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Revue Medicale Suisse Apr 2022Anisakis simplex is a parasitic worm. It infects marine mammals that feed on fish and cephalopods, its intermediary hosts. Human disease is caused by accidental...
Anisakis simplex is a parasitic worm. It infects marine mammals that feed on fish and cephalopods, its intermediary hosts. Human disease is caused by accidental ingestion of Anisakis larvae. Upon consumption of contaminated fish, cuttlefish or squid, human may develop two distinct clinical pictures: Anisakiasis is provoked by living larvae penetrating the digestive mucosa. Allergy is caused by IgE-mediate hypersensitivity to living or dead larvae in a previously sensitized individual. Anisakiasis may manifests with violent epi gastric pain, acute abdomen or eosinophilic gastroenteritis. The larvae may be visualized by endoscopy or histology. The main Anisakis allergens are not denaturated by heat or cold and resist to digestion. Allergy diagnosis relies on careful history and detection of specific IgE.
Topics: Animals; Anisakiasis; Anisakis; Fishes; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin E; Larva; Mammals; Seafood
PubMed: 35385613
DOI: 10.53738/REVMED.2022.18.776.634 -
European Journal of Internal Medicine Jul 2022
Topics: Abdomen; Anisakiasis; Humans; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 35337717
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2022.03.022 -
Arerugi = [Allergy] 2024
PubMed: 38522938
DOI: 10.15036/arerugi.73.215 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Oct 2022Using data from 2018-2019 health insurance claims, we estimated the average annual incidence of anisakiasis in Japan to be 19,737 cases. Molecular identification of...
Using data from 2018-2019 health insurance claims, we estimated the average annual incidence of anisakiasis in Japan to be 19,737 cases. Molecular identification of larvae revealed that most (88.4%) patients were infected with the species Anisakis simplex sensu stricto. Further insights into the pathogenesis of various anisakiasis forms are needed.
Topics: Animals; Anisakiasis; Anisakis; Humans; Incidence; Japan; Larva
PubMed: 36148963
DOI: 10.3201/eid2810.220627 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2022Anisakiasis is a zoonosis caused by the ingestion of raw or undercooked seafood infected with third-stage larvae (L3) of the marine nematode . Based on L3 localization... (Review)
Review
Anisakiasis is a zoonosis caused by the ingestion of raw or undercooked seafood infected with third-stage larvae (L3) of the marine nematode . Based on L3 localization in human accidental hosts, gastric, intestinal or ectopic (extra-gastrointestinal) anisakiasis can occur, in association with mild to severe symptoms of an allergic nature. Given the increasing consumption of fish worldwide, the European Food Safety Authority declared as an emerging pathogen. Despite its importance for public health and economy, the scientific literature is largely characterized by taxonomic, systematic and ecological studies, while investigations on clinical aspects, such as the inflammatory and immune response during anisakiasis, using a proper model that simulates the niche of infection are still very scarce. The aims of this review are to describe the clinical features of anisakiasis, to report the main evidence from the in vivo and in vitro studies carried out to date, highlighting limitations, and to propose future perspectives in the study field of anisakiasis.
PubMed: 35335609
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030285 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Dec 2020Nematodes of the Anisakidae family have the ability to infest a wide variety of aquatic hosts during the development of their larval stages, mainly marine mammals,... (Review)
Review
Nematodes of the Anisakidae family have the ability to infest a wide variety of aquatic hosts during the development of their larval stages, mainly marine mammals, aquatic birds, such as pelicans, and freshwater fish, such crucian carp, these being the hosts where the life cycle is completed. The participation of intermediate hosts such as cephalopods, shrimp, crustaceans and marine fish, is an important part of this cycle. Due to morphological changes and updates to the genetic information of the different members of the family, the purpose of this review was to carry out a bibliographic search of the genus and species of the Anisakidae family identified by molecular tests, as well as the geographical area in which they were collected. The Anisakidae family is made up of eight different parasitic genera and 46 different species. Those of clinical importance to human health are highlighted: , . , , , . , . and . . The geographical distribution of these genera and species is located mainly in the European continent, Asia and South America, as well as in North and Central America and Australia. Based on the information collected from the Anisakidae family, it was determined that the geographical distribution is affected by different environmental factors, the host and the ability of the parasite itself to adapt. Its ability to adapt to the human organism has led to it being considered as a zoonotic agent. The disease in humans manifests nonspecifically, however the consumption of raw or semi-raw seafood is crucial information to link the presentation of the parasite with the disease. The use of morphological and molecular tests is of utmost importance for the correct diagnosis of the genus and species of the Anisakidae family.
PubMed: 33322260
DOI: 10.3390/ani10122374 -
Clinical Imaging 2018Gastrointestinal anisakiasis is an uncommon zoonotic parasitic infection caused by consumption of raw or undercooked seafood infected with nematodes of genus Anisakis....
Gastrointestinal anisakiasis is an uncommon zoonotic parasitic infection caused by consumption of raw or undercooked seafood infected with nematodes of genus Anisakis. Given the non-specific clinical presentation of acute abdomen, nausea, and vomiting these patients are often subject to radiologic imaging. We present ultrasound and computed tomography imaging features in a case of gastric anisakiasis demonstrating characteristic features of diffuse gastric submucosal edema, perigastric stranding and trace ascites that helped to further elaborate the clinical history of uncooked fish consumption prompting timely endoscopic diagnosis and management.
Topics: Adult; Anisakiasis; Female; Humans; Seafood; Stomach; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 29738996
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2018.04.018 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Dec 2017This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of unenhanced computed tomography (CT) for distinguishing gastric anisakiasis from non-anisakiasis gastric...
PURPOSE
This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of unenhanced computed tomography (CT) for distinguishing gastric anisakiasis from non-anisakiasis gastric conditions and the reproducibility of CT findings.
METHODS
Fifty-six anisakiasis and 74 non-anisakiasis cases with gastric wall thickening on urgent observation using unenhanced CT were included. Using a κ analysis, two radiologists independently assessed the reproducibility of CT findings, including "circumferential gastric wall thickening," "gastric wall thickening extending more than two segments," "bulky and low-density gastric wall thickening," "increase in peri-gastric fat density," and "ascites." An anisakiasis diagnostic score (ADS) was developed for this study and was used to quantitatively evaluate the CT findings. An anisakiasis diagnostic prediction (ADP) with an appropriate cutoff value was used to further evaluate the ADS. Two radiologists reassessed the findings in consensus to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the CT findings, including the ADP and ADS area under the curve (AUC).
RESULTS
Considering reproducibility, a substantial agreement (0.6 < κ < 0.8) was achieved for all findings except "circumferential gastric wall thickening" (κ = 0.499), whereas for diagnostic performance, all findings except ascites were significantly more frequent among the anisakiasis cases. "Bulky and low-density gastric wall thickening" had the highest sensitivity (98%), whereas "gastric wall thickening extending more than two segments" had the highest specificity (80%). The ADP sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 91%, 84%, and 87%, respectively. The AUC was 0.902 (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Unenhanced CT findings are useful for distinguishing anisakiasis from non-anisakiasis gastric conditions with sufficient reproducibility.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anisakiasis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 28643138
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-017-1214-4 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Aug 2019To analyze the clinical and endoscopic features of colonic anisakiasis. A retrospective chart review of 20 patients with colonic anisakiasis, who were diagnosed by...
To analyze the clinical and endoscopic features of colonic anisakiasis. A retrospective chart review of 20 patients with colonic anisakiasis, who were diagnosed by colonoscopy at 8 hospitals between January 2002 and December 2011, was performed. Patients' mean age was 53.6±10.74 years. Seventy percent patients were men. Acute abdominal pain was a common symptom that mostly developed within 48 hr after the ingestion of raw fish, and which lasted for 1-28 days. Sixty percent patients had ingested raw fish before the diagnosis of colonic anisakiasis and 40% patients were incidentally found to have colonic anisakiasis during the screening colonoscopies. Leukocytosis and eosinophilia were each found in 20% of the patients. In all patients who underwent colonoscopy, the worms were removed with biopsy forceps, except in 1 case, and a definite diagnosis of anisakiasis was made. In some cases of colonic anisakiasis, colonoscopy may be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment to avoid surgical intervention.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anisakiasis; Colonic Diseases; Colonoscopy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Raw Foods; Republic of Korea; Retrospective Studies; Seafood
PubMed: 31533408
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.4.411 -
Clinical Case Reports Feb 2022Colonic anisakiasis is rare because most cases of anisakiasis occur in the stomach. An accurate diagnosis is sometimes difficult because of the rarity and symptom...
Colonic anisakiasis is rare because most cases of anisakiasis occur in the stomach. An accurate diagnosis is sometimes difficult because of the rarity and symptom nonspecificity. We should consider the possibility of colonic anisakiasis when examining patients who have a history of consuming raw fish.
PubMed: 35154736
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5445