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Environmental Science and Pollution... Dec 2023The global "copper-poor and aluminum-rich" situation has made the possibility of "copper saving with aluminum" an important topic. This study established a framework for...
The global "copper-poor and aluminum-rich" situation has made the possibility of "copper saving with aluminum" an important topic. This study established a framework for analyzing multiple substances' coupled flows at the product level based on material flow analysis (MFA), and took the household air conditioning system of the Chinese mainland in 2020 as an example to characterize the coupled flows of aluminum and copper. The results showed that the system consumed 0.69 million tons of aluminum and 2.10 million tons of copper, and discharged 0.17 million tons of aluminum and 0.43 million tons of copper to the environment cumulatively to achieve 13.2 million terajoules of final heat exchanged and serve 1.24 billion square meters during lifetime in mainland China alone, secondary aluminum and copper accounted for only 22.61% and 24.83% of the total consumption, and the in-use stocks increased by 0.19 million tons of aluminum and 0.70 million tons of copper. The external dependency of copper ore was 92.83%, which was significantly higher than the 44.29% of bauxite. The comprehensive utilization efficiency of copper reached 77.88%, which was slightly higher than the 70.80% of aluminum. The conclusion indicates that under the premise of meeting use requirements, promoting "replacing copper with aluminum" can improve the stability and safety of China's material supply chain, but there is a need to further boost the production efficiency of aluminum in primary production.
Topics: Aluminum; Copper; Air Conditioning; China; Aluminum Oxide
PubMed: 37991616
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30861-6 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jun 2022The aim of this work is study of physical and chemical properties of dust of the Pre-Aral region of Uzbekistan such as Karakalpakstan and Khorezm that are located near...
The aim of this work is study of physical and chemical properties of dust of the Pre-Aral region of Uzbekistan such as Karakalpakstan and Khorezm that are located near the three deserts such as the Aralkum, Karakum, and Kyzylkum. The dust particles fell on glass have been collected in Karakalpakstan and Khorezm and studied systematically by employing wide range of methods. Particle volume vs size distribution has been measured with maximum around 600 nm and ~ 10 µm. The major and minor constituent materials present in the dust have been studied systematically by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Main characteristic absorption bands corresponding to Si-O, Si-O-Si bonding in quartz and Fe-O bonds in hematite FeO have been identified by infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Quartz, hematite, lime, corundum, magnesia, and several other trace minerals have been identified in the dust particles. X-ray diffraction peaks corresponding to quartz, hematite, and corundum are sharp and are found to be more crystalline with some level of disorder. Analysis of the particle size and crystallinity on human being has been performed: disordered or crystalline quartz can create the lung disease; the particles in the size of 0.5-0.7 µm may produce diseases such as chronic silicosis, silicosis, and silica tuberculosis whereas hematite might create lung disease. Dust particles worsen optical transmittance of glass of the panels.
Topics: Aluminum Oxide; Dust; Humans; Particle Size; Quartz; Silicosis; Uzbekistan
PubMed: 35084677
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18827-6 -
Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT Aug 2021Little is known about the uptake, biodistribution, and biological responses of nanoparticles (NPs) and their toxicity in developing animals. Here, male and female...
Biodistribution, cardiac and neurobehavioral assessments, and neurotransmitter quantification in juvenile rats following oral administration of aluminum oxide nanoparticles.
Little is known about the uptake, biodistribution, and biological responses of nanoparticles (NPs) and their toxicity in developing animals. Here, male and female juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats received four consecutive daily doses of 10 mg/kg Al O NP (diameter: 24 nm [transmission electron microscope], hydrodynamic diameter: 148 nm) or vehicle control (water) by gavage between postnatal days (PNDs) 17-20. Basic neurobehavioral and cardiac assessments were performed on PND 20. Animals were sacrificed on PND 21, and selected tissues were collected, weighed, and processed for histopathology or neurotransmitter analysis. The biodistribution of Al O NP in tissue sections of the intestine, liver, spleen, kidney, and lymph nodes were evaluated using enhanced dark-field microscopy (EDM) and hyperspectral imaging (HSI). Liver-to-body weight ratio was significantly increased for male pups administered Al O NP compared with control. HSI suggested that Al O NP was more abundant in the duodenum and ileum tissue of the female pups compared with the male pups, whereas the abundance of NP was similar for males and females in the other tissues. The abundance of NP was higher in the liver compared with spleen, lymph nodes, and kidney. Homovanillic acid and norepinephrine concentrations in brain were significantly decreased following Al O NP administration in female and male pups, whereas 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was significantly increased in male pups. EDM/HSI indicates intestinal uptake of Al O NP following oral administration. Al O NP altered neurotransmitter/metabolite concentrations in juvenile rats' brain tissues. Together, these data suggest that orally administered Al O NP interferes with the brain biochemistry in both female and male pups.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aluminum Oxide; Animals; Brain; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart; Male; Metal Nanoparticles; Motor Activity; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rotarod Performance Test; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 33269475
DOI: 10.1002/jat.4122 -
Kathmandu University Medical Journal...Bauxite is an ore from which Aluminium is produced. Malaysia, once the leading producer of bauxite has reduced production as mining activity has caused community... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Bauxite is an ore from which Aluminium is produced. Malaysia, once the leading producer of bauxite has reduced production as mining activity has caused community outrage. Due to concerns about health concerns, rising pollution and environmental hazards, the government has revoked the licenses of bauxite miners. We therefore did a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between exposure to Bauxite and Alumina with incidence of various types of cancers. Bauxite mines and alumina refineries. Individuals of all ages exposed to Bauxite and Alumina. Exposure to bauxite and alumina. Incidence due to overall cancers and specific types of cancers. Exposure to bauxite and alumina did not cause variations in incidence of overall cancer and specific types of cancer such as cancer of lip, cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx, cancer of digestive organs and others. We conclude that there is no evidence that bauxite or alumina exposure cause increase incidence of cancer but due to the small number of studies included in this review, we recommend more cohort studies to be done in future.
Topics: Aluminum Oxide; Humans; Incidence; Malaysia; Neoplasms; Occupational Exposure
PubMed: 34165102
DOI: No ID Found -
Environmental Toxicology Aug 2022Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al O -NPs) are exceedingly used in various industrial and commercial applications, providing growing concerns about their potential adverse...
Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al O -NPs) are exceedingly used in various industrial and commercial applications, providing growing concerns about their potential adverse impacts on animals and human health. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the potential protective effect of sesamol (SML) against the induced hepatorenal toxicity of Al O -NPs. Forty male rats were randomly assigned into four groups and treated orally for 28 consecutive days. Control group received distilled water. SML group received SML (100 mg/kg bw). Al O -NPs group received Al O -NPs (100 mg/kg bw). SML + Al O -NPs group received SML 2 h prior to Al O -NPs. The results revealed that Al O -NPs significantly increased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and serum urea and creatinine levels. Moreover, Al O -NPs induced a significant elevation in malondialdehyde level with significant reduction in reduced glutathione content and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, together with a marked increase of 8-hydroxy-2-desoxyguanosine level in the hepatic and renal tissues. Also, up-regulations of glutathione-S-transferase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and caspase-3 mRNA gene expressions were recorded in the liver and kidneys. Additionally, Al O -NPs induced multifocal areas of necrosis in hepatic parenchyma with glomerular mesangial cell proliferation and glomerular sclerosis in kidney tissues. Conversely, concomitant treatment with sesamol mitigated Al O -induced hepatorenal toxicity evidenced by improvement of liver and kidney functions that correlated with regulation of oxidant/antioxidant status, inflammatory, and apoptotic biomarkers and reduction of DNA and tissues damages. In conclusion, sesamol could exert a promising protective role against hepatorenal toxicity of Al O -NPs, possibly via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties.
Topics: Aluminum Oxide; Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Benzodioxoles; DNA Damage; Inflammation; Kidney; Liver; Male; Nanoparticles; Oxidative Stress; Phenols; Rats
PubMed: 35403826
DOI: 10.1002/tox.23537 -
Neurotoxicity Research Oct 2022The aim of this study was to explore the influence of the neurotoxicity of nanoalumina on primarily cultured neurons. Normal control, particle size control, aluminum,...
The aim of this study was to explore the influence of the neurotoxicity of nanoalumina on primarily cultured neurons. Normal control, particle size control, aluminum, micron-alumina, and nanoalumina at 50-nm and 13-nm particle sizes were included as subjects to evaluate the level of apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy in primarily cultured neurons and further explore the mitophagy induced by nanoalumina. The results demonstrated that nanoalumina could induce neuronal cell apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy, among which autophagy was the most notable. When the autophagy inhibitor was added to the nanoalumina-treated group, it significantly downregulated the protein expression levels of Beclin-1 and LC3II/LC3. Observation under a transmission electron microscope and a fluorescence microscope revealed mitophagy characteristics induced by nanoalumina. Additionally, the neurotoxicological effects induced by nanoalumina were more significant than those induced by aluminum and in a particle size-dependent manner.
Topics: Aluminum Oxide; Animals; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Beclin-1; Cells, Cultured; Mitophagy; Necrosis; Neurons; Rats
PubMed: 35943706
DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00549-9 -
Chemosphere Mar 2024The rapid growth in the use of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (AlO NPs) in various fields such as medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics industries and engineering, and the fact...
The rapid growth in the use of aluminum oxide nanoparticles (AlO NPs) in various fields such as medicine, pharmacy, cosmetics industries and engineering, and the fact that these NPs and their wastes mix with the aquatic environment and damage the aquatic ecosystem, affect the organisms in the water, enter the food chain and reach humans is a major problem is cause for concern. The aim of this study is to investigate the oxidative stress caused by two separate forms of aluminum oxide, γ-AlO and α-AlO, in Gammarus pulex, which is a good indicator species, with biochemical parameters. For this purpose, G. pulex was exposed to different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40 ppm) of γ-AlO and α-AlO separately. The experiments were carried out for 24 and 96 h by creating 3 repeated experimental groups consisting of 4 groups. For biomarker analysis, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities and glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) levels were performed using an ELISA kit. As a result of the in experimental study, it was observed that both nanoparticles affected oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters after 96 h compared to the control group. Increases in SOD activity were observed, γ-AlO caused a decrease in CAT activity at 24 h, and α- AlO caused increases in CAT activity at 96 h. Decreases in GSH levels and increases in TBARS levels have been observed.
Topics: Humans; Aluminum Oxide; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Ecosystem; Oxidative Stress; Antioxidants; Glutathione; Nanoparticles; Superoxide Dismutase; Metal Nanoparticles
PubMed: 38242511
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141193 -
International Journal of Biological... Oct 2019Herein, we explored the interaction of AlO NPs with RBCs and Hb to determine the effect of AlO NPs on hemolytic activity and Hb denaturation. The percentage of hemolysis...
Herein, we explored the interaction of AlO NPs with RBCs and Hb to determine the effect of AlO NPs on hemolytic activity and Hb denaturation. The percentage of hemolysis of extracts and direct contact assays triggered by AlO NPs was calculated by determining supernatant Hb concentration at 540 nm. Far-UV CD and Trp/ANS/acrylamide fluorescence spectroscopic methods were used to determine the structural changes of Hb upon interaction with AlO NPs. Theoretical studies were carried out to display the residues involved in the binding site of Hb with AlO nanocluster as well as the structural changes of Hb after interaction. The results showed that the percentage of hemolysis of extract and direct contact assays induced by AlO NPs were 1.16 and 0.46, respectively. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that AlO NPs alter the quaternary structure of the protein; however, CD spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of Hb remains almost unchanged. Theoretical study displayed that AlO nanocluster interacts with different residues of protein, and Hb tends to be destabilized at the binding site with nanocluster. This study may be significant in exploring the toxicity profile of AlO NPs for their in vivo implementations.
Topics: Aluminum Oxide; Erythrocytes; Hemoglobins; Hemolysis; Humans; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Nanoparticles; Protein Conformation; Spectrum Analysis
PubMed: 31351960
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.154 -
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering Feb 2021Schizophyllum commune is a wood-rotting filamentous fungus that secrets a homopolysaccharide called as schizophyllan. Schizophyllan has several applications such as...
Schizophyllum commune is a wood-rotting filamentous fungus that secrets a homopolysaccharide called as schizophyllan. Schizophyllan has several applications such as enhanced oil recovery, pharmaceutical materials and an anti-cancer drug carrier. Biomass growth and schizophyllan production increase the viscosity of the cultivation medium, thus resulting in mass transfer limitation for the substrate. In this study, adding talc and aluminium oxide microparticles into the cultivation medium was studied to improve the fungal growth and morphology. The response surface methodology and one factor at a time were applied to find the effects of microparticles with different sizes and concentrations on the schizophyllan production. The optimum concentration and size of aluminium oxide microparticles were obtained as 20 g L and < 30 µm, respectively. Aluminium oxide microparticles in shake flask culture caused to increase the schizophyllan production from 10 to 15 g L and decrease the cultivation time from 10 to 7 days. The production yield also increased from 0.11 to 0.30 g of schizophyllan/g glucose. Bioreactor cultivation showed a twofold increase in schizophyllan production from 1.5 to 3 g L. The results of this study suggested a significant increase in the production of schizophyllan using a low-cost "microparticle-enhanced cultivation" without any further optimization of the culture medium.
Topics: Aluminum Oxide; Biomass; Bioreactors; Culture Media; Schizophyllum; Sizofiran; Talc
PubMed: 32955618
DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02444-z -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis May 2019Use of commercial products containing nanoparticles formulated from zinc oxide (ZnO) and aluminium oxide (Al2O-3) has increased significantly. These nanoparticles are... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY
Use of commercial products containing nanoparticles formulated from zinc oxide (ZnO) and aluminium oxide (Al2O-3) has increased significantly. These nanoparticles are widely used as ingredient in cosmetics, and also in food packaging industry although their toxicity status is yet to be studied. Here, we aimed to explore the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and aluminium oxide nanoparticles (ANPs) in human HT29 colon cancer cell line.
METHODS
In this study, ZnO-NPs were synthesized by chemical method and ANPs synthesized by sol-gel method and were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X ray diffraction and Transmittance electron microscopy. The effects of ZnO-NPs and ANPs was determined by cell viability, membrane integrity and colony formation potentials.
RESULTS
ZnO-NPs and ANPs inhibit HT29, colon cancer cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner, and affect the membrane potentials and also prevent the colony formation.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that ZnO NPs are found to be more effective than ANPs in reducing colon cancer cell proliferation.
Topics: Aluminum Oxide; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Colonic Neoplasms; Humans; Nanoparticles; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Zinc Oxide
PubMed: 31125002
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v90i2.6939