019Alopecia is a very common complaint in medical practice, which usually has a large psychological impact in patients. Treatment of alopecia is often difficult and... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Alopecia is a very common complaint in medical practice, which usually has a large psychological impact in patients. Treatment of alopecia is often difficult and frustrating for patients and clinicians owing to the slow growth rate of the hair, long treatment terms, limited efficacy, and possible adverse side effects.
AREAS COVERED
This paper reviews the new and emerging treatments for two of the most common forms of alopecia, known as androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata. A literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE and ClinicalTrial.gov was performed to gather information about active research on new treatments for alopecias. Websites of companies sponsoring clinical trials were also searched for interim result data.
EXPERT OPINION
Many new therapies in two of the most common forms of hair loss have been developed and are currently being studied with encouraging results. In alopecia areata, JAK inhibitors are promising. The discovery of JAK inhibitors has prompted the research and identification of new molecules. In androgenetic alopecia, we are still looking for a topical treatment that is superior to topical minoxidil. However, stem-cell research is advancing and the goal to create new follicles or refresh dormant follicles may be realized in the near future.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Alopecia; Alopecia Areata; Animals; Drug Development; Drugs, Investigational; Hair; Hair Follicle; Humans; Janus Kinase Inhibitors
PubMed: 30642204
DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1568989 -
Australian Family Physician Apr 2016Male baldness is very common. Its effect on individuals is extremely variable, and in some people it will have a significant adverse effect on their quality of life.
BACKGROUND
Male baldness is very common. Its effect on individuals is extremely variable, and in some people it will have a significant adverse effect on their quality of life.
OBJECTIVE
The objectives of this article are to help general practitioners (GPs) be aware of potential health problems related to male baldness, to have an approach to assessing hair loss and to be aware of treatment options.
DISCUSSION
Male baldness is, most often, a normal occurrence, but it may have significant effects on a man's health. It may also be a pointer to other potential health issues. The GP is in the ideal position to conduct an initial evaluation, consider other health issues and advise on treatment options.
Topics: Alopecia; General Practice; Health Status; Humans; Male
PubMed: 27052131
DOI: No ID Found -
Skin Therapy Letter Jul 2016Frontal fibrosing alopecia, described just over 20 years ago, has become one of the most frequently seen causes of scarring alopecia at many specialist hair clinics....
Frontal fibrosing alopecia, described just over 20 years ago, has become one of the most frequently seen causes of scarring alopecia at many specialist hair clinics. Considered a clinical variant of lichen planopilaris (LPP), it has distinctive features and associations which distinguish it from LPP. Although largely affecting postmenopausal women, a small but increasing number of men and premenopausal women are affected. The spectrum of the disease has expanded from involvement of the frontal hairline and eyebrows, to potentially affecting the entire hairline, facial and body hair. Genetic and environmental factors have been implicated but the aetiology remains uncertain. A range of treatments have been used in management of the condition, but clinical trials are required to establish effectiveness.
Topics: Alopecia; Environment; Female; Fibrosis; Humans; Lichen Planus; Male
PubMed: 27388531
DOI: No ID Found -
Veterinary Pathology Nov 2023Noninflammatory alopecia is common in dogs and is a frequent cause to consult a veterinarian. It is also a common reason to take biopsies. Noninflammatory alopecia can... (Review)
Review
Noninflammatory alopecia is common in dogs and is a frequent cause to consult a veterinarian. It is also a common reason to take biopsies. Noninflammatory alopecia can be attributed to a decreased formation or cytodifferentiation of the hair follicle or the hair shaft , resulting in congenital alopecia. Congenital alopecia often has a hereditary cause, and examples of such disorders are ectodermal dysplasias associated with gene variants of the gene. Noninflammatory alopecia may also be caused by impaired postnatal regeneration of hair follicles or shafts. Such disorders may have a clear breed predilection, and alopecia starts early in life. A hereditary background is suspected in those cases but has not been proven. They are referred to as follicular dysplasia although some of these disorders present histologically like a hair cycle disturbance. Late-onset alopecia is usually acquired and may be associated with endocrinopathies. Other possible causes are impaired vascular perfusion or stress. As the hair follicle has limited possible responses to altered regulation, and histopathology may change during the course of a disease, a detailed clinical history, thorough clinical examination including blood work, appropriate biopsy site selection, and detailed histological findings need to be combined to achieve a final diagnosis. This review aims to provide an overview about the known noninflammatory alopecic disorders in dogs. As the pathogenesis of most disorders is unknown, some statements are based on comparative aspects or reflect the authors' opinion.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Alopecia; Hair; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked; Hair Follicle; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 37191329
DOI: 10.1177/03009858231170295 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Apr 2020Alopecia totalis (AT) and universalis (AU) represent the most severe subtypes of alopecia areata with more dramatic features and worse prognosis. The goal of this review... (Review)
Review
Alopecia totalis (AT) and universalis (AU) represent the most severe subtypes of alopecia areata with more dramatic features and worse prognosis. The goal of this review is to identify all studies with long-term prognostic data on patients with AT and AU and provide a long-term outcome estimate. The PubMed database was queried to identify all articles discussing the long-term prognosis of AT and AU. A total of nine articles discussing long-term recovery rates of AT and AU were identified. The articles described 689 (162 = AT, 245 = AU, 282 = not specified) total patients. Six of the nine studies identified complete recovery as a potential end point in a total of 375 (39 = AT, 75 = AU, 261 = not specified) patients. According to these studies 8.5% (32/375) of AT and AU patients achieved complete recovery. A larger proportion of patients will obtain at least transient recovery periods of partial or total hair regrowth. The poor long-term outcomes of AT and AU may cause patients to lose hope with treatment. Response to treatment is often unpredictable, and physicians should be aware of the prognosis and its effects in order to properly counsel patients.
Topics: Alopecia; Hair; Humans; Prognosis
PubMed: 31593606
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15994 -
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering May 2023Pathological hair loss (also known as alopecia) and shortage of hair follicle (HF) donors have posed an urgent requirement for HF regeneration. With the revelation of... (Review)
Review
Pathological hair loss (also known as alopecia) and shortage of hair follicle (HF) donors have posed an urgent requirement for HF regeneration. With the revelation of mechanisms in tissue engineering, the proliferation of HFs in vitro has achieved more promising trust for the treatments of alopecia and other skin impairments. Theoretically, HF organoids have great potential to develop into native HFs and attachments such as sweat glands after transplantation. However, since the rich extracellular matrix (ECM) deficiency, the induction characteristics of skin-derived cells gradually fade away along with their trichogenic capacity after continuous cell passaging in vitro. Therefore, ECM-mimicking support is an essential prelude before HF transplantation is implemented. This review summarizes the status of providing various epidermal and dermal cells with a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold to support the cell homeostasis and better mimic in vivo environments for the sake of HF regeneration. HF-relevant cells including dermal papilla cells (DPCs), hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to be induced to form HF organoids in the vitro culture system. The niche microenvironment simulated by different forms of biomaterial scaffold can offer the cells a network of ordered growth environment to alleviate inductivity loss and promote the expression of functional proteins. The scaffolds often play the role of ECM substrates and bring about epithelial-mesenchymal interaction (EMI) through coculture to ensure the functional preservation of HF cells during in vitro passage. Functional HF organoids can be formed either before or after transplantation into the dermis layer. Here, we review and emphasize the importance of 3D culture in HF regeneration in vitro. Finally, the latest progress in treatment trials and critical analysis of the properties and benefits of different emerging biomaterials for HF regeneration along with the main challenges and prospects of HF regenerative approaches are discussed.
Topics: Humans; Hair Follicle; Dermis; Regeneration; Alopecia; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 37036820
DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00028 -
The Journal of Family Practice Mar 2022This patient's nonadherence to treatment and lack of precautionary steps exacerbated this condition.
This patient's nonadherence to treatment and lack of precautionary steps exacerbated this condition.
Topics: Alopecia; Cicatrix; Exanthema; Humans
PubMed: 35507810
DOI: 10.12788/jfp.0366 -
Dermatologic Surgery : Official... Nov 2021
Topics: Alopecia; Humans; Male
PubMed: 34608090
DOI: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000003201