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Archives of Razi Institute Feb 2022Aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles have been employed in many industries, which are widely abundant in many aspects of human life. The role of the aluminum hydroxide...
Aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles have been employed in many industries, which are widely abundant in many aspects of human life. The role of the aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles adjuvant is to enhance the immune response. However, the impact of nanoparticles exposure has not been perfectly investigated yet. Accordingly, some questions have been raised about their potentially harmful effects, based on which the current research aims to answer them. This study aimed to investigate the histological effects of aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles and bulk-aluminum hydroxide (bulk Al[OH]) on the liver, lung, heart, and kidney tissues. For this reason, an experiment was implemented on the aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles adjuvant in five neonatal mice. Intramuscularly, the mice were injected with 0.125 mL of adjuvanted vaccine, while five neonatal mice were injected with bulk and nanoparticles of Al (OH) and then sacrificed after one and two months, respectively. Vaccines were controlled by evaluating the histopathological response in neonatal mice. Subsequently, the pathological effect of both adjuvants was surveyed using the histological study of the lung, liver, heart, and kidney of the animals. The obtained recorded data indicated that both types of vaccine adjuvants caused pathological lesions on the histology sections of the liver, lung, heart, and kidney tissues. Moreover, bulk Al (OH) adjuvant vaccine was more effective and had a higher pathological response than aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles adjuvant vaccine. In addition, the total DNA content in both groups was estimated using Fluorometer from Promega. Compared to aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles groups, the tissues indicated a decrease in total DNA content obtained in bulk Al (OH) groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that the exposure to aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles would result in less pronounced toxicity, as well as systemic inflammation, compared to the bulk Al (OH) aluminum hydroxide.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Aluminum Hydroxide; Animals; Animals, Newborn; DNA; Mice; Nanoparticles; Vaccines
PubMed: 35891766
DOI: 10.22092/ARI.2021.356418.1839 -
Morphologie : Bulletin de L'Association... Jun 2016Aluminum oxyhydroxide (Alhydrogel(®)) is a nano-crystalline compound forming aggregates that has been introduced in vaccine for its immunologic adjuvant effect in 1926.... (Review)
Review
Aluminum oxyhydroxide (Alhydrogel(®)) is a nano-crystalline compound forming aggregates that has been introduced in vaccine for its immunologic adjuvant effect in 1926. It is the most commonly used adjuvant in human and veterinary vaccines but mechanisms by which it stimulates immune responses remain ill-defined. Although generally well tolerated on the short term, it has been suspected to occasionally cause delayed neurologic problems in susceptible individuals. In particular, the long-term persistence of aluminic granuloma also termed macrophagic myofasciitis is associated with chronic arthromyalgias and fatigue and cognitive dysfunction. Safety concerns largely depend on the long biopersistence time inherent to this adjuvant, which may be related to its quick withdrawal from the interstitial fluid by avid cellular uptake; and the capacity of adjuvant particles to migrate and slowly accumulate in lymphoid organs and the brain, a phenomenon documented in animal models and resulting from MCP1/CCL2-dependant translocation of adjuvant-loaded monocyte-lineage cells (Trojan horse phenomenon). These novel insights strongly suggest that serious re-evaluation of long-term aluminum adjuvant phamacokinetics and safety should be carried out.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Aluminum Hydroxide; Animals; Brain; Chemokine CCL2; Cognition Disorders; Communicable Disease Control; Extracellular Fluid; Fasciitis; Fatigue; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Long Term Adverse Effects; Macrophages; Musculoskeletal Pain; Myositis; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Th2 Cells; Vaccines
PubMed: 26948677
DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2016.01.002 -
Macromolecular Rapid Communications Mar 2016Artificial special wetting surfaces have drawn much interest due to their important applications in many fields. Nevertheless, tremendous challenges still remain for the... (Review)
Review
Artificial special wetting surfaces have drawn much interest due to their important applications in many fields. Nevertheless, tremendous challenges still remain for the fabrication of wetting surfaces with durable and self-healing properties. Here, recent progress of durable, self-healing wetting surfaces is highlighted by discussing the fabrications of several typical wetting surfaces including superhydrophobic surfaces, superamphiphobic surfaces, underwater superoleophobic surfaces, and high hydrophilic antifouling surfaces based on expertise and related research experience. To conclude, some perspectives on the future research and development of these special wetting surfaces are presented.
Topics: Aluminum Hydroxide; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Nanostructures; Silanes; Silicon Dioxide; Static Electricity; Water; Wettability
PubMed: 26833559
DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500591 -
Archives of Razi Institute Dec 2023Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has a high prevalence in cloven-hoofed animals. It is also highly contagious and remains a serious threat to livestock worldwide. Despite... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has a high prevalence in cloven-hoofed animals. It is also highly contagious and remains a serious threat to livestock worldwide. Despite the widespread vaccination program in Iran, outbreaks of FMD continue to occur. Vaccination is one of the most effective methods of preventing FMD. The vaccines used in Iran are of the inactivated type and contain several serotypes. Since inactivated vaccines without adjuvants do not induce a high and durable antibody response, it is necessary to use adjuvants. Montanide ISA 206 VG is a mineral oil-based adjuvant that produces a water-in-oil-in-water (w:o:w) emulsion in vaccine preparations. However, a large number of manufacturers in Iran and around the world still use alum adjuvant (with or without saponin) to produce the FMD vaccine. This study used Montanide ISA 206 and alum adjuvants to administer the O2010 serotype of the FMD virus to goats. A total of six goats were divided randomly into three groups. Vaccines were administered subcutaneously twice, at a one-month interval. Blood sampling was done at different times, and the micro-neutralization method was used to measure the neutralizing antibody titer in each serum. Seven days after the second vaccination, the alum group's antibody titer was higher but not statistically significant. However, from the 28th day after the second injection until the end of the study, the Montanide ISA 206 group's antibody titer was significantly higher than that of the alum group. Six months after the second injection, the antibody titer in the ISA 206 group remained at the peak level, while in the alum group, it decreased and reached the minimum protective level. Nine months after the second injection, the antibody titer remained at its peak level in the ISA 206 group, whereas it dropped significantly in the alum group. Based on the findings, ISA 206 VG is capable of generating long-term humoral immunity in goats against the FMD serotype O2010 and could replace aluminum hydroxide adjuvants in FMD vaccine preparations.
Topics: Animals; Goats; Aluminum Hydroxide; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus; Goat Diseases; Foot-and-Mouth Disease; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Viral Vaccines; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; Iran; Oleic Acids; Mannitol
PubMed: 38828163
DOI: 10.32592/ARI.2023.78.6.1843 -
Journal of Environmental Sciences... Mar 2020A newly designed aluminum hydroxide gel-coated nanoscale zero-valent iron (AHG@NZVI) with enhanced activity and dispersibility of NZVI was successfully synthesized. The...
A newly designed aluminum hydroxide gel-coated nanoscale zero-valent iron (AHG@NZVI) with enhanced activity and dispersibility of NZVI was successfully synthesized. The AHG@NZVI composite was synthesized via control of the surface AHG content. AHG@NZVI-1, AHG@NZVI-2 and AHG@NZVI-3 were prepared under centrifugal mixing speeds of 1000, 2000 and 4000 r/min, respectively. The activity of AHG@NZVI was evaluated by its tetracycline (TC) removal efficiency. The effects of AHG content, pH value, reaction temperature, and presence of competitive anions on TC removal were investigated. TC could be removed by both adsorption and chemical reduction on AHG@NZVI-2 (centrifugal speed 2000 r/min) in a short time with high removal efficiency (≥98.1%) at the optimal conditions. Such excellent performance can be attributed to a synergistic interaction between aluminum hydroxide gel and NZVI: (1) AHG could enhance the stability and dispersity of NZVI; (2) aluminum hydroxide gel could absorb a certain amount of TC and Fe/Fe, which facilitated the mass transfer of TC onto the NZVI surface, resulting in acceleration of the reduction rate of TC by the AHG@NZVI composite; and (3) AHG-Fe/Fe could absorb a certain amount of TC by flocculation. The kinetics of TC removal by AHG@NZVI composite was found to follow a two-parameter pseudo-first-order model. The presence of competitive anions slightly inhibited the activity of AHG@NZVI systems for TC removal. Overall, this study provides a promising alternative material and environmental pollution management option for antibiotic wastewater treatment.
Topics: Adsorption; Aluminum Hydroxide; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Flocculation; Iron; Tetracycline; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 31892391
DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.09.017 -
Drug Delivery and Translational Research Apr 2023Rasagiline has a certain potential in neuroprotection and delaying the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the poor pharmacokinetics (PK) characteristics...
Rasagiline has a certain potential in neuroprotection and delaying the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the poor pharmacokinetics (PK) characteristics of conventional oral tablets and poor medication compliance limit the optimal efficacy of rasagiline. Based on this, we designed and optimized a sustained-release rasagiline in situ gel based on in vitro release and in vivo PK results. Among them, we found for the first time that aluminum hydroxide can effectively shorten the lag phase and promote early and late release, making the daily release more uniform. After subcutaneous administration of the optimized gel formulation at a monthly dose, the C (64 ng/ml) was lower than that of free rasagiline (494 ng/ml) administered subcutaneously at a daily dose and comparable to that of oral administration of Azilect (59.1 ng/ml) at a daily dose. In the meantime, the plasma concentration of rasagiline was mainly maintained at 5-10 ng/ml for about 1 month, and the active metabolite 1-aminoindane in plasma was also able to maintain a steady state. The rasagiline in situ gel has suitable viscosity and injectability, good repeatability of subcutaneous injection, and controllable impurities and can achieve sustained release in vivo with small burst release, which may have the clinical application advantages of maximizing the disease-modifying effect of rasagiline and improving medication compliance. The rasagiline in situ gel was optimized through the feedback of in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK), in which the addition of aluminum hydroxide had a modulating effect on uniform release. The gel has low burst release and maintains steady-state blood drug concentration for about 1 month.
Topics: Humans; Aluminum Hydroxide; Parkinson Disease; Indans; Injections, Subcutaneous
PubMed: 36575353
DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01261-z -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Dec 2022Swine pasteurellosis is one of the most economically important diseases of pig caused by Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) capsular types A and D. These organisms are...
Swine pasteurellosis is one of the most economically important diseases of pig caused by Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) capsular types A and D. These organisms are commensals and opportunistic pathogens in the upper respiratory tract in pig. In the present study, we extracted whole outer membrane proteins (OMP) from P. multocida capsular types A and D and were mixed together in the ratio of 1:1 forming bivalent outer-membrane proteins. The bivalent OMP was adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles. The size of aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles adsorbed outer membrane protein was found to be in the range of 125 to 130 nm. We observed that aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles adjuvanted bivalent OMP-based vaccine elicited quicker immune kinetics in terms of IgG response as compared to aluminum hydroxide microparticles adjuvanted bivalent bacterin vaccine against P. multocida capsular type A and D.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Pasteurella multocida; Aluminum Hydroxide; Vaccines, Combined; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Pasteurella Infections; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 35922692
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00795-1 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Dec 2022Streptococcus parauberis, a gram-positive cocci, causes bacterial disease in farmed fish. The recent increase in S. parauberis infection in aquatic farms in South Korea...
Streptococcus parauberis, a gram-positive cocci, causes bacterial disease in farmed fish. The recent increase in S. parauberis infection in aquatic farms in South Korea has justified the importance of vaccine development for the prevention of this disease. In this study, we evaluated the effect of subunit vaccines prepared from recombinant M-like protein (SimA) and fibrinogen-binding protein (FBP) candidates with an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant against S. parauberis infection in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. For the in vivo experiment, fish (average length, 7.18 cm; average weight, 3.5 g) were injected intraperitoneally with: phosphate buffer saline (PBS, group 1), PBS/aluminum hydroxide (group 2), FBP/aluminum hydroxide (group 3), SimA/aluminum hydroxide (group 4), and SimA/FBP/aluminum hydroxide (group 5). After 3 weeks, the fish in each group were boosted using PBS (group 1 and 2), FBP (group 3), SimA (group 4), and SimA/FBP (group 5) without adjuvant. We found that the relative percent survival of fish after S. parauberis exposure in group 2, 3, 4, and 5 was 6.25%, 18.75%, 50%, and 12.5%, respectively, whereas the mortality in groups 1 was 80%, respectively. We performed Western blot, ELISA, and quantitative real time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) after vaccination to investigate the further efficacy of the vaccine. Western blot and ELISA of vaccinated fish serum confirmed the production of specific antibodies against SimA and FBP. Furthermore, results of qRT-PCR showed that recombinant protein SimA induced a remarkably specific-antibody response compared with that in FBP or control and increased the expression of various immune response-related genes including interleukin-8 (IL-8), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), CD4-1, and MHC II. Thus, these results indicate that SimA is a potent vaccine candidate for protection against S. parauberis infection.
Topics: Animals; Flounder; Aluminum Hydroxide; Fish Diseases; Streptococcal Infections; Vaccines, Subunit; Adjuvants, Immunologic
PubMed: 36257554
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.009 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Nov 2017Some insoluble aluminum salts are commonly used in injectable vaccines as adjuvants to accelerate, prolong, or enhance the antigen-specific immune responses. Data from...
Some insoluble aluminum salts are commonly used in injectable vaccines as adjuvants to accelerate, prolong, or enhance the antigen-specific immune responses. Data from previous studies testing the nasal mucosal vaccine adjuvant activity of aluminum salts are conflicting. The present study is designed to further assess the feasibility of using aluminum salts in injectable vaccines as nasal mucosal vaccine adjuvants. Using Alhydrogel®, the international scientific standard of aluminum (oxy)hydroxide gels, and ovalbumin or 3 × M2e-HA2, a synthetic influenza virus fusion protein, as antigens, we showed in a mouse model that when dosed intranasally Alhydrogel® enables antigens adsorbed on it to induce stronger antigen-specific immune responses in both serum samples (e.g., specific IgG) and nasal and lung mucosal secretions (i.e., specific IgA) in all immunized mice, as compared with nasal immunization with the antigens alone. Rerouting insoluble aluminum salts in injectable vaccines may represent a viable approach for (nasal) mucosal vaccine adjuvant discovery.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Administration, Intranasal; Adsorption; Aluminum Hydroxide; Animals; Antibody Formation; Antigens, Viral; Female; Immunity, Mucosal; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nasal Mucosa; Vaccination; Viral Fusion Proteins
PubMed: 28933668
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1365995 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Jul 2017Insoluble aluminum salts such as aluminum (oxy)hydroxide are commonly used as vaccine adjuvants. Recently, there is evidence suggesting that the adjuvant activity of...
Insoluble aluminum salts such as aluminum (oxy)hydroxide are commonly used as vaccine adjuvants. Recently, there is evidence suggesting that the adjuvant activity of aluminum salt-based materials is tightly related to their physicochemical properties, including nanometer-scale size, shape with long aspect ratio, and low degree of crystallinity. Herein, for the first time, the bicontinuous reverse microemulsion (RM) technique was utilized to synthesize stick-like monodisperse aluminum (oxy)hydroxide nanoparticles with a long aspect ratio of ∼10, length of ∼80 nm, and low degree of crystallinity (denoted as Al-nanosticks). Moreover, the relationship between the physicochemical properties of Al-nanosticks and the bicontinuous RM was discussed. Compared to the commercial Alhydrogel, which contains micrometer-scale aluminum oxyhydroxide particular aggregates with moderate degree of crystallinity, the Al-nanosticks are more effective in adsorbing and delivering antigens (e.g., ovalbumin, OVA) into antigen-presenting cells, activating inflammasomes, and potentiating OVA-specific antibody responses in a mouse model. It is concluded that the aluminum (oxy)hydroxide nanosticks synthesized in the bicontinuous RM are promising new aluminum salt-based vaccine adjuvants.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Aluminum Hydroxide; Animals; Humans; Mice; Ovalbumin; Vaccines
PubMed: 28621928
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03965