-
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2015
Topics: Adult; Animals; Anisakiasis; Colonic Diseases; Decapodiformes; Female; Food Parasitology; Humans; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25786462
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.3649 -
Genes Jul 2020Advancements in technologies employed in high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods are supporting the spread of studies that, combined with advances in... (Review)
Review
Advancements in technologies employed in high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods are supporting the spread of studies that, combined with advances in computational biology and bioinformatics, have greatly accelerated discoveries within basic and biomedical research for many parasitic diseases. Here, we review the most updated "omic" studies performed on anisakid nematodes, a family of marine parasites that are causative agents of the fish-borne zoonosis known as anisakiasis or anisakidosis. Few deposited data on genomes are so far available, and this still hinders the deep and highly accurate characterization of biological aspects of interest, even as several transcriptomic and proteomic studies are becoming available. These have been aimed at discovering and characterizing molecules specific to peculiar developmental parasitic stages or tissues, as well as transcripts with pathogenic potential as toxins and allergens, with a broad relevance for a better understanding of host-pathogen relationships and for the development of reliable diagnostic tools.
Topics: Animals; Anisakiasis; Anisakis; Genomics; Proteome; Transcriptome
PubMed: 32679891
DOI: 10.3390/genes11070801 -
Gastroenterology Jan 2024
Topics: Animals; Humans; Anisakis; Anisakiasis
PubMed: 37329961
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.06.011 -
PloS One 2019In South Korea, Health Insurance Review and Assessment claims data contain comprehensive information on healthcare services for almost the entire population. The present... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
In South Korea, Health Insurance Review and Assessment claims data contain comprehensive information on healthcare services for almost the entire population. The present study used claims data on parasitic diseases from 2011 to 2018, and associated medical expenses to investigate infection trends associated with endemic parasitic diseases in South Korea, including those not monitored by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
METHODS
Basic data regarding each parasitic disease were curated from the Healthcare Bigdata Hub (http://opendata.hira.or.kr). Ten endemic parasitic diseases, three pandemic protozoan diseases, and three ectoparasitic diseases were evaluated between 2011 and 2018. Data on each parasitic disease included the number of patients of each sex, age range within 5 years, province, and total medical expenses. Heatmap and principal component analysis were performed to visualize the incidence pattern of parasitic diseases by provinces.
RESULTS
Clonorchiasis and pinworm infections decreased remarkably from 6,097 and 4,018 infections in 2011 to 3,008 and 1,988 infections in 2018, respectively. Other endemic parasitic diseases mostly declined or remained steady over the 8-year period, except for anisakiasis, which doubled from 409 in 2011 to 818 in 2018. Provinces close to North Korea had a higher frequency of claims for Plasmodium vivax infection. The highest rate of clonorchiasis was in Gyeongsangnam-do, while that of anisakiasis was in southern Korea. Jeju province had the highest number of claims for cysticercosis, anisakiasis, pinworm infection, and soil-transmitted helminth infections. The total medical expense for anisakiasis was 65 million Korean won (57,000 US$) in 2011, rising to 237 million Korean won (206,000 US$) in 2018. The medical expense for trichomoniasis was 6,063 million won and for scabies was 1,669 million won in 2018. Since the claims data include only data reported by healthcare providers, some discrepancies might have occurred.
CONCLUSION
Our findings provide the basis for a health policy to reduce further infections and medical expense.
Topics: Clonorchiasis; Databases, Factual; Enterobiasis; Health Expenditures; Humans; National Health Programs; Parasitic Diseases; Principal Component Analysis; Republic of Korea
PubMed: 31770393
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225508 -
Parasitology International Apr 2020Little is known in the difference of host factors between intestinal and gastric anisakiasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the associated factors of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Little is known in the difference of host factors between intestinal and gastric anisakiasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the associated factors of intestinal anisakiasis in patient's characteristics and the subsequent variation compared to gastric anisakiasis.
METHODS
At St. Luke's International Hospital in Tokyo, Japan, a retrospective cohort study was conducted from April 2004 to June 2017. All adult patients who were clinically diagnosed as anisakiasis based on Computed Tomography (CT) scan or endoscopy were included, and anti-Anisakis antibodies (IgG and IgA) were measured for serological validation of anisakiasis, strengthen the diagnosis. Anisakiasis was categorized as either intestinal or gastric depending on its affected site. We compared patients' demographics, social history, and physical and laboratory findings between those with intestinal and gastric anisakiasis by bivariate analyses, followed by multivariate analyses.
RESULTS
A total of 302 patients were included in this study, where the mean age (SD) was 46.5 (14.4) and 66.6% were male. Ninety-two patients (30.5%) had intestinal anisakiasis. Multivariate regression revealed that patients with intestinal anisakiasis were more 45 years old or older (odds ratio (OR) 3.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.53-7.69), male (OR 2.70, 95% CI: 1.20-6.25) and regular alcohol drinker. In terms of the physical and laboratory findings, patients with intestinal anisakiasis had greater heart rate (OR 2.86, 95% CI: 1.33-6.25), higher total protein (OR 2.86, 95% CI: 1.16-6.67), and higher C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR 11.1, 95% CI: 3.03-33.3).
CONCLUSIONS
Older males who were regular alcohol drinkers were associated with intestinal anisakiasis, and often heart rate, total protein, and CRP were elevated compared to those of patients with gastric anisakiasis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Anisakiasis; Anisakis; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Intestines; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Stomach
PubMed: 31730806
DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.102024 -
International Journal For Parasitology May 2015Gastro-allergic anisakiasis and Anisakis sensitisation associated chronic urticaria are diseases which differ in their IgE and IgG4 responses against both crude extract...
Gastro-allergic anisakiasis and Anisakis sensitisation associated chronic urticaria are diseases which differ in their IgE and IgG4 responses against both crude extract and specific allergens. Anisakis and Ascaris are closely related nematodes that usually cause problems with specificity in immunodiagnostics. In this study we measured IgE and IgG4 antibodies against Anisakis simplex sensu lato (s. l.) and Ascaris suum haemoglobins in sera of 21 gastro-allergic anisakiasis and 23 chronic urticaria patients. We used a capture ELISA with the anti-Anisakis haemoglobin monoclonal antibody 4E8g, which also recognises Ascaris haemoglobin. In addition, we determined specific IgE and IgG4 to both nematodes by indirect ELISA and immunoblotting. Anti-A. simplex s. l. haemoglobin IgE and IgG4 levels were higher in gastro-allergic anisakiasis than in chronic urticaria patients (P=0.002 and 0.026, respectively). Surprisingly, no patient had detectable IgE levels against A. suum haemoglobin. Finally, we carried out an in silico study of the B-cell epitopes of both haemoglobin molecules. Five epitopes were predicted in Anisakis pegreffii and four in A. suum haemoglobin. The epitope propensity values of Anisakis haemoglobin in the equivalent IgE binding region of the allergenic haemoglobin Chi t 1 from Chironomus thummi, were higher those of the Ascaris haemoglobin. In conclusion, we describe A. simplex haemoglobin as a new major allergen (Ani s 13), being recognised by a large number (64.3%) of sensitised patients and up to 80.9% in patients with gastro-allergic anisakiasis. The presence of a specific epitope and the different values of epitope propensity between Anisakis and Ascaris haemoglobin could explain the lack of cross-reactivity between the two molecules. The absence of IgE reactivity to Ascaris haemoglobin in Anisakis patients makes Anisakis haemoglobin (Ani s 13) a potential candidate for developing more specific diagnosis tools.
Topics: Allergens; Animals; Anisakis; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte; Helminth Proteins; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Immunoglobulin G; Models, Molecular; Protein Conformation
PubMed: 25683373
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.01.002 -
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine Jun 2021Fish-borne parasites have been part of the global landscape of food-borne zoonotic diseases for many decades and are often endemic in certain regions of the world. The... (Review)
Review
Fish-borne parasites have been part of the global landscape of food-borne zoonotic diseases for many decades and are often endemic in certain regions of the world. The past 20 years or so have seen the expansion of the range of fish-borne parasitic zoonoses to new geographic regions leading to a substantial public health burden. In this article, we summarize current knowledge about the biology, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and control of selected fish-borne helminthic diseases caused by parasitic roundworm (), tapeworm (), and fluke (). Humans acquire infection via consumption of raw or improperly cooked fish or fish products. The burden from these diseases is caused by morbidity rather than mortality. Infected patients may present with mild to severe gastrointestinal (eg, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and indigestion) or allergic manifestations. Patients are often admitted to the hospital or clinic with acute symptoms and no prior health problems and no travel history. Diagnosis is often established based on the detection of the diagnostic parasite stages (eg, eggs or tapeworm segments) in the patient's feces. Sometimes imaging is required to exclude other causes and avoid unnecessary surgery. and are mainly treated with praziquantel. Extraction of adult or larvae from the bowel ensures complete elimination of the parasites and prevents a relapse of infection. The development and implementation of more efficient food safety and public health strategies to reduce the burden of zoonotic diseases attributable to fish-borne parasites is highly desirable.
Topics: Animals; Biology; Fishes; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Parasites; Zoonoses
PubMed: 34211350
DOI: No ID Found -
Insights Into Imaging Nov 2023To assess the frequency of appearance of various signs (isolated and grouped) in emergency imaging tests in patients with anisakiasis, according to the location of...
BACKGROUND
To assess the frequency of appearance of various signs (isolated and grouped) in emergency imaging tests in patients with anisakiasis, according to the location of gastrointestinal tract involvement.
METHODS
Retrospective review by two experienced radiologists of emergency ultrasounds and CTs performed on patients admitted in the Emergency Department of our hospital with later confirmed anisakiasis (2010-2021), assessing the presence of signs suggesting anisakiasis. Calculation of the frequency of appearance according to the gastric or intestinal location, as well as the most common grouped signs.
RESULTS
Out of 231 total patients with anisakiasis, imaging studies were performed in 144: abdominopelvic ultrasound in 43 cases and CT in 111 (both techniques in 31). In cases with gastric occurrence (34), in CT the wall stratification (100%), wall thickening (97%), fat stranding (91%) and ascitic fluid (82%) were predominant. In the intestinal cases (105), in CT (95) the wall thickening (100%), fat stranding (92%) and mesenteric vessel engorgement (83%) were usual; in ultrasound (40), ascitic fluid and wall thickening (70% in both cases) were frequently observed. The frequency of grouped appearance of the mentioned signs was 82% in gastric cases, 80% in intestinal cases and 50% in ultrasounds. Multisegment involvement in CT reached 28% (gastric + intestinal) and 11% (only intestinal) of cases.
CONCLUSIONS
The most frequent CT findings in patients with gastric anisakiasis are wall stratification and thickening, fat stranding and ascitic fluid. In the intestinal cases, wall thickening, fat oedema and vessel engorgement are the most often observed findings.
CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT
The presence of different radiological signs makes it advisable to include anisakiasis in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen. Intestinal and multifocal involvement rates are greater than previously reported.
KEY POINTS
• In gastric anisakiasis, CT frequently shows wall stratification and thickening, fat stranding and ascitic fluid. • In intestinal anisakiasis, CT often presents wall thickening, fat stranding and vessel engorgement. • In intestinal anisakiasis, ultrasounds most frequently show ascitic fluid and wall thickening.
PubMed: 37953399
DOI: 10.1186/s13244-023-01511-9 -
Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine :... Sep 2020To evaluate the ultrasound (US) findings of gastrointestinal anisakiasis and the utility of US in its early diagnosis.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the ultrasound (US) findings of gastrointestinal anisakiasis and the utility of US in its early diagnosis.
METHODS
We retrospectively assessed the imaging findings and clinical data of 21 patients with gastrointestinal anisakiasis. Diagnosis was confirmed by a positive antigen (n = 16), endoscopy (n = 2), or a compatible clinical presentation, physical examination, and history of raw fish consumption (n = 3). Ultrasound findings reviewed included segmental circumferential bowel wall thickening, segmental edema of the valvulae conniventes, dilated small bowel loops with hyperperistalsis or hypoperistalsis, free fluid, and color Doppler hyperemia.
RESULTS
Segmental circumferential bowel wall thickening was present in all 21 patients, whereas segmental edema of the valvulae conniventes was visualized in 13 patients, moderately dilated small-bowel loops proximal to the affected segment with increased peristalsis in 14 patients, small-to-moderate ascites in 18 patients, and color Doppler hyperemia in 7 patients. The US evaluation ruled out a surgical pathologic examination in all patients, and the diagnosis of anisakiasis was suggested by the radiologist on the basis of US findings in 12 patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Familiarity with the suggestive US presentation of intestinal anisakiasis may allow the radiologist to propose the diagnosis of this overlooked cause of abdominal pain and may also prompt an investigation of recent raw or lightly cooked seafood ingestion. Ultrasound findings of bowel wall thickening, especially segmental edema of the valvulae conniventes, hyperperistalsis, and dilatation of small-bowel loops proximal to the affected segment, ascites, and color Doppler hyperemia, along with a history of raw fish ingestion should aid the radiologist in the diagnosis of anisakiasis.
Topics: Animals; Anisakiasis; Humans; Intestine, Small; Intestines; Retrospective Studies; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 32154595
DOI: 10.1002/jum.15268 -
Case Reports in Gastroenterology 2020Most cases of anisakiasis occur in the stomach. Colonic anisakiasis, especially when asymptomatic, is extremely rare. We report a case of asymptomatic colonic...
Most cases of anisakiasis occur in the stomach. Colonic anisakiasis, especially when asymptomatic, is extremely rare. We report a case of asymptomatic colonic anisakiasis and present a literature review of cases of colonic anisakiasis. A 52-year-old man underwent colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening. Although no colorectal neoplasm was found, an larva was detected in the transverse colon and the larva was removed by grasping forceps. Our review of PubMed revealed that 40% of cases of colonic anisakiasis are asymptomatic. We conclude that asymptomatic colonic anisakiasis may not be as rare as conventionally assumed.
PubMed: 33250702
DOI: 10.1159/000508822