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Trends in Parasitology Sep 2021
Review
Topics: Ancylostoma; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Humans; Life Cycle Stages
PubMed: 34049804
DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.04.013 -
Journal of Medicine and Life Apr 2022Cytokine response to () infection was measured after starting treatments with piperazine. This study aims to determine the impact of cytokine production after infection...
Cytokine response to () infection was measured after starting treatments with piperazine. This study aims to determine the impact of cytokine production after infection with before and after treatment with piperazine. Blood and stool samples of 50 patients with infection and 28 healthy individuals (control) were collected. In this study, IFNγ, IL-5, IL-12, and IL-13 in serum (using ELISA-based methods) were measured. Stool samples were examined using the Kato-Katz technique to detect parasites. Blood and stool samples were analyzed 14 days after starting piperazine treatment for infection. The medium concentration of IFNγ, IL-5, IL-12, and IL-13 in the serum samples with infection is higher than that of the control group. IFNγ, IL-5, IL-12, and IL-13 levels were significantly higher in the infected individuals (10.5±7.4 pg/ml, 14.6±5.1 pg/ml, 8.5±3.2 pg/ml and 13.6±7.5 pg/ml respectively) than the control group (4.7±2.4 pg/ml, 7.8±4.06 pg/ml, 6.3±3.4 pg/ml and 3.5±2.7 pg/ml respectively). Also, piperazine treatment can significantly reduce cytokines levels (IFN-γ: P=0.043, IL-5: P=0.02, and IL-12, p=0.001). This study shows that piperazine treatment can reduce cytokines profiles in patients with infection.
Topics: Ancylostomiasis; Cytokines; Humans; Interleukin-12; Interleukin-13; Interleukin-5; Piperazines
PubMed: 35646178
DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0383 -
Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis Mar 2019Our aim intended to determine the relationship between hematological parameters (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio [PLR], and...
OBJECTIVE
Our aim intended to determine the relationship between hematological parameters (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio [PLR], and eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [ELR]) and ancylostomiasis.
METHODS
There were 140 patients with ancylostomiasis and 159 healthy controls enrolled in this study. All data were collected from electronic medical records of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.
RESULTS
The levels of NLR, PLR, and ELR in ancylostomiasis patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls (all P = 0.000). A receiver operating characteristic curve was generated to assess the diagnostic efficacy of these three hematological parameters. ELR (AUC = 0.850; sensitivity = 75.00%; specificity = 86.80%) showed the superior AUC than those of NLR (AUC = 0.718; sensitivity = 53.57%; specificity = 88.68%) and PLR (AUC = 0.806; sensitivity = 68.57%; specificity = 86.79%), respectively. A multivariate regression model using the two selected indices (RBC and ELR) was established with the model's sensitivity and specificity reached 82.86% and 96.23%, respectively. In the ancylostomiasis patient group, NLR (r = -0.452, P = 0.000) and PLR (r = -0.357, P = 0.000) were reversely associated with eosinophils.
CONCLUSION
The pretreatment levels of the three hematological parameters (NLR, PLR, and ELR) may serve as valuable indicators for distinguishing patients with ancylostomiasis from healthy controls. NLR and PLR are negatively associated with the previous indicator, eosinophils.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ancylostomiasis; Area Under Curve; Child; Child, Preschool; Eosinophils; Female; Humans; Infant; Leukocyte Count; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 30390342
DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22705 -
Journal of Parasitic Diseases :... Mar 2023The present experiment was carried out to assess the comparative efficacy of ivermectin and fenbendazole individually for anthelmintic therapy for the hookworm infested...
The present experiment was carried out to assess the comparative efficacy of ivermectin and fenbendazole individually for anthelmintic therapy for the hookworm infested dogs. Dogs presented to the Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine or Veterinary Clinical Complex, Bhubaneswar were randomly screened for infection and the positive dogs were selected for the therapeutic trial Faecal samples were collected randomly from presented dogs immediately after defaecation or from the rectum directly using a faecal scoop. The collected sample was examined by floatation technique to detect the positive cases of infection. The dogs with normal clinical parameters and no eggs or ova in the faeces were included in in group 1 ( = 12). Dogs with faecal sample positive for ova were recruited for the comparative study ( = 24) which were grouped into two groups consisting of 12 dogs in each (group 2 and 3). Group 2 dogs ( = 12) were treated with ivermectin at 200 µg/kg body weight once orally repeated after 15 days with proper supportive therapy each time. Group 3 ( = 12) were treated with fenbendazole at 50 mg/kg body weight once orally repeated after 15 days with proper supportive therapy each time. Haematological examinations and serum biochemical tests were carried out in all groups each time on day 0, 15 and 30 of the experiment. The therapeutic efficacy of both the drugs was calculated on the basis of number of animals found free of infection as determined by reduction in EPG count of the faeces of the group following the treatment. The reduction in eggs per gram (EPG) count on day 15 and day 30 was more significant in group 2 than group 3. The mean EPG count reduced significantly to 24.17 ± 11.44 on day 15 from day 0 level of 1650.00 ± 247.25 in fenbendazole-treated dogs. On day 30, the mean value further reduced to become nil.The 15th day after treatment, mean (± SE) value of protein, albumin and globulin was changed to 5.63 ± 0.12, 2.64 ± 0.12 and 2.99 ± 0.15 g/dl, respectively. The 30th day after treatment, the values were 6.23 ± 0.14, 3.20 ± 0.18 and 3.03 ± 0.21 g/dl, respectively. The total protein and albumin values were significantly changed from day 0 level in group 2 and 3 by 15th day and 30th day, respectively, at 1% level of significance. Following treatment with ivermectin, the 15th day haematological values increased significantly at 1% level ( < 0.01) of significance. There was significant increase in the values at 1% level on the 30th day compared to day 0 and the mean values were non-significantly comparable to the healthy control group except PCV and TEC.
PubMed: 36910310
DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01536-9 -
Veterinary Medicine International 2021is one of the most important hookworms in dogs. A study revealed that the prevalence of ancylostomiasis in Indonesia is relatively high. However, cases of persistent... (Review)
Review
is one of the most important hookworms in dogs. A study revealed that the prevalence of ancylostomiasis in Indonesia is relatively high. However, cases of persistent ancylostomiasis in dogs were reported, indicating the possibility of anthelmintic resistance. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the anthelmintic potential of plants preclinically against based on related research articles. This review retrieved 14 articles from 2001 to 2021 investigating 19 different plants. , , and hold a promising prospect as anthelmintic against . This review found aspects of those medicinal plants that need to be investigated deeper to improve our understanding of the matter. results in this review have not yet been tested in trials, which are essential in determining the efficacy and safety of the use of these medicinal plants and also to justify its clinical application.
PubMed: 34876973
DOI: 10.1155/2021/3879099 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Aug 2020We reported 865 cases of soil-transmitted nematodiasis occurring in Japan during 2000-2017. The predominant nematode was ( = 279, 32.3% of all cases), and other species...
We reported 865 cases of soil-transmitted nematodiasis occurring in Japan during 2000-2017. The predominant nematode was ( = 279, 32.3% of all cases), and other species included (30.7%), (23.1%), and spp. (13.9%). was detected primarily in patients in Okinawa and Kagoshima prefectures, which are in the south of Japan and are endemic areas for this parasitic infection, and also in about half of the prefectures of all Japan. At least 15.5 cases of strongyloidiasis occurred on average each year. The period incidence rate of strongyloidiasis cases relative to the total population of Japan was 0.012 cases per 10 person-years. The male-to-female ratio was 2.1. The average age was 75.1 ± 16.9 years, and 96.1% of patients were older than 50 years. Several reasons may explain why this previously non-endemic outside of Okinawa region, serious nematode disease is now found in much of Japan, including the increased number of transmigration and sightseeing trips in Japan, use of immunosuppressive drugs, and lack of awareness of the risks. Thus, information of strongyloidiasis and its risks must be disseminated to travelers, residents, and physicians to prevent this life-threatening parasite infection.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; Female; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Strongyloides stercoralis; Strongyloidiasis; Trichuriasis; Trichuris; Young Adult
PubMed: 32588800
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0969 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Sep 2022Ancylostoma ceylanicum hookworms are zoonotic parasites that can infect humans. To detect autochthonous transmission, we analyzed human fecal samples collected in 2000....
Ancylostoma ceylanicum hookworms are zoonotic parasites that can infect humans. To detect autochthonous transmission, we analyzed human fecal samples collected in 2000. Multiparallel quantitative PCR detected infection in persons who had never traveled outside Ecuador. These data indicate human transmission of A. ceylanicum in the Americas, although endemicity remains unknown.
Topics: Ancylostoma; Ancylostomatoidea; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Ecuador; Hookworm Infections; Humans; Zoonoses
PubMed: 35997627
DOI: 10.3201/eid2809.220248 -
Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology Sep 2019Obesity and ancylostomiasis are considered public health problems. Recent studies have shown that infection by intestinal helminths in obese individuals can ameliorate...
Obesity and ancylostomiasis are considered public health problems. Recent studies have shown that infection by intestinal helminths in obese individuals can ameliorate metabolic disorder and improve glucose tolerance by decreasing both insulin resistance and low-intensity inflammation. However, few helminth species have been studied in this context, and some modulation mechanisms still require deeper investigation. Therefore, the present work aimed to investigate the role of experimental infection with Ancylostoma ceylanicum in the modulation of the immune response in an obese experimental model. Four groups of hamsters were used as follows: two groups were submitted to a hyperlipidic and hypercaloric diet capable of inducing obesity, one infected and the other uninfected; and two normonourished control groups, one infected and one uninfected by A. ceylanicum. Biochemical, haematological, parasitological and immunological parameters were evaluated. The results demonstrated that A. ceylanicum infection accentuated weight loss in obese animals compared to normonourished animals. However, obesity reduced the recovery of worms and oviposition of the females, and both infected groups showed decreased levels of haemoglobin, albumin, iron and erythrocytes. Significant relations were observed for pathogenesis in the following cases: infection interfered in lipid metabolism, which increased levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the obese group, and caused a decrease in HDL levels in both groups. Obesity led to an increase in glucose levels, and the infection exacerbated this parameter in both the normonourished and obese groups. Inflammation was intensified in obese animals that showed elevated macrophage and neutrophil activation in adipose tissue, enlargement of the spleen and accumulation of lipids in the liver and faeces. Despite the decrease in IFN-γ levels, the infection did not potentiated the expression of the Foxp3, IL-10 and IL-2 transcription factor for any of the infected groups, markers that could positively compensate the host from the damage caused by obesity.
Topics: Ancylostoma; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Cholesterol; Cricetinae; Female; Glucose; Humans; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-12; Liver; Male; Obesity; Oviposition; Triglycerides
PubMed: 31306675
DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2019.111200 -
Iranian Journal of Public Health Sep 2019Ancylostomiasis is a prevalent and global parasitic disease, including China. A systematic review is significant to understand the epidemiological features of hookworm... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Ancylostomiasis is a prevalent and global parasitic disease, including China. A systematic review is significant to understand the epidemiological features of hookworm and provide guidance for prevention and treatment.
METHODS
We systematically searched academic databases and assessed 944 papers published from 1955-2015 to establish the comprehensive analysis of prevalence of hookworm disease in China. We searched Chinese databases, including CNKI, Wanfang and VIP, for literature with the subject word "Ancylostomiasis and hookworm". The data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 software using Spearman correlation analysis. Results were statistically significant for a -value of <0.01.
RESULTS
The search yielded 532,151 cases from epidemiological investigation and 7294 cases based on hospital diagnosis. Hookworm infection was highest (15.83%) in Fujian province, with high rates also found in East China, Southwest China, Central China and Southern China and lower rates in Northwest China, North China and Northeast China. In terms of occupation, farmers had the highest proportion of infections (72.54%). There was no correlation between epidemiological investigations and hospital-diagnosed cases. However, there was significant positive correlation between hospital-diagnosed cases and misdiagnosed cases. The proportion of hospital-misdiagnosed cases was 32.80%.
CONCLUSION
Ancylostomiasis is a serious public health problem that negatively influences health and hinders socioeconomic development. Positive measures are required by both health services and individuals to prevent and control hookworm disease.
PubMed: 31700811
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal For Parasitology.... Dec 2018Infection with gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes is a major cause of chronic morbidity and economic burden around the world, particularly in low-resource settings.... (Review)
Review
Infection with gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes is a major cause of chronic morbidity and economic burden around the world, particularly in low-resource settings. Some parasitic nematode species, including the human-parasitic threadworm Strongyloides stercoralis and human-parasitic hookworms in the genera Ancylostoma and Necator, feature a soil-dwelling infective larval stage that seeks out hosts for infection using a variety of host-emitted sensory cues. Here, we review our current understanding of the behavioral responses of soil-dwelling infective larvae to host-emitted sensory cues, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate these responses. We also discuss the development of methods for transgenesis and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis in Strongyloides stercoralis and the closely related rat parasite Strongyloides ratti. These methods have established S. stercoralis and S. ratti as genetic model systems for gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes and are enabling more detailed investigations into the neural mechanisms that underlie the sensory-driven behaviors of this medically and economically important class of parasites.
Topics: Ancylostoma; Ancylostomiasis; Animals; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Larva; Necator; Nematoda; Nematode Infections; Rats; Sensation; Soil; Strongyloides ratti; Strongyloides stercoralis
PubMed: 30396862
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.10.008