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International Wound Journal Jun 2015Even though it is estimated that at least 300 000 people in Canada may be affected by chronic oedema/lymphoedema, recognition of the seriousness of this chronic disease... (Review)
Review
Even though it is estimated that at least 300 000 people in Canada may be affected by chronic oedema/lymphoedema, recognition of the seriousness of this chronic disease in health care is scarce. Lymphoedema affects up to 70% of breast and prostate cancer patients, substantially increasing their postoperative medical costs. Adding to this problem are the escalating rates of morbid obesity across North America and the fact that 80% of these individuals are thought to suffer with an element of lymphoedema. The costs related to these patient populations and their consumption of health care resources are alarming. Untreated chronic oedema/lymphoedema is progressive and leads to infection, disfigurement, disability and in some cases even death. Thus, prognosis for the patient is far worse and treatment is more costly when the disease is not identified and treated in the earlier stages. Although the number of individuals coping with chronic oedema/lymphoedema continues to increase, the disparity between diagnosis, treatment and funding across Canada endures. The reasons for this include a lack of public awareness of the condition, insufficient education and knowledge among health care providers regarding aetiology and management and limited financial coverage to support appropriate methods and materials.
Topics: Canada; Chronic Disease; Diagnostic Errors; Disease Management; Edema; Humans; Incidence; Lymphedema
PubMed: 24618210
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12224 -
Current Rheumatology Reports Aug 2015Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema or RS3PE is a rare elderly-onset rheumatic syndrome. Although there are overlapping clinical... (Review)
Review
Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema or RS3PE is a rare elderly-onset rheumatic syndrome. Although there are overlapping clinical manifestations between RS3PE, elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis, and polymyalgia rheumatica, RS3PE has distinct characteristics. RS3PE can be associated with neoplasia and various rheumatic conditions, suggesting that it may be heterogeneous, and is considered as a paraneoplastic rheumatic disease. The pathogenesis of RS3PE may involve vascular endothelial growth factor and infection in RS3PE based upon limited data. Patients with RS3PE without concomitant malignancy respond well to small doses of glucocorticoids and carry good prognosis.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Biomedical Research; Diagnosis, Differential; Edema; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Polymyalgia Rheumatica; Prognosis; Syndrome; Synovitis
PubMed: 26113011
DOI: 10.1007/s11926-015-0525-0 -
ESC Heart Failure Apr 2022Myocardial fluid homeostasis relies on a complex interplay between microvascular filtration, interstitial hydration, cardiomyocyte water uptake and lymphatic removal.... (Review)
Review
Myocardial fluid homeostasis relies on a complex interplay between microvascular filtration, interstitial hydration, cardiomyocyte water uptake and lymphatic removal. Dysregulation of one or more of these mechanisms may result in myocardial oedema. Interstitial and intracellular fluid accumulation disrupts myocardial architecture, intercellular communication, and metabolic pathways, decreasing contractility and increasing myocardial stiffness. The widespread use of cardiac magnetic resonance enabled the identification of myocardial oedema as a clinically relevant imaging finding with prognostic implications in several types of heart failure. Furthermore, growing experimental evidence has contributed to a better understanding of the physical and molecular interactions in the microvascular barrier, myocardial interstitium and lymphatics and how they might be disrupted in heart failure. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the factors controlling myocardial water balance in the healthy and failing heart and pinpoint the new potential therapeutic avenues.
Topics: Edema; Heart Failure; Humans; Myocardium; Myocytes, Cardiac
PubMed: 35150087
DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13775 -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Jun 2022Since thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis, renal insufficiency, and organomegaly (TAFRO) syndrome was first proposed in 2010, there has been...
Since thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis, renal insufficiency, and organomegaly (TAFRO) syndrome was first proposed in 2010, there has been considerable progress in this area, particularly regarding its association with idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD). TAFRO syndrome is a heterogeneous category with a constellation of symptoms that can develop in the setting of infection, rheumatologic disorder, malignancy, and iMCD. Now, iMCD with TAFRO symptoms is subtyped as iMCD-TAFRO. However, confusion between TAFRO syndrome and iMCD-TAFRO remains. In this article, we discuss the current understanding and future research agenda of TAFRO syndrome and iMCD-TAFRO from the perspective of its new validated international definition.
Topics: Castleman Disease; Edema; Fever; Humans; Renal Insufficiency; Thrombocytopenia
PubMed: 35474036
DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.21037 -
The Medical Clinics of North America Sep 2023One of the most common reasons for patient visits in the outpatient practice is lower extremity swelling. Non-cardiac etiologies are the most frequent reason for these... (Review)
Review
One of the most common reasons for patient visits in the outpatient practice is lower extremity swelling. Non-cardiac etiologies are the most frequent reason for these encounters. The approach to this patient population will focus on the 7 key questions to initiate the gathering of historical information on the etiology of leg swelling. Figures and tables will complement the text for diagnosing lower extremity swelling. In this article, the common non-cardiac etiologies will be reviewed which include medications, chronic venous insufficiency, lymphatic disease, lipedema, venous thrombosis, and musculoskeletal etiologies.
Topics: Humans; Leg; Edema; Venous Thrombosis; Diagnosis, Differential
PubMed: 37541718
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2023.05.009 -
Paediatrics and International Child... May 2015It has been argued that the oedema of kwashiorkor is not caused by hypoalbuminaemia because the oedema disappears with dietary treatment before the plasma albumin... (Review)
Review
It has been argued that the oedema of kwashiorkor is not caused by hypoalbuminaemia because the oedema disappears with dietary treatment before the plasma albumin concentration rises. Reanalysis of this evidence and a review of the literature demonstrates that this was a mistaken conclusion and that the oedema is linked to hypoalbuminaemia. This misconception has influenced the recommendations for treating children with severe acute malnutrition. There are close pathophysiological parallels between kwashiorkor and Finnish congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) pre-nephrectomy; both develop protein-energy malnutrition and hypoalbuminaemia, which predisposes them to intravascular hypovolaemia with consequent sodium and water retention, and makes them highly vulnerable to develop hypovolaemic shock with diarrhoea. In CNS this is successfully treated with intravenous albumin boluses. By contrast, the WHO advise the cautious administration of hypotonic intravenous fluids in kwashiorkor with shock, which has about a 50% mortality. It is time to trial intravenous bolus albumin for the treatment of children with kwashiorkor and shock.
Topics: Albumins; Edema; Humans; Hypoalbuminemia; Kwashiorkor; Nephrotic Syndrome
PubMed: 25223408
DOI: 10.1179/2046905514Y.0000000154 -
The Journal of Family Practice Nov 2017A 15-month-old black male was brought to the pediatric emergency department by his grandmother because she was concerned about his 2 swollen big toes. The patient's...
A 15-month-old black male was brought to the pediatric emergency department by his grandmother because she was concerned about his 2 swollen big toes. The patient's grandmother said that the swelling began 36 hours prior and that her grandson's big toes had continued to increase in size. She denied trauma, bites, or unusual exposures and said that although her grandson had been fussier than usual that day, he was eating and drinking normally and had normal urine output. What is your diagnosis? How would you treat this patient?
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Edema; Humans; Infant; Male; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Toes
PubMed: 29099513
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ Case Reports Aug 2022We describe an infant presenting with intermittent discolouration and swelling of her fingers and toes occurring with changes in ambient temperature. Extensive...
We describe an infant presenting with intermittent discolouration and swelling of her fingers and toes occurring with changes in ambient temperature. Extensive investigations revealed raised inflammatory markers as well as sclerotic lesions within the phalanges and diffuse marrow oedema. Infectious and inflammatory causes were considered and excluded based on the clinical presentation and investigation findings. The persistence of symptoms prompted further investigation with MRI. Correlation of the MRI findings with previous case reports resulted in a diagnosis of microgeodic disease-an uncommon, self-limiting condition thought to be due to cold-induced vasospasm leading to avascular necrosis of the bone.
Topics: Edema; Female; Finger Phalanges; Fingers; Humans; Infant; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Syndrome
PubMed: 36038154
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245179 -
Heart, Lung & Circulation Apr 2017
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Edema; Humans; Thigh
PubMed: 27988279
DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.09.016 -
European Journal of Pediatric Surgery :... Jun 2018Existing information on acute idiopathic scrotal edema relies on small case series and textbooks. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Existing information on acute idiopathic scrotal edema relies on small case series and textbooks.
METHODS
We searched reports with no date limits on acute idiopathic scrotal edema.
RESULTS
Thirty-seven studies were included. Sixteen case series addressed the prevalence of acute idiopathic scrotal edema among males with acute scrotum: among 3,403 cases, the diagnosis of acute idiopathic scrotal edema was made in 413 cases (12%). Twenty-four reports addressed history, findings, management, and course of acute idiopathic scrotal edema in 311 patients. The patients mostly ranged in age from 5 to 8 years, presented with acute scrotal redness and swelling, associated or not with mild pain. Ninety percent or more of the cases developed in patients without atopic diathesis and were not preceded by inguinoscrotal surgery, acute febrile illnesses, or trauma. They were afebrile; in good general condition; and presented without pruritus, nausea or vomiting, or abdominal pain. The lesions were bilateral in two-thirds and unilateral in one-third of the cases. The condition resolved spontaneously within 2 to 3 days without sequelae. Approximately 10% of the cases experienced a recurrence.
CONCLUSION
Acute idiopathic scrotal edema is a self-limiting condition that accounts for ≥ 10% of cases of acute scrotum in children and adolescents.
Topics: Acute Disease; Edema; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Male; Prognosis; Scrotum
PubMed: 28505694
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1603089