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The American Surgeon Jan 2023Never a monarch nor head of state, Queen Caroline of Ansbach (1683-1737) is among the legendary women rulers of England and Great Britain alongside Queens Elizabeth I...
Never a monarch nor head of state, Queen Caroline of Ansbach (1683-1737) is among the legendary women rulers of England and Great Britain alongside Queens Elizabeth I and II, Queen Victoria, and Lady Margaret Thatcher. As queen consort, she was the acknowledged power behind the throne of her husband, King George II (1683-1760), working with Robert Walpole, the first Prime Minister of England. George accepted her intellectual superiority and backstage dominance even before he acceded to the throne in 1727. "[He had] no pretensions toward intellect and [was] basically interested in little more than military glory, political power, and a wife who would do her duty by providing him with male heirs," wrote popular historian John Van de Kiste. After they were wed in 1705, Caroline carried out her task with a remarkable fecundity: a male heir, Frederick Louis, in 1707, followed by Anne (1709), Amelia (1711), Caroline (1713), George William (1717), William (1721), Mary (1723), and Louise (1724). With good reason she believed that her influence over George came from his sexual attraction to her. It was a conceit that proved to be her undoing as she strove to hide from common knowledge an unsightly umbilical hernia. The rupture caused her death in 1737 at age 54. It strangulated, perforated, and spilled feculent succus entericus and fetid fluid onto the royal bed, a vivid example of the consequences of an untreated surgical condition.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Famous Persons; Hernia, Umbilical; United Kingdom; England; Military Personnel
PubMed: 35796058
DOI: 10.1177/00031348221114032 -
Digestive Diseases and Sciences May 2023
Topics: Humans; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Colon; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 37017818
DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07877-6 -
Risk Analysis : An Official Publication... May 2019With the advance of biotechnology, biological information, rather than biological materials, is increasingly the object of principal security concern. We argue that both...
With the advance of biotechnology, biological information, rather than biological materials, is increasingly the object of principal security concern. We argue that both in theory and in practice, existing security approaches in biology are poorly suited to manage hazardous biological information, and use the cases of Mousepox, H5N1 gain of function, and Botulinum toxin H to highlight these ongoing challenges. We suggest that mitigation of these hazards can be improved if one can: (1) anticipate hazard potential before scientific work is performed; (2) consider how much the new information would likely help both good and bad actors; and (3) aim to disclose information in the manner that maximally disadvantages bad actors versus good ones.
Topics: Animals; Biotechnology; Bioterrorism; Botulinum Toxins; Computer Security; Decision Making; Ectromelia, Infectious; Hazardous Substances; Humans; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype; Influenza, Human; Risk; Safety; Security Measures
PubMed: 30419157
DOI: 10.1111/risa.13235 -
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy Oct 2023This article reviews the published data encompassing the development, pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of brincidofovir, a nucleotide analogue DNA polymerase inhibitor... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This article reviews the published data encompassing the development, pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of brincidofovir, a nucleotide analogue DNA polymerase inhibitor developed for the treatment of smallpox.
DATA SOURCES
A literature review was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Clinicaltrials.gov from inception up to December 2022, using terms , and .
STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION
Data were limited to studies published in English language, which evaluated the efficacy and safety of brincidofovir.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Two surrogate animal models were included in the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) decision to approve brincidofovir: ectromelia virus in mice and rabbitpox in rabbits. Phases 2 and 3 studies established safety for approval. Brincidofovir biweekly for the treatment of disseminated adenovirus disease resulted in all-cause mortality, ranging from 13.8% to 29%. In a study for cytomegalovirus prophylaxis, patients with clinically significant cytomegalovirus infection through week 24 posttransplant was 51.2% with brincidofovir and 52.3% with placebo.
CONCLUSIONS
Brincidofovir adds a second oral agent to treat smallpox, with a different mechanism of action than tecovirimat. In the event of a smallpox outbreak, prompt treatment will be necessary to contain its spread. Brincidofovir shows efficacy in surrogate animal models. In healthy volunteers and individuals treated, or used as prophylaxis, for cytomegalovirus or adenovirus, the primary adverse events were gastrointestinal in addition to transient hepatotoxicity. Additionally, excessive deaths were observed in hematopoietic cell transplant patients receiving it as cytomegalovirus prophylaxis, requiring a black box warning.
Topics: Humans; Rabbits; Animals; Mice; Smallpox; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Antiviral Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Variola virus; Cytosine; Cytomegalovirus
PubMed: 36688308
DOI: 10.1177/10600280231151751 -
Nursing Education PerspectivesAn end-of-semester course -reporting strategy serves as one component of an overall curriculum evaluation plan. A framework specifying reporting criteria is used to...
An end-of-semester course -reporting strategy serves as one component of an overall curriculum evaluation plan. A framework specifying reporting criteria is used to guide the process. Report elements include integration of concepts in clinical, descriptions of active classroom learning strategies, testing data on concept performance, and exam statistics. Grade distribution and standardized testing scores are also reported. The report-out strategy has helped identify curricular strengths and weaknesses, encouraged instructional collaboration among faculty, informed decision-making, and contributed significantly to a successful curriculum transformation. The strategy has supported improved program outcomes in standardized testing scores and licensure pass rates.
Topics: Humans; Curriculum; Problem-Based Learning; Faculty
PubMed: 36007099
DOI: 10.1097/01.NEP.0000000000001025 -
Missouri Medicine 2021Despite substantial progress in developing new immunotherapies against multiple sclerosis (MS), currently available immunotherapies are only partially effective for this... (Review)
Review
Despite substantial progress in developing new immunotherapies against multiple sclerosis (MS), currently available immunotherapies are only partially effective for this debilitating neurological disease, thus necessitating new therapeutic approaches. Here, we review the immunotherapies already approved for MS as well as relevant clinical trials. Further, we present some experimental approaches that are currently being developed and are focused on modulating the functions of dendritic cells and regulatory T cells.
Topics: Humans; Immunotherapy; Multiple Sclerosis
PubMed: 34373668
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical... 2022The ongoing, highly infectious COVID-19 pandemic has prompted various drugs, vaccines, and phytochemical research to control the disease. The accelerated development of...
The ongoing, highly infectious COVID-19 pandemic has prompted various drugs, vaccines, and phytochemical research to control the disease. The accelerated development of vaccines showed the importance of immune boosters against the virus. This study aims to elucidate the role of curcumin, a phytochemical with an immunoediting profile potentially able to boost immunity after vaccination. Eighty participants were enrolled to receive curcumin supplementation ( = 40) and without ( = 40) after the first vaccination until 4 weeks after the second vaccination. Total antibody formation for SARS-CoV-2 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 4 weeks after the second vaccination. The average antibody formed in groups treated with curcumin supplementation showed a statistically significant increase compared to the control group (262.6 ± 324.2 vs. 42.8 ± 53.5, < 0.01). Age, sex, and comorbidities did not affect the production of antibodies within groups. Curcumin showed potential as a complementary supplementation during the period of vaccination as it can increase antibodies produced post vaccinations. Further investigation should be conducted on more subjects and a longer period in concordance to vaccine boosters and emerging new variants.
PubMed: 35935700
DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_54_22 -
Mapping current trends and hotspots in myasthenia gravis from 2003 to 2022: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in Neurology 2023Research on myasthenia gravis (MG) has undergone rapid development in recent years. This article aimed to elucidate the characteristics of MG publications over the past...
INTRODUCTION
Research on myasthenia gravis (MG) has undergone rapid development in recent years. This article aimed to elucidate the characteristics of MG publications over the past 20 years and analyze emerging trends using bibliometric methods.
METHODS
Information on MG articles was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection and stored in Excel for quantitative analyses. Bibliometric analyses were performed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer to visualize publications according to countries/regions, institutions, journals, and authors.
RESULTS
A total of 3,610 publications were included in the analysis. The USA had the highest number of publications (NP) and H-index. Among the institutions, the University of Oxford had the highest NP, followed by the University of Toronto and Duke University. Close cooperation was observed among countries and institutions. The most productive author was Renato Mantegazza, followed by Jan J. Verschuuren, and Amelia Evoli. published the most articles on MG, followed by the and . The keyword with the highest strength is "neuromuscular transmission," followed by "safety" and "rituximab." Co-citation analysis includes 103 publications cited at least 65 times, categorized into four clusters. Additionally, 123 keywords cited more than 40 times were analyzed and divided into five clusters.
CONCLUSION
This bibliometric analysis shows the framework of research over the past 20 years by mapping the scholarly contributions of various countries or regions, institutions, journals, and authors in MG. The analysis also explores future trends and prospective directions, emphasizing individualized treatment based on subtypes, novel immunotherapeutic approaches, and thymectomy.
PubMed: 38213833
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1320344 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022Lung cancer has a high prevalence, with a growing number of new cases and mortality every year. Furthermore, the survival rate of patients with non-small-cell lung... (Review)
Review
Lung cancer has a high prevalence, with a growing number of new cases and mortality every year. Furthermore, the survival rate of patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is still quite low in the majority of cases. Despite the use of conventional therapy such as tyrosine kinase inhibitor for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), which is highly expressed in most NSCLC cases, there was still no substantial improvement in patient survival. This is due to the drug's ineffectiveness and high rate of resistance among individuals with mutant EGFR. Therefore, the development of new inhibitors is urgently needed. Understanding the EGFR structure, including its kinase domain and other parts of the protein, and its activation mechanism can accelerate the discovery of novel compounds targeting this protein. This study described the structure of the extracellular, transmembrane, and intracellular domains of EGFR. This was carried out along with identifying the binding pose of commercially available inhibitors in the ATP-binding and allosteric sites, thereby clarifying the research gaps that can be filled. The binding mechanism of inhibitors that have been used clinically was also explained, thereby aiding the structure-based development of new drugs.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Drug Design; Drug Discovery; ErbB Receptors; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Models, Molecular; Protein Conformation; Protein Kinase Inhibitors
PubMed: 35164092
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030819 -
BMJ Case Reports Jun 2016Tibial hemimelia (congenital longitudinal deficiency of the tibia) is rare (1 in 1 000 000). There are several classifications in the literature. We report an...
Tibial hemimelia (congenital longitudinal deficiency of the tibia) is rare (1 in 1 000 000). There are several classifications in the literature. We report an unclassified case of tibial hemimelia. A 6-year-old girl presented with shortening of the right lower limb, with a small rudimentary foot (presence of all toes) and hyper lax ankle. Quadriceps function was excellent. Radiograph showed a partial tibia and fibula in synostosis. The Jones and Kalamachi type 2 classifications both mention similar tibial anomalies; however, the fibula is normal in both varieties. The present variety can be considered as a variant of type 2 tibial hemimelia.
Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Child; Ectromelia; Female; Fibula; Humans; Leg; Prostheses and Implants; Radiography; Synostosis; Tibia
PubMed: 27277586
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-215305