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Molecular and Cellular Probes Aug 2014Human anisakiasis, a disease caused by Anisakis spp. (Nematoda), is often associated with clinical signs that are similar to those associated with bacterial or viral... (Review)
Review
Human anisakiasis, a disease caused by Anisakis spp. (Nematoda), is often associated with clinical signs that are similar to those associated with bacterial or viral gastroenteritis. With the globalisation of the seafood industry, the risk of humans acquiring anisakiasis in developed countries appears to be underestimated. The importance of this disease is not only in its initial manifestation, which can often become chronic if the immune response does not eliminate the worm, but, importantly, in its subsequent sensitisation of the human patient. This sensitisation to Anisakis-derived allergens can put the patient at risk of an allergic exacerbation upon secondary exposure. This article reviews some aspects of this food-borne disease and explains its link to chronic, allergic conditions in humans.
Topics: Animals; Anisakiasis; Anisakis; Antigens, Helminth; Food Safety; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Phylogeography; Seafood
PubMed: 24583228
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2014.02.003 -
Current Pediatric Reviews 2024Fish allergy is the important food allergies in childhood, often persisting into adulthood. It can cause severe hypersensitivity reactions, including fatal anaphylaxis;... (Review)
Review
Fish allergy is the important food allergies in childhood, often persisting into adulthood. It can cause severe hypersensitivity reactions, including fatal anaphylaxis; furthermore, avoiding-fish diet has negative nutritional and psychological effects. Recent research studies focus on epitope structures and aim to develop sensitive and specific diagnostic tools, which have a better correlation with clinical reactions. Protocols with hypoallergenic parvalbumin or other recombinant antigens are also under study and will likely lead to new immunotherapy protocols. IgE-mediated fish allergy differs substantially from other forms of immunological adverse reactions to fish, such as Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome and eosinophilic esophagitis. In addition, fish ingestion can cause non-immunological adverse reactions, such as in the case of scombroid poisoning, anisakiasis and toxic poisoning. This review aims to summarize the characteristics of the main immunological and non-immunological fish reactions, analyzing the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and therapy, with a particular focus on clinical management.
Topics: Child; Humans; Allergens; Anaphylaxis; Eosinophilic Esophagitis; Food Hypersensitivity; Seafood
PubMed: 38284339
DOI: 10.2174/0115733963267330230919094037 -
The American Journal of the Medical... Sep 2020
Topics: Adult; Animals; Anisakiasis; Endoscopy; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Humans; Japan; Larva; Perciformes; Raw Foods; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 32430110
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.04.021 -
The American Journal of Medicine May 2018
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Anisakiasis; Colonic Diseases; Colonoscopy; Humans; Male; Melena; Nausea; Young Adult
PubMed: 29229469
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.11.029 -
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Oct 2018
Topics: Aged; Anisakiasis; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Female; Humans; Stomach Diseases
PubMed: 29908176
DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2018.06.009 -
QJM : Monthly Journal of the... Apr 2017
PubMed: 28062739
DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcx009 -
Insights Into Imaging Feb 2017Radiologists seldom encounter parasitic diseases in their daily practice in most of Europe, although the incidence of these diseases is increasing due to migration and... (Review)
Review
Radiologists seldom encounter parasitic diseases in their daily practice in most of Europe, although the incidence of these diseases is increasing due to migration and tourism from/to endemic areas. Moreover, some parasitic diseases are still endemic in certain European regions, and immunocompromised individuals also pose a higher risk of developing these conditions. This article reviews and summarises the imaging findings of some of the most important and frequent human parasitic diseases, including information about the parasite's life cycle, pathophysiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, and treatment. We include malaria, amoebiasis, toxoplasmosis, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, echinococcosis, cysticercosis, clonorchiasis, schistosomiasis, fascioliasis, ascariasis, anisakiasis, dracunculiasis, and strongyloidiasis. The aim of this review is to help radiologists when dealing with these diseases or in cases where they are suspected. Teaching Points • Incidence of parasitic diseases is increasing due to migratory movements and travelling. • Some parasitic diseases are still endemic in certain regions in Europe. • Parasitic diseases can have complex life cycles often involving different hosts. • Prompt diagnosis and treatment is essential for patient management in parasitic diseases. • Radiologists should be able to recognise and suspect the most relevant parasitic diseases.
PubMed: 27882478
DOI: 10.1007/s13244-016-0525-2 -
Parasite Immunology Sep 2016Anisakis species are marine nematodes which can cause zoonotic infection in humans if consumed in raw, pickled or undercooked fish and seafood. Infection with Anisakis... (Review)
Review
Anisakis species are marine nematodes which can cause zoonotic infection in humans if consumed in raw, pickled or undercooked fish and seafood. Infection with Anisakis is associated with abdominal pain, nausea and diarrhoea and can lead to massive infiltration of eosinophils and formation of granulomas in the gastrointestinal tract if the larvae are not removed. Re-infection leads to systemic allergic reactions such as urticarial or anaphylaxis in some individuals, making Anisakis an important source of hidden allergens in seafood. This review summarizes the immunopathology associated with Anisakis infection. Anisakiasis and gastroallergic reactions can be prevented by consuming only fish that has been frozen to -20°C to the core for at least 24 hours before preparation. Sensitization to Anisakis proteins can also occur, primarily due to occupational exposure to infested fish, and can lead to dermatitis, rhinoconjunctivitis or asthma. In this case, exposure to fish should be avoided.
Topics: Animals; Anisakiasis; Anisakis; Fishes; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Larva; Seafood; Zoonoses
PubMed: 27428817
DOI: 10.1111/pim.12349 -
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Oct 2022Anisakiasis is a parasitic infection caused by ingesting raw or undercooked fish and seafood infected with Anisakis larvae. Anisakis genus is mostly found in the mucosal...
Anisakiasis is a parasitic infection caused by ingesting raw or undercooked fish and seafood infected with Anisakis larvae. Anisakis genus is mostly found in the mucosal or submucosal layer of the stomach and intestine. However, the reports of anisakiasis in tonsils are highly uncommon. A 54-year-old woman with clinical features of sore throat and foreign-body sensation for 10 days after eating raw and undercooked fish. A wriggling worm was noted beneath the mucosa of the right palatine tonsil upon endoscopic examination. The worm was immediately removed completely and histological examination revealed anisakiasis. Reports of anisakia-sis in the tonsils are scarce, but it should be considered at the initial physical examination of patients who visit the hospital for sore throat after eating raw fish. We report a case of anisakiasis in the palatine tonsils, which to date has been rarely reported in the literature.
Topics: Animals; Anisakiasis; Anisakis; Humans; Larva; Palatine Tonsil; Pharyngitis; Seafood
PubMed: 35184111
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000008580 -
Research in Veterinary Science Oct 2020Anisakiasis or anisakiosis is a human parasitic infection caused by the third-stage larvae (L3) of nematodes of the genus Anisakis, although the term is also used in... (Review)
Review
Anisakiasis or anisakiosis is a human parasitic infection caused by the third-stage larvae (L3) of nematodes of the genus Anisakis, although the term is also used in medical literature for the much less frequent (<3% of cases) infection by L3 of other genera of anisakids, particularly Pseudoterranova. These parasites have a marine lifecycle. Humans are infected by the L3 through ingesting of fish and squid, the intermediate/paratenic hosts. The live larvae generally penetrate the wall of the stomach or intestine causing, among other symptoms, intense pain or allergic symptoms. These are emerging, cosmopolite illnesses. Diagnosis and treatment is usually by endoscopy and extraction and identification of the larvae. Allergic forms are usually diagnosed by prick-test and/or allergen-specific IgE detection and treated with a suitable anti-allergy treatment. The patient is also warned against further consumption of marine fish or squid, as these may be infected with Anisakis. The most common method of prevention is thermal treatment of the entire fish or squid prior to consumption (>60 °C, >1 min or - 20 °C, >24 h). Useful measures for the control of anisakiasis would be to establish a national register of cases, to initiate educational campaigns for the general public and consciousness-raising and training campaigns for health professionals. These would be complemented by control measures for the relevant sectors of the economy: fish operators, fish farming, fishermen, fishmongers, fish industry and catering facilities. Possible genetic predisposition for allergy to Anisakis and the possible relationship between anisakiasis and cancer would also require further investigation.
Topics: Animals; Anisakiasis; Anisakis; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Fishes; Food Parasitology; Humans; Zoonoses
PubMed: 32828066
DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.08.003