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Experimental Dermatology Mar 2020
Topics: Alopecia Areata; Autophagy; Biomedical Research; Dermatology; Hair; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Inflammation; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 32103561
DOI: 10.1111/exd.14078 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Dermatitis, Atopic; Alopecia Areata; Mendelian Randomization Analysis
PubMed: 37207955
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.05.023 -
The Journal of Investigative... Jan 2018In the absence of an approved treatment by the US Food and Drug Administration, choosing one of the many off-label treatments available for a child, teen, or adult with... (Review)
Review
In the absence of an approved treatment by the US Food and Drug Administration, choosing one of the many off-label treatments available for a child, teen, or adult with alopecia areata (AA) can be challenging. The physician or midlevel provider treating a patient with AA needs to take into consideration the age of the patient, location of hair loss, disease extent and activity, and any ongoing medical or psychological issues. Many patients and their families have now also heard the "buzz" about evolving research, particularly with JAK inhibitors, for the treatment of AA. This means that today's clinic visit with the AA patient should include not only a discussion about traditionally used off-label treatments but also evolving therapies and clinical research opportunities.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Alopecia Areata; Child; Humans; Immunotherapy; Janus Kinase Inhibitors; Off-Label Use; Research
PubMed: 29273111
DOI: 10.1016/j.jisp.2017.10.015 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2022Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease that targets the hair follicles (HF) and results in non-scarring hair loss. AA results from the collapse of the HF's immune...
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease that targets the hair follicles (HF) and results in non-scarring hair loss. AA results from the collapse of the HF's immune privilege due to a combination of environmental and genetic factors that either change the local HF dynamics or dysregulate the central immune tolerance. Multiple genetic studies have attempted to identify AA susceptibility genes through candidate gene approaches and genome-wide analysis. These studies were able to show an association between AA and multiple immune-related genes such as those encoding cytokines, chemokines, molecules involved in regulatory T-cell functions, and adaptor molecules along with genes involved in autophagy, melanogenesis, and hair cycling pathways. This chapter aims to explore these genes and their contribution to the pathogenesis of the AA.
Topics: Alopecia Areata; Autoimmune Diseases; Chemokines; Hair Follicle; Humans; Immunogenetics
PubMed: 35286691
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_2 -
Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs Dec 2014Alopecia is a common concern encountered in the medical practice. Treatment approach varies according to the type and severity of alopecia. However, available treatment... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Alopecia is a common concern encountered in the medical practice. Treatment approach varies according to the type and severity of alopecia. However, available treatment options have limited efficacy and several adverse effects. Presently, there are different treatment options being studied to overcome these limitations. Additionally, cellular pathways involved in the pathophysiology of alopecia are further being clarified to potentially target pathogenic molecules.
AREAS COVERED
We searched the literature for recently published articles discussing new treatment options as well as mechanisms involved in alopecia. We discuss the use of stem cells, growth factors, cellular pathways and robotic hair transplant, among other emerging therapies used for alopecia.
EXPERT OPINION
Future looks very promising and new effective treatments such as janus kinase inhibitors could possibly be available for alopecia areata. The stem-cell technology is advancing and companies involved in hair follicle neogenesis are starting clinical trials on patients with androgenetic alopecia.
Topics: Alopecia; Alopecia Areata; Animals; Hair; Hair Follicle; Humans; Janus Kinases; Stem Cell Transplantation
PubMed: 25330928
DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2014.974550 -
FP Essentials Jun 2022Alopecia affects men and women and can result in significant distress for patients. Alopecias can be categorized as nonscarring or scarring. Nonscarring alopecias...
Alopecia affects men and women and can result in significant distress for patients. Alopecias can be categorized as nonscarring or scarring. Nonscarring alopecias include male and female pattern alopecias, alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, traction alopecia, trichotillomania, and tinea capitis. Scarring alopecias include central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, lichen planopilaris, frontal fibrosing alopecia, discoid lupus erythematosus, dissecting cellulitis of the scalp, folliculitis decalvans, and acne keloidalis nuchae. Evaluation of patients with alopecia involves assessment of the duration and distribution of hair loss, associated scalp symptoms, and associated conditions. Clinical examination of the hair and scalp may include a hair pull test, tug test, hair mount (ie, trichogram), dermoscopy, laboratory tests, and/or scalp biopsy, depending on the suspected etiology. Hair regrowth cannot occur in established lesions of scarring alopecia, so early identification and prompt initiation of treatment are critical in these cases. Patients with suspected or confirmed alopecias, alopecia areata, or alopecias refractory to treatment may benefit from referral to a dermatologist.
Topics: Alopecia Areata; Cicatrix; Female; Hair; Humans; Lichen Planus; Male
PubMed: 35679467
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Rheumatic... Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Alopecia Areata
PubMed: 37807618
DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.14815 -
The British Journal of Dermatology Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Alopecia Areata; Comorbidity; Germany
PubMed: 38366836
DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljae027 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Apr 2022Emerging literature evidence shows that the manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, encompass alterations... (Review)
Review
Emerging literature evidence shows that the manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, encompass alterations of the pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and neurological system. Moreover, hematologic and dermatologic manifestations have been documented. The aim of this review is to summarize the dermatologic manifestations of COVID-19 involving the hair and nails in a narrative way. A total of 1136 patients have been reported to have de novo hair loss following COVID-19. Notably, 958 patients experienced telogen effluvium (TE) (female/male ratio = 3,86:1), two female patients experienced anagen effluvium, and 176 people had alopecia areata (female/male ratio of 19:3). Ten patients were reported to have ungual changes following the infection with the novel coronavirus: The individuals affected were 6 women and 4 men. COVID-19 can be associated with hair and ungual manifestations. This review summarizes the evidence regarding the hair and ungual manifestations of COVID-19, which could be harnessed to better understand the clinical implications and pathophysiology of this disease that has been burdening society globally since December 2019.
Topics: Alopecia; Alopecia Areata; COVID-19; Female; Hair; Humans; Male; Nails; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35032337
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14774 -
Experimental Dermatology Mar 2020A 3500-year-old papyrus from ancient Egypt provides a list of treatments for many diseases including "bite hair loss," most likely alopecia areata (AA). The treatment of... (Review)
Review
A 3500-year-old papyrus from ancient Egypt provides a list of treatments for many diseases including "bite hair loss," most likely alopecia areata (AA). The treatment of AA remained largely unchanged for over 1500 years. In 30 CE, Celsus described AA presenting as scalp alopecia in spots or the "windings of a snake" and suggested treatment with caustic compounds and scarification. The first "modern" description of AA came in 1813, though treatment still largely employed caustic agents. From the mid-19th century onwards, various hypotheses of AA development were put forward including infectious microbes (1843), nerve defects (1858), physical trauma and psychological stress (1881), focal inflammation (1891), diseased teeth (1902), toxins (1912) and endocrine disorders (1913). The 1950s brought new treatment developments with the first use of corticosteroid compounds (1952), and the first suggestion that AA was an autoimmune disease (1958). Research progressively shifted towards identifying hair follicle-specific autoantibodies (1995). The potential role of lymphocytes in AA was made implicit with immunohistological studies (1980s). However, studies confirming their functional role were not published until the development of rodent models (1990s). Genetic studies, particularly genome-wide association studies, have now come to the forefront and open up a new era of AA investigation (2000s). Today, AA research is actively focused on genetics, the microbiome, dietary modulators, the role of atopy, immune cell types in AA pathogenesis, primary antigenic targets, mechanisms by which immune cells influence hair growth, and of course the development of new treatments based on these discoveries.
Topics: Alopecia Areata; Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Dermatology; Disease Models, Animal; Egypt; Hair; Hair Follicle; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, Ancient; Humans; Lymphocytes; Models, Biological
PubMed: 31960494
DOI: 10.1111/exd.14073