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Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.) Jan 2021COVID-19 has generated a global need for technologies that enable communication, collaboration, education and scientific discourse whilst maintaining physical distance.... (Review)
Review
COVID-19 has generated a global need for technologies that enable communication, collaboration, education and scientific discourse whilst maintaining physical distance. University closures due to COVID-19 and physical distancing measures disrupt academic activities that previously occurred face-to-face. Restrictions placed on universities due to COVID-19 have precluded most conventional forms of education, assessment, research and scientific discourse. Anatomists now require valid, robust and easy-to-use communication tools to facilitate remote teaching, learning and research. Recent advances in communication, video conferencing and digital technologies may facilitate continuity of teaching and research activities. Examples include highly-interactive video conferencing technology, collaborative tools, social media and networking platforms. In this narrative review, we examine the utility of these technologies in supporting effective communication and professional activities of anatomists during COVID-19 and after.
Topics: Anatomy; COVID-19; Communicable Disease Control; Communications Media; Cooperative Behavior; Education, Distance; Education, Medical; Humans; Online Social Networking; Physical Distancing; Research; Social Media; User-Computer Interface; Videoconferencing
PubMed: 32648289
DOI: 10.1002/ca.23649 -
Anatomical Sciences Education 2023Altmetrics are non-traditional metrics that can capture downloads, social media shares, and other modern measures of research impact and reach. Despite most of the... (Review)
Review
Altmetrics are non-traditional metrics that can capture downloads, social media shares, and other modern measures of research impact and reach. Despite most of the altmetrics literature focusing on evaluating the relationship between research outputs and academic impact/influence, the perceived and actual value of altmetrics among academicians remains nebulous and inconsistent. This work proposes that ambiguities surrounding the value and use of altmetrics may be explained by a multiplicity of altmetrics definitions communicated by journal publishers. A root cause analysis was initiated to compare altmetrics definitions between anatomy and medical education journal publishers' websites and to determine the comparability of the measurement and platform sources used for computing altmetrics values. A scoping content analysis of data from across eight publishers' websites revealed wide variability in definitions and heterogeneity among altmetrics measurement sources. The incongruencies among publishers' altmetrics definitions and their value demonstrate that publishers may be one of the root cause of ambiguity perpetuating confusion around the value and use of altmetrics. This review highlights the need to more deeply explore the root causes of altmetrics ambiguities within academia and makes a compelling argument for establishing a ubiquitous altmetrics definition that is concise, clear, and specific.
Topics: Humans; Anatomists; Floods; Anatomy; Social Media; Education, Medical
PubMed: 36876509
DOI: 10.1002/ase.2267 -
Evolutionary Anthropology Jan 2020In 1698, a creature with a perplexing mix of human and "ape" features died in London. Brought back to England by merchants who had acquired it during a trading mission...
In 1698, a creature with a perplexing mix of human and "ape" features died in London. Brought back to England by merchants who had acquired it during a trading mission to West Africa, it attracted the attention of the Royal Society, and after the death of what we now know was a juvenile chimpanzee, Edward Tyson, a distinguished physician/anatomist, was commissioned to undertake its dissection. Tyson, who was assisted by William Cowper, prepared a detailed written and graphic description of their meticulous dissection, and this forms the major part of his 1699 publication Orang-outang sive Homo sylvestris: or The Anatomy of a Pygmie compared with that of a Monkey, an Ape, and a Man. Tyson records the many ways his "pygmie" resembled, and differed from, modern humans, including acute assessments of its brain and pelvic anatomy. Tyson's monograph is a text-book example of the comparative method. He, and it, deserve more recognition.
Topics: Anatomy, Comparative; Animals; Anthropology, Physical; History, 17th Century; Humans; Primates
PubMed: 31994265
DOI: 10.1002/evan.21815 -
CNS Drugs Jun 2016Perispinal injection is a novel emerging method of drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). Physiological barriers prevent macromolecules from efficiently... (Review)
Review
Perispinal injection is a novel emerging method of drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). Physiological barriers prevent macromolecules from efficiently penetrating into the CNS after systemic administration. Perispinal injection is designed to use the cerebrospinal venous system (CSVS) to enhance delivery of drugs to the CNS. It delivers a substance into the anatomic area posterior to the ligamentum flavum, an anatomic region drained by the external vertebral venous plexus (EVVP), a division of the CSVS. Blood within the EVVP communicates with the deeper venous plexuses of the CSVS. The anatomical basis for this method originates in the detailed studies of the CSVS published in 1819 by the French anatomist Gilbert Breschet. By the turn of the century, Breschet's findings were nearly forgotten, until rediscovered by American anatomist Oscar Batson in 1940. Batson confirmed the unique, linear, bidirectional and retrograde flow of blood between the spinal and cerebral divisions of the CSVS, made possible by the absence of venous valves. Recently, additional supporting evidence was discovered in the publications of American neurologist Corning. Analysis suggests that Corning's famous first use of cocaine for spinal anesthesia in 1885 was in fact based on Breschet's anatomical findings, and accomplished by perispinal injection. The therapeutic potential of perispinal injection for CNS disorders is highlighted by the rapid neurological improvement in patients with otherwise intractable neuroinflammatory disorders that may ensue following perispinal etanercept administration. Perispinal delivery merits intense investigation as a new method of enhanced delivery of macromolecules to the CNS and related structures.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Central Nervous System; Central Nervous System Agents; Central Nervous System Diseases; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Injections, Spinal
PubMed: 27120182
DOI: 10.1007/s40263-016-0339-2 -
British Journal of Hospital Medicine... May 2018
Topics: Anatomy; History, 18th Century; Humans; Obstetrics; United Kingdom
PubMed: 29727231
DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2018.79.5.295 -
World Neurosurgery Jul 2021Anatomic knowledge and insight depend on the cumulative contributions of anatomists over time, and eponyms pay homage to some of these individuals. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Anatomic knowledge and insight depend on the cumulative contributions of anatomists over time, and eponyms pay homage to some of these individuals.
METHODS
A PubMed literature review identified 11 eponymous arteries of the brain and spinal cord.
RESULTS
The 11 eponyms include the artery of Adamkiewicz, the artery of Bernasconi and Cassinari, the artery of Davidoff and Schechter, the recurrent artery of Heubner, McConnell's capsular arteries, the artery of Percheron, the artery of Salmon, the Vidian artery, the arteria termatica of Wilder, the circle of Willis, and the artery of Wollschlaeger and Wollschlaeger.
CONCLUSIONS
Eponyms remind us of an artery's importance and can improve our clinical acumen or technique. They have become an integral part of our day-to-day vocabulary, often without our historical knowledge of these anatomists. This report reviews these histories and the anatomy to deepen our appreciation of arterial eponyms in vascular neurosurgery.
Topics: Arteries; Brain; Eponyms; Humans; Neurosurgery; Neurosurgical Procedures; Spinal Cord
PubMed: 33548525
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.01.115 -
Anatomical Science International Jan 2018For a long time, because of its location at the skull base level, the sphenoid bone was rather mysterious as it was too difficult for anatomists to reach and to... (Review)
Review
For a long time, because of its location at the skull base level, the sphenoid bone was rather mysterious as it was too difficult for anatomists to reach and to elucidate its true configuration. The configuration of the sphenoid bone led to confusion regarding its sutures with the other skull bones, its shape, its detailed anatomy, and the vascular and nervous structures that cross it. This article takes the reader on a journey through time and space, charting the evolution of anatomists' comprehension of sphenoid bone morphology from antiquity to its conception as a bone structure in the eighteenth century, and ranging from ancient Greece to modern Italy and France. The journey illustrates that many anatomists have attempted to name and to best describe the structural elements of this polymorphous bone.
Topics: Humans; Sella Turcica; Skull Base; Sphenoid Bone
PubMed: 28349500
DOI: 10.1007/s12565-017-0399-5 -
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Jul 2023The nasal base muscles are of great functional importance in health and disease. Particularly, the one lacking terminological consensus, but often termed as myrtiformis...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The nasal base muscles are of great functional importance in health and disease. Particularly, the one lacking terminological consensus, but often termed as myrtiformis muscle, which has been mostly omitted by anatomists may have significance for rhinoplasty. The purpose of the current study was to re-examine the anatomical features of myrtiformis muscle.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Conducted on 40 sides of 20 formalin-fixed amputated heads, we followed a dissection routine to fully expose the origin and insertion sites of the nasal base muscles. We measured the respective morphometric via digital caliper.
RESULTS
Based on the number of bellies and their muscular attachment sites, we described an anatomical classification that consists of three different types of MM which had a single and broad origin. We classified the double-bellied muscle as Type 1 occurred in 10% (4/40), whereas the single-bellied ones as Types 2 and 3, occurred in 80% (32/40) and 10% (4/40), respectively. Measured distance between the medial margin of myrtiformis muscle origin and midline passing through the anterior nasal spine did not differ between any statistical comparisons (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
We revisited the muscle which was at some occasions termed as myrtiformis muscle, depressor septi nasi or depressor alae nasi muscles. Considering that there are differential forms of the muscle with the same muscular origin but bearing single or double bellies and/or different insertion sites, our classification may overcome possible terminological confusion by ensuring single muscle term with easily distinguishable morphological types. We invite anatomists to enlarge the data set and comment on our classification, and surgeons to conduct prospective examinations to add deeper insight regarding the functional importance of anatomical classifications by correlating pre vs post-operative functional differences.
Topics: Humans; Nasal Septum; Prospective Studies; Rhinoplasty; Facial Muscles; Physical Examination
PubMed: 37106241
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03154-3 -
Child's Nervous System : ChNS :... Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Anatomists; Italy; Anatomy
PubMed: 36287257
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05710-5 -
Cureus Oct 2018Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov is considered one of the most important anatomists and surgeons in the history of medicine. The Russian physician conducted more than 11,000... (Review)
Review
Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov is considered one of the most important anatomists and surgeons in the history of medicine. The Russian physician conducted more than 11,000 dissections and meticulously studied human anatomy, discovering important anatomical regions such as Pirogov's triangle. Pirogov developed surgical methods and techniques used by physicians for many decades such as Pirogov's amputation. Pirogov is also known for his contribution to war medicine, given his experience practicing medicine in the Crimean War as a surgeon, where he introduced innovative methods for the treatment of injured soldiers. Pirogov's most important contribution to the scientific community is his humanistic and democratic mentality-which he maintained until the end of his life-elements necessary for the evolution of every modern physician and scientist.
PubMed: 30546975
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3424