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Plant Physiology Nov 2022A plant's oxygen supply can vary from normal (normoxia) to total depletion (anoxia). Tolerance to anoxia is relevant to wetland species, rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation,...
A plant's oxygen supply can vary from normal (normoxia) to total depletion (anoxia). Tolerance to anoxia is relevant to wetland species, rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation, and submergence tolerance of crops. Decoding and transmitting calcium (Ca) signals may be an important component to anoxia tolerance; however, the contribution of intracellular Ca transporters to this process is poorly understood. Four functional cation/proton exchangers (CAX1-4) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) help regulate Ca homeostasis around the vacuole. Our results demonstrate that cax1 mutants are more tolerant to both anoxic conditions and submergence. Using phenotypic measurements, RNA-sequencing, and proteomic approaches, we identified cax1-mediated anoxia changes that phenocopy changes present in anoxia-tolerant crops: altered metabolic processes, diminished reactive oxygen species production post anoxia, and altered hormone signaling. Comparing wild-type and cax1 expressing genetically encoded Ca indicators demonstrated altered cytosolic Ca signals in cax1 during reoxygenation. Anoxia-induced Ca signals around the plant vacuole are involved in the control of numerous signaling events related to adaptation to low oxygen stress. This work suggests that cax1 anoxia response pathway could be engineered to circumvent the adverse effects of flooding that impair production agriculture.
Topics: Humans; Vacuoles; Calcium; Antiporters; Protons; Proteomics; Cation Transport Proteins; Arabidopsis; Hypoxia; Oxygen
PubMed: 35972350
DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac375 -
The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine Sep 2023
Topics: Child; Humans; Respiration Disorders; Hypoxia; Pneumonia
PubMed: 37657850
DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(23)00300-4 -
Injury Prevention : Journal of the... May 2024Early identification of non-fatal strangulation in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV) is crucial due to its severe physical and psychological consequences...
BACKGROUND
Early identification of non-fatal strangulation in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV) is crucial due to its severe physical and psychological consequences for the individual experiencing it. This study investigates the under-reported and underestimated burden of IPV-related non-fatal strangulation by analysing assault-related injuries leading to anoxia and neck injuries.
METHODS
An IRB-exempt, retrospective review of prospectively collected data were performed using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Programme data from 2005 to 2019 for all assaults resulting in anoxia and neck injuries. The type and mechanism of assault injuries resulting in anoxia (excluding drowning, poisoning and aspiration), anatomical location of assault-related neck injuries and neck injury diagnosis by morphology, were analysed using statistical methods accounting for the weighted stratified nature of the data.
RESULTS
Out of a total of 24 493 518 assault-related injuries, 11.6% (N=2 842 862) resulted from IPV (defined as perpetrators being spouses/partners). Among 22 764 cases of assault-related anoxia, IPV accounted for 40.4%. Inhalation and suffocation were the dominant mechanisms (60.8%) of anoxia, with IPV contributing to 41.9% of such cases. Neck injuries represented only 3.0% of all assault-related injuries, with IPV accounting for 21% of all neck injuries and 31.9% of neck contusions.
CONCLUSIONS
The study reveals a significant burden of IPV-related anoxia and neck injuries, highlighting the importance of recognising IPV-related strangulation. Comprehensive screening for IPV should be conducted in patients with unexplained neck injuries, and all IPV patients should be screened for strangulation events.
Topics: Humans; Neck Injuries; Male; Female; Emergency Service, Hospital; Retrospective Studies; Adult; United States; Asphyxia; Intimate Partner Violence; Middle Aged; Adolescent; Hypoxia; Young Adult
PubMed: 38071575
DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-045107 -
Comparative Biochemistry and... Mar 2021In contrast to most vertebrates, freshwater turtles of the genera Trachemys and Chrysemys survive total oxygen deprivation for long periods of time. This remarkable... (Review)
Review
In contrast to most vertebrates, freshwater turtles of the genera Trachemys and Chrysemys survive total oxygen deprivation for long periods of time. This remarkable tolerance makes them ideal August Krogh's model animals to study adaptions to survive oxygen deprivation. The gasotransmitters nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (HS) and their metabolic derivatives are central in regulating the physiological responses to oxygen deprivation. Here, we explore the role of these signaling molecules in the anoxia tolerance of the freshwater turtle, including metabolic suppression and protection against oxidative damage with oxygen deprivation. We describe the interaction of NO and HS with protein thiols and specifically how this regulates the function of central metabolic enzymes. These interactions contribute both to metabolic suppression and to prevent oxidative damage with oxygen deprivation. Furthermore, NO and HS interact with ferrous and ferric heme iron, respectively, which affects the activity of central heme proteins. In turtles, these interactions contribute to regulate oxygen consumption in the mitochondria, as well as vascular tone and blood flow during oxygen deprivation. The versatile biological effects of NO and HS underscore the importance of these volatile signaling molecules in the remarkable tolerance of freshwater turtles to oxygen deprivation.
Topics: Animals; Hydrogen Sulfide; Hypoxia; Nitric Oxide; Signal Transduction; Turtles
PubMed: 33276130
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110857 -
Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift... Apr 2023In case of hypoxemia, the oxygen content is often still in the lower normal range, so that there is no hypoxia in the tissue. If the hypoxia-threshold is reached in the... (Review)
Review
In case of hypoxemia, the oxygen content is often still in the lower normal range, so that there is no hypoxia in the tissue. If the hypoxia-threshold is reached in the tissue in hypoxic, anemic and also cardiac-related hypoxemia, identical counterregulations occur in the cell metabolism, regardless of the cause of hypoxemia. In clinical practice, this pathophysiologic fact is sometimes ignored, although depending on the cause of hypoxemia, assessment and therapy vary widely. While restrictive and generally accepted rules are specified in the transfusion guidelines for anemic hypoxemia, in the case of hypoxic hypoxia, the indication for invasive ventilation is made very early. The clinical assessment and indication are limited to the parameters oxygen saturation, oxygen partial pressure and oxygenation index. During the corona pandemic, misinterpretations of pathophysiology have become evident and may have led to unnecessary intubations. However, there is no evidence for the treatment of hypoxic hypoxia with ventilation. This review addresses the pathophysiology of the different types of hypoxia focusing on the problems associated with intubation and ventilation in the intensive care unit.
Topics: Humans; Hypoxia; Anemia; Lung; Intensive Care Units; Oxygen
PubMed: 36990120
DOI: 10.1055/a-2007-5450 -
No Shinkei Geka. Neurological Surgery Nov 2023Cardiac arrest causes cerebral anoxia, resulting in loss of consciousness within seconds and irreversible brain damage within 3-5 min. Emergency resuscitation is...
Cardiac arrest causes cerebral anoxia, resulting in loss of consciousness within seconds and irreversible brain damage within 3-5 min. Emergency resuscitation is generally performed on patients in cardiopulmonary or near-cardiopulmonary arrest, i.e., life-threatening conditions, and requires rapid stabilization of the airway, breathing, and circulation(or "ABC")to maintain cerebral perfusion. Generally, the ABC approach represents the order of medical treatment for critically ill patients. It provides supportive care(resuscitation)after ensuring the flow of oxygen supply necessary to sustain life. The most important goal in emergency resuscitation is to ensure a secure airway, without which, resuscitation is hopeless. Clinicians should be prepared daily to avoid missing any opportunity to ensure a secure airway. Even in cardiac arrest, high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation is necessary to reduce the duration of cerebral anoxia. An algorithm for this high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation is described in this article.
Topics: Humans; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Heart Arrest; Oxygen; Hypoxia, Brain
PubMed: 38011872
DOI: 10.11477/mf.1436204844 -
Mayo Clinic Proceedings Nov 2023
Topics: Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Respiration Disorders; Adult
PubMed: 37923527
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.03.025 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2022Sucrose nonfermenting-1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) is a central integrator of plant stress and energy starvation signalling pathways. We found that the...
Sucrose nonfermenting-1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) is a central integrator of plant stress and energy starvation signalling pathways. We found that the -overexpression (OE) roots had a higher respiratory rate and tolerance to waterlogging than the -RNAi roots, suggesting that plays a positive role in the regulation of anaerobic respiration under waterlogging. upregulated the activity of anaerobic respiration-related enzymes including hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK), pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). also enhanced the ability to quench reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities. We sequenced the transcriptomes of the roots of both wild-type (WT) and -RNAi plants, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were clearly enriched in the defence response, response to biotic stimuli, and cellular carbohydrate metabolic process. In addition, 42 genes involved in glycolysis and 30 genes involved in pyruvate metabolism were significantly regulated in -RNAi roots. We analysed the transcript levels of two anoxia-related genes and three , and the results showed that , , and were upregulated in response to , indicating that may be involved in the ethylene signalling pathway to improve waterlogging tolerance. In conclusion, increases the expression of and further activates anoxia response genes, thereby enhancing anaerobic respiration metabolism in response to low-oxygen conditions during waterlogging.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Fragaria; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Hypoxia; Plant Roots; Respiratory Rate
PubMed: 35563305
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094914 -
Molecular and Cellular Probes Oct 2020Cardiac microvascular damage, which is often caused by anoxia and hypoglycemia, is associated with the development of cardiac injury. DJ-1 encodes a peptidase C56...
Cardiac microvascular damage, which is often caused by anoxia and hypoglycemia, is associated with the development of cardiac injury. DJ-1 encodes a peptidase C56 protein family related protein, is has been linked to oxidative stress in various cells such as neurons, COPD epithelial cells, and macrophages. However, the effect of DJ-1 towards oxidative stress caused by anoxia and hypoglycemia of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMEC) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role and underlying molecular mechanism of DJ-1 in CMEC with anoxia/hypoglycemic (A/H) injury. We found that the mRNA and the protein expression of DJ-1 in CMEC with A/H injury were significantly downregulated. DJ-1 overexpression by pcDNA.3.1-DJ-1 transfection elevated cell viability while it inhibited LDH leakage, cell apoptosis, caspase-3 activity, ROS level, and MDA contents, while knockdown of DJ-1 has the opposite results. In addition, tube formation was increased in DJ-1 overexpression, while it was decreased in DJ-1 knockdown CMEC with A/H injury. In addition, our results indicated that DJ-1 can regulate glutathione (GSH) levels by modulating AKT activity in CMEC with A/H injury. The downregulation of AKT and GSH may remove the protective role of DJ-1 against A/H injury in CMEC. Taken together, this study showed that DJ-1 upregulation protected CMEC against A/H injury via the AKT/GSH signaling pathway.
Topics: Cell Line; Cell Survival; Down-Regulation; Endothelial Cells; Glutathione; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoxia; Microvessels; Models, Biological; Protein Deglycase DJ-1; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Reactive Oxygen Species; Reperfusion Injury
PubMed: 32445781
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101600 -
Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires Sep 2022Although standard oxygen is the first-line therapy in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, high-flow nasal oxygen has gained major popularity in ICUs due... (Review)
Review
Although standard oxygen is the first-line therapy in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, high-flow nasal oxygen has gained major popularity in ICUs due to its simplicity of application, good comfort for patients, and efficiency in improving oxygenation. Physiological effects of high-flow oxygen therapy can limit the physiological consequences of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and may mitigate the deleterious effects of high and prolonged inspiratory efforts generated by patients. Although clinical studies have reported a decreased risk of intubation with high-flow oxygen therapy as compared with conventional oxygen therapy, its benefits with regard to survival are uncertain. However, a more precise definition of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure including a classification of severity levels based on oxygenation levels is needed, the objective being to better compare the efficiency of different non-invasive oxygenation supports (conventional oxygen therapy, high-flow oxygen and non-invasive ventilation). Moreover, other clinical trials are needed to confirm the place and the benefit of these oxygenation supports, particularly high-flow nasal oxygen therapy, in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, especially in the severe forms.
Topics: Humans; Hypoxia; Noninvasive Ventilation; Oxygen; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Respiratory Insufficiency
PubMed: 35918276
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2022.06.001