-
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Apr 2022
Topics: Anatomy; Head; Humans; Neck
PubMed: 35294607
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-022-02926-7 -
Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.) Apr 2019The heart is a remarkably complex organ. Teaching its details to medical students and clinical trainees can be very difficult. Despite the complexity, accurate... (Review)
Review
The heart is a remarkably complex organ. Teaching its details to medical students and clinical trainees can be very difficult. Despite the complexity, accurate recognition of these details is a pre-requisite for the subsequent understanding of clinical cardiologists and cardiac surgeons. A recent publication promoted the benefits of virtual reconstructions in facilitating the initial understanding achieved by medical students. If such teaching is to achieve its greatest value, the datasets used to provide the virtual images should themselves be anatomically accurate. They should also take note of a basic rule of human anatomy, namely that components of all organs should be described as they are normally situated within the body. It is almost universal at present for textbooks of anatomy to illustrate the heart as if removed from the body and positioned on its apex, the so-called Valentine situation. In the years prior to the emergence of interventional techniques to treat cardiac diseases, this approach was of limited significance. Nowadays, therapeutic interventions are commonplace worldwide. Advances in three-dimensional imaging technology, furthermore, now mean that the separate components of the heart can readily be segmented, and then shown in attitudinally appropriate fashion. In this review, we demonstrate how such virtual dissection of computed tomographic datasets in attitudinally appropriate fashion reveals the true details of cardiac anatomy. The virtual approach to teaching the arrangement of the cardiac components has much to commend it. If it is to be used, nonetheless, the anatomical details on which the reconstructions are based must be accurate. Clin. Anat. 32:288-309, 2019. © 2019 The Authors. Clinical Anatomy published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Clinical Anatomists.
Topics: Anatomy; Cardiology; Heart; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Models, Anatomic; Thoracic Cavity; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 30675928
DOI: 10.1002/ca.23340 -
Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer... Mar 2017Profound knowledge in functional and clinical anatomy is a prerequisite for efficient diagnosis in medical practice. However, anatomy teaching does not always consider...
Profound knowledge in functional and clinical anatomy is a prerequisite for efficient diagnosis in medical practice. However, anatomy teaching does not always consider functional and clinical aspects. Here we introduce a new interprofessional approach to effectively teach the anatomy of the knee joint. The presented teaching approach involves anatomists, orthopaedists and physical therapists to teach anatomy of the knee joint in small groups under functional and clinical aspects. The knee joint courses were implemented during early stages of the medical curriculum and medical students were grouped with students of physical therapy to sensitize students to the importance of interprofessional work. Evaluation results clearly demonstrate that medical students and physical therapy students appreciated this teaching approach. First evaluations of following curricular anatomy exams suggest a benefit of course participants in knee-related multiple choice questions. Together, the interprofessional approach presented here proves to be a suitable approach to teach functional and clinical anatomy of the knee joint and further trains interprofessional work between prospective physicians and physical therapists as a basis for successful healthcare management.
Topics: Anatomy; Curriculum; Education, Medical; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Educational Measurement; Female; Humans; Interprofessional Relations; Knee Joint; Male; Orthopedics; Physical Therapy Specialty; Physicians; Prospective Studies; Students; Students, Medical; Teaching; Young Adult
PubMed: 27893968
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2016.10.011 -
Surgery May 2019
Topics: Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; History, 20th Century; Humans; Medical Illustration; National Socialism; Peripheral Nerves; War Crimes; World War II
PubMed: 30245127
DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2018.08.008 -
Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia Jan 2023
Topics: Animals; Histological Techniques; Embryology; Anatomy
PubMed: 36645385
DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12891 -
Journal of Anatomy Sep 2017The discovery of the lymphatic system has a long and fascinating history. The interest in anatomy and physiology of this system paralleled that of the blood... (Review)
Review
The discovery of the lymphatic system has a long and fascinating history. The interest in anatomy and physiology of this system paralleled that of the blood cardiocirculatory system and has been maybe obscured by the latter. Paradoxically, if the closed blood system appeared open in Galen's anatomy and physiology, and took a very long time to be correctly described in terms of pulmonary and general circulation by ibn Al-Nafis/Michael Servetus/Realdo Colombo and William Harvey, respectively, the open lymphatic system was incorrectly described as a closed circuit connected with arteries and veins. In ancient times only macroscopic components of the lymphatic system have been described, although misinterpreted, including lymph nodes and lacteals, the latter being easily identified because of their milk-like content. For about 15 centuries the dogmatic acceptance of Galen's notions did not allow a significant progress in medicine. After Vesalius' revolution in anatomical studies, new knowledge was accumulated, and the 17th century was the golden age for the investigation of the lymphatic system with several discoveries: gut lacteals (Gaspare Aselli), cloacal bursa (Hieronimus Fabricius of Acquapendente), reservoir of the chyle (Jean Pecquet), extra-intestinal lymphatic vessels (Thomas Bartholin and Olaus Rudbeck dispute), hepatic lymph circulation (Francis Glisson). In the Enlightenment century Frederik Ruysch described the function of lymphatic valves, and Paolo Mascagni provided a magnificent iconography of the lymphatic network in humans. In recent times, Leonetto Comparini realized three-dimensional reconstructions of the liver lymphatic vessels, and Kari Alitalo discovered the lymphatic growth factor/receptor system. Far from a complete understanding of its anatomy and function, the lymphatic system still needs to be profoundly examined.
Topics: Anatomy; Animals; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; History, Ancient; Humans; Lymphatic System
PubMed: 28614587
DOI: 10.1111/joa.12644 -
Folia Morphologica 2019The ancient Greek physicians skipped the description of thyroid gland probablydue to their difficultly to understand the anatomy and the existence of this organ.Although... (Review)
Review
The ancient Greek physicians skipped the description of thyroid gland probablydue to their difficultly to understand the anatomy and the existence of this organ.Although the ancient physicians had described the disease bronchocele (Greek:Βρογχοκήλη), this disease did not correspond exactly to goitre. The first officialdescription of this gland was made by Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564). Thomas Wharton (1614-1673) in his work Adenographia was the one who coined the term 'Glandulae thyreoidea'.
Topics: Anatomy; History, 15th Century; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, Ancient; History, Medieval; Humans; Thyroid Cartilage; Thyroid Gland
PubMed: 30009365
DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2018.0059 -
The American Surgeon Dec 2021
Topics: Anatomy; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic; Casts, Surgical; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Paris
PubMed: 34757883
DOI: 10.1177/00031348211056274 -
Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences Dec 2015The description of an anatomical specimen may look straightforward, but it appears that it depends in fact on several intermingled factors: technical methods for... (Review)
Review
The description of an anatomical specimen may look straightforward, but it appears that it depends in fact on several intermingled factors: technical methods for conservation, dissection and vascular injection and the anatomist skills are of course important. This is especially true when the studied organ, as for instance the brain, is subject to rapid putrefaction after death without any preservation technique. Nevertheless the possibility to reject, or at least criticize, the dominant paradigm is probably as important as these technical considerations: important changes occurred in brain representation between the early Middle Ages and the Early Modern Times, without major improvements of cadaveric preservation or dissection methods; Vesalius rejected the existence of the rete mirabile in human not only because he was a talented anatomist but also because he accepted and had the courage to fight the dominant tradition inherited from Galen. Such difficulties in the scientific approach obviously remain vivid, and should not be forgotten despite the development of modern tools for studying brain morphology and function.
Topics: Anatomy, Artistic; Animals; Brain; Brain Mapping; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Neuroanatomy; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 26354184
DOI: No ID Found -
Anatomical Science International Jan 2016The evolution of knowledge regarding the anatomy and physiology of the spleen throughout Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages is described, and general perceptions about... (Review)
Review
The evolution of knowledge regarding the anatomy and physiology of the spleen throughout Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages is described, and general perceptions about this organ during different eras along this time line are presented. The original words of great physicians from the period of time stretching from Ancient Egypt to the Avicennan era are quoted and discussed to demonstrate how knowledge of the spleen has evolved and to present the theories that dominated each era. Furthermore, theories about illnesses relating to the spleen are reported, which show how this organ was perceived-in terms of its function and anatomy-during each era.
Topics: Anatomy; History, 15th Century; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, Ancient; History, Medieval; Humans; Physiology; Spleen
PubMed: 26507317
DOI: 10.1007/s12565-015-0305-y