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Analytical Chemistry Jan 2022
Topics: Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chemistry, Analytic; Humans; Review Literature as Topic
PubMed: 35012313
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05291 -
Methods in Enzymology 2018Anesthetic mechanisms that eliminate consciousness and perception of pain are products of the nervous system. Chemical approaches to the study of anesthetic mechanisms...
Anesthetic mechanisms that eliminate consciousness and perception of pain are products of the nervous system. Chemical approaches to the study of anesthetic mechanisms have the potential to serve as an ideal interface between basic and clinical neuroscience. There are disproportionately more basic neurochemical studies than clinical studies of anesthetic mechanisms. Even within neuroscience, the study of anesthetic mechanisms is sparse. The Society for Neuroscience hosts one of the world's largest and most vibrant scientific meetings, yet the content themes of that meeting do not include anesthesia. One goal of this chapter is to facilitate neurochemical studies of anesthetic mechanisms by outlining user-friendly descriptions of existing and emerging techniques. The introduction provides a context for chapter goals. The second portion of this chapter focuses on microdialysis methods that enable the humane acquisition of neurochemical samples from intact, behaving animals during anesthetic induction, maintenance, and emergence. No single neurotransmitter and no single brain region regulate the physiological and behavioral traits characteristic of any anesthetic state. This limitation is being addressed via application of new instrumentation and techniques in analytic chemistry. The final third of this chapter highlights selected omics approaches that are now being applied to the neurochemical study of anesthetic mechanisms. We hope that this brief chapter can stimulate basic and clinical metabolomic approaches aiming to elucidate the mechanisms of anesthetic action.
Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Mapping; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Infusion Pumps; Limit of Detection; Metabolome; Microdialysis; Nerve Net; Neurochemistry; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Stereotaxic Techniques; Wakefulness
PubMed: 29673529
DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.01.024 -
Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 2023Chiral separation has attracted much attention for basic research and industrial applications in analytical chemistry. Generally, chiral separations use natural or... (Review)
Review
Chiral separation has attracted much attention for basic research and industrial applications in analytical chemistry. Generally, chiral separations use natural or artificial chiral-based materials as adsorbents. To improve the precision and efficiency of chiral separation, focus has shifted from natural and synthetic adsorbents to binary combinations of materials. This review specifically summarizes the significant advancements made in natural and artificial chiral adsorbents as promising candidates for diverse drug and biomolecule separation applications as well as the remaining drawbacks and challenges for research on chiral separations. The mechanisms of chiral-based recognition and separation and history and development of natural and artificial chiral-based systems are the focus of this review. Future directions in natural and artificial chiral-based systems for practical separations and other applications are also presented.
Topics: Stereoisomerism; Chemistry, Analytic
PubMed: 34152894
DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1932408 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Jul 2021The development of fluorophores for the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) represents an emerging, significant, and vibrant field in analytic... (Review)
Review
The development of fluorophores for the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) represents an emerging, significant, and vibrant field in analytic chemistry, chemical biology, and biomedical engineering. The wavelength, brightness, and stability are three crucial factors that determine the performance of an NIR-II fluorophore. Up to now, significant progress has been made in the development of NIR-II fluorescence molecular probes, including the synthesis of D-A-D and D-π-A fluorophores with improved NIR-II fluorescence imaging performance and the construction of off-on probes and ratiometric probes via energy transfer or molecular structure modification. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in molecular engineering design strategies of NIR-II fluorophores and probes, then highlight a selection of bioimaging and biosensing applications. We also provide perspectives on potential challenges and opportunities in this emerging field.
Topics: Animals; Biosensing Techniques; Cell Line; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Indoles; Infrared Rays; Molecular Probes; Nanotubes, Carbon; Optical Imaging; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 32780466
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007040 -
International Journal of Biological... Feb 2021Cancer is a major health issue concerning to all of us. Current treatment options are still limited due to not-selective action. Encapsulation is contemplated as an... (Review)
Review
Cancer is a major health issue concerning to all of us. Current treatment options are still limited due to not-selective action. Encapsulation is contemplated as an innovative approach to address systemic toxicity and tumor resistance caused by traditional therapies, while increasing encapsulated compounds bioavailability. The coating material of capsules strongly determines the success of the system. Since alginate has been proved non-toxic, biocompatible and biodegradable, it is considered a potential vehicle for therapeutic factors encapsulation. Besides, it has the particular ability to form hydrogels, which hold a high-water content and greatly resemble to natural soft tissues. The present review exposes the state-of-the-art and the most sophisticated alginate-based systems for cancer therapy and research. It begins with an overview of alginate hydrogels and the qualities that make them especially suitable for biomedical applications. In the following section, the application of alginate hydrogels as pioneering strategies for cancer treatment is described. Several examples of alginate-based delivery systems of therapeutic drugs, proteins and nucleic acids are provided. Significant emphasis is placed in both oral delivery systems and colorectal cancer therapy. Moreover, the role of alginate 3-D scaffolds for both cell culture and delivery is explained. Lastly, other applications of alginate-based hydrogels such as tumor biomarkers immunosensing and fluorescent surgical marker are included.
Topics: Alginates; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Capsules; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Hydrogels; Neoplasms; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 33383080
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.161 -
Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 2022In recent years, the application of liposomes in the field of analytical chemistry has attracted more and more attention. In this paper, the preparation and... (Review)
Review
In recent years, the application of liposomes in the field of analytical chemistry has attracted more and more attention. In this paper, the preparation and characterization of liposomes are briefly summarized, and the research and application of liposomes in organic and biological substances analysis are mainly reviewed, including immobilized liposome chromatography, liposome capillary electrophoresis, liposome application in electrochemical analysis, and optical analysis. The future developments of liposomes in the assay are also prospected.
Topics: Chemistry, Analytic; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Liposomes
PubMed: 32799645
DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1805293 -
Histoire Des Sciences Medicales 2016Today, the development of analytic methods brings new scientific insights into the research on the mummification process used by embalmers in ancient Egypt. The...
Today, the development of analytic methods brings new scientific insights into the research on the mummification process used by embalmers in ancient Egypt. The application of these techniques of molecular analysis, elementary analysis, botanical analysis and bibliographic analysis of ancient texts allows us to know the composition of mummification balms and material involved in the conservation of the body. Such substances, which are mineral, animal or plant material, played a practical and a symbolic part in the composition of balms used for the preservation of mummified bodies and therefore in the passage to the eternal life after the death. The comparison of analysis results can inform us about changes in embalming techniques depending of the time, the place of mummification, the deceased's social status. However the number of mummies studied is very small compared to the number of bodies that were mummified. Finally the techniques of mummification and making balms were very variable according to practitioners and their modus operandi. Today, using these technic of chemical analysis and medical imaging techniques, we can authenticate and reconstruct the history of museum pieces, as we have done in the unpublished studies conducted in support of literature data previously collected.
Topics: Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Egypt, Ancient; Embalming; History, Ancient; Humans; Mummies
PubMed: 27349124
DOI: No ID Found -
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Feb 2015MicroRNA (miRNA) detection is of considerable significance in both disease diagnosis and in the study of miRNA function. The importance of miRNA itself is due to the... (Review)
Review
MicroRNA (miRNA) detection is of considerable significance in both disease diagnosis and in the study of miRNA function. The importance of miRNA itself is due to the complicated regulatory functions it plays in various life processes and its close relationship with some diseases. Traditional methods for miRNA detection do not meet the current demands, so various novel methods have been developed with a special focus on sensitivity and specificity. Herein, we summarize and discuss the newly developed miRNA detection methods.
Topics: Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chemistry, Analytic; MicroRNAs
PubMed: 25574760
DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02104e -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2021Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are a class of polyphenolic compounds that are attracting considerable interest in the nutraceutical field due to their potential health... (Review)
Review
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are a class of polyphenolic compounds that are attracting considerable interest in the nutraceutical field due to their potential health benefits. However, knowledge about the chemistry, biosynthesis, and distribution of PACs is limited. This review summarizes the main chemical characteristics and biosynthetic pathways and the main analytical methods aimed at their identification and quantification in raw plant matrices. Furthermore, meta-analytic approaches were used to identify the main plant sources in which PACs were contained and to investigate their potential effect on human health. In particular, a cluster analysis identified PACs in 35 different plant families and 60 different plant parts normally consumed in the human diet. On the other hand, a literature search, coupled with forest plot analyses, highlighted how PACs can be actively involved in both local and systemic effects. Finally, the potential mechanisms of action through which PACs may impact human health were investigated, focusing on their systemic hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects and their local anti-inflammatory actions on the intestinal epithelium. Overall, this review may be considered a complete report in which chemical, biosynthetic, ecological, and pharmacological aspects of PACs are discussed.
PubMed: 34439477
DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081229 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Dec 2023The presence of multiple conjugated double bonds and chiral carbon atoms endows astaxanthin with geometric and optical isomers, and these isomers widely exist in... (Review)
Review
The presence of multiple conjugated double bonds and chiral carbon atoms endows astaxanthin with geometric and optical isomers, and these isomers widely exist in biological sources, food processing, and absorption. However, there remains no systematic summary of astaxanthin isomers regarding isomerization methods and analytic techniques. To address this need, this Review focuses on a comprehensive analysis of -isomerization methods of astaxanthin, including solvent system, catalyst, and heat treatment. Comparatively, high-efficiency and health-friendly methods are more conducive to put into practical use, such as food-grade solvents and food-component catalysts. In addition, we outline the recent advances in analysis techniques of astaxanthin isomers, as well as the structural characteristics reflected by various methods (e.g., HPLC, NMR, FTIR, and RS). Furthermore, we summarized the related research on the safety evaluation of astaxanthin isomers. Finally, future trends and barriers in transformation and analysis of astaxanthin isomers are also discussed.
Topics: Isomerism; Xanthophylls; Chemical Phenomena; Catalysis; Solvents
PubMed: 37924299
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06863