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Journal of Pediatric Surgery Jul 2023The descent of the testis and the development of an inguinal hernia were the earliest published scientific work by John Hunter, the Scottish surgeon and anatomist who is... (Review)
Review
The descent of the testis and the development of an inguinal hernia were the earliest published scientific work by John Hunter, the Scottish surgeon and anatomist who is acknowledged as the father of scientific surgery. Hunter's anatomic descriptions are the ones we use today to describe the prenatal descent of the testis and to explain the pathogenesis of an undescended testis and inguinal hernia in infancy. His work appeared in print in 1762, not as a formal publication but as an addendum to a screed written by his older brother William publicly accusing Percival Pott of pirating John's observations on the pathogenesis of an inguinal hernia and publishing them as his own, an early example of scientific rivalry.
Topics: Male; Humans; Testis; Hernia, Inguinal; Cryptorchidism
PubMed: 37024415
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.03.005 -
Maedica Mar 2023Cadaveric dissection is a unique and unrivalled educational tool that allows students in medicine and associated life sciences to explore spatial three-dimensional...
Cadaveric dissection is a unique and unrivalled educational tool that allows students in medicine and associated life sciences to explore spatial three-dimensional anatomy, principles of structure and related function, and anatomical variations, including pathological alterations. Human tissue dissection enables researchers to comprehend the variety that exists in life that cannot be appreciated through the literature or artificial specimens. Using cadavers is the best way to simulate surgical and anatomical teaching. A cadaver has been shown to imitate surgical and anatomical training better than any other existing method. By the use of soft embalming approaches, cadavers have become more realistic and training-friendly. The main aim of this review is to describe various innovative and recent cadaver preservation techniques in detail, which can help anatomists to modify the techniques in their institute for gross anatomy teaching and surgical training or workshops to get a lifelike cadaver.
PubMed: 37266469
DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2023.18.1.127 -
Neuroimaging Clinics of North America Nov 2022Each orbit is a complex structure housing the globe, multiple cranial nerves, muscles, vascular structures, which support the visual sense. Many of these structures have... (Review)
Review
Each orbit is a complex structure housing the globe, multiple cranial nerves, muscles, vascular structures, which support the visual sense. Many of these structures have been delineated in careful detail by anatomists but remain beyond the resolution of conventional imaging techniques. With the advances of higher resolution MR, surface coil usage, and thinner section computed tomographic images, the ability to resolve these small structures continues to improve, allowing radiologists to provide more detailed anatomic descriptions for preoperative and pretreatment planning.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Orbit; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 36244718
DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2022.07.020 -
The American Surgeon Nov 2021Carl Florian Toldt was an Austrian anatomist who made meaningful contributions worldwide and defined what is one of the most important surgical landmarks in abdominal...
Carl Florian Toldt was an Austrian anatomist who made meaningful contributions worldwide and defined what is one of the most important surgical landmarks in abdominal surgery. Through his research studies, the embryologic dissection plane known as the "White Line of Toldt" represents an important anatomical landmark that helps to mobilize either the ascending or descending colon. His career spanned over 45 years, beginning in Verona and continuing to Prague and Vienna. He was an author of several innovative books and scientific articles regarding micro- and macroscopic anatomy. In addition, he received numerous recognitions and prizes for his work, making him an essential figure in the medical scientific community. Even a street in Vienna, Karl-Toldt-Weg, is named in his honor. The purpose of this historical article is to celebrate and honor Toldt 100 years following his death, remembering his scientific contributions to the medical and surgical fields and giving thanks for his numerous accomplishments. This article brings light to the man behind the eponym.
Topics: Anatomy; Austria-Hungary; Colon; Dissection; Histology; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Italy; Mesocolon; Peritoneum; Retroperitoneal Space
PubMed: 33720793
DOI: 10.1177/0003134821991979 -
The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care... Aug 2019Johann Friedrich Meckel (1781-1833) was a 19th century anatomist born into an eminent dynasty. He was a professor of anatomy, pathology, and zoology at the University of... (Review)
Review
Johann Friedrich Meckel (1781-1833) was a 19th century anatomist born into an eminent dynasty. He was a professor of anatomy, pathology, and zoology at the University of Halle, in Central Germany. The diverticulum, a congenital remnant of the vitellointestinal duct was named after him. Other eponyms include Meckel's cartilage, Meckel syndrome, and Meckel-Serres law of recapitulation. His concepts in comparative anatomy, embryology, and teratology anticipated Darwin. This review is a short tribute to this legend and his prolific contributions. LEVEL: Historic review, level V.
Topics: Germany; History, 19th Century; Humans; Meckel Diverticulum
PubMed: 31349351
DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002300 -
Lancet (London, England) Apr 2019
Topics: Anatomists
PubMed: 31034377
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33136-2 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Anatomic studies have traditionally relied on macroscopic, microscopic, and histological techniques to investigate the structure of tissues and organs. Anatomic studies... (Review)
Review
Anatomic studies have traditionally relied on macroscopic, microscopic, and histological techniques to investigate the structure of tissues and organs. Anatomic studies are essential in many fields, including medicine, biology, and veterinary science. Advances in technology, such as imaging techniques and molecular biology, continue to provide new insights into the anatomy of living organisms. Therefore, anatomy remains an active and important area in the scientific field. The consolidation in recent years of some omics technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics allows for a more complete and detailed understanding of the structure and function of cells, tissues, and organs. These have been joined more recently by "omics" such as radiomics, pathomics, and connectomics, supported by computer-assisted technologies such as neural networks, 3D bioprinting, and artificial intelligence. All these new tools, although some are still in the early stages of development, have the potential to strongly contribute to the macroscopic and microscopic characterization in medicine. For anatomists, it is time to hitch a ride and get on board omics technologies to sail to new frontiers and to explore novel scenarios in anatomy.
PubMed: 37761332
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182963 -
Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.) Oct 2021William Hunter's writings, lectures and his collection of circa 1,400 pathological specimens at the University of Glasgow show that, within the scientific limitations of...
William Hunter's writings, lectures and his collection of circa 1,400 pathological specimens at the University of Glasgow show that, within the scientific limitations of the 18th Century, he had a sound grasp of the significance of morbid anatomical appearances. Unlike John Hunter's collection at the Royal College of Surgeons of England, few of the Hunterian specimens at Glasgow have an accompanying case history. Within the Special Collections at the Glasgow University Library are a small number of post mortem reports, including four involving William Hunter's aristocratic patients. This article explores these patient cases, and also the only instance recorded by John Hunter of William working with him on a post mortem of an aristocrat, that of the Marquis of Rockingham, Prime Minister, who died in 1782. The study aims to better understand William Hunter's medical practice and his professional connections with other practitioners. The post mortem examinations were carried out by a surgeon/anatomist and observed by the patient's physician(s). For aristocratic post mortems, those attending were senior and well-established practitioners. The notes made were not particularly detailed. The reports show clearly that William Hunter's practice, in the 1760s at least, was not confined to midwifery.
Topics: Anatomists; Dissection; Forensic Medicine; History, 18th Century; Humans; Obstetrics; Pathologists; Scotland
PubMed: 33580903
DOI: 10.1002/ca.23730