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Nutrients Apr 2020The study tested whether anserine (beta-alanyl-3-methyl-l-histidine), the active ingredient of chicken essence affects exercise-induced oxidative stress, cell integrity,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The study tested whether anserine (beta-alanyl-3-methyl-l-histidine), the active ingredient of chicken essence affects exercise-induced oxidative stress, cell integrity, and haematology biomarkers. In a randomized placebo-controlled repeated-measures design, ten healthy men ingested anserine in either a low dose (ANS-LD) 15 mg.kg.bw, high dose (ANS-HD) 30 mg.kg.bw, or placebo (PLA), following an exercise challenge (time to exhaustion), on three separate occasions. Anserine supplementation increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 50% ( < 0.001, effect size d = 0.8 for both ANS-LD and ANS-HD), and preserved catalase (CAT) activity suggesting an improved antioxidant activity. However, both ANS-LD and ANS-HD elevated glutathione disulfide (GSSG), (both < 0.001, main treatment effect), and consequently lowered the glutathione to glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) ratio compared with PLA ( < 0.01, main treatment effect), without significant effects on thiobarbituric acid active reactive substances (TBARS). Exercise-induced cell damage biomarkers of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and myoglobin were unaffected by anserine. There were slight but significant elevations in glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CKMB), especially in ANS-HD ( < 0.05) compared with ANS-LD or PLA. Haematological biomarkers were largely unaffected by anserine, its dose, and without interaction with post exercise time-course. However, compared with ANS-LD and PLA, ANS-HD increased the mean cell volume (MCV), and decreased the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) ( < 0.001). Anserine preserves cellular homoeostasis through enhanced antioxidant activity and protects cell integrity in healthy men, which is important for chronic disease prevention. However, anserine temporal elevated exercise-induced cell-damage, together with enhanced antioxidant activity and haematological responses suggest an augmented exercise-induced adaptative response and recovery.
Topics: Adult; Anserine; Antioxidants; Catalase; Cell Size; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Supplements; Exercise; Glutathione; Glutathione Disulfide; Healthy Volunteers; Hemoglobins; Homeostasis; Humans; Male; Oxidative Stress; Superoxide Dismutase; Young Adult
PubMed: 32325914
DOI: 10.3390/nu12041146 -
Amino Acids Aug 2021Carnosine, a naturally occurring dipeptide present in an omnivorous diet, has been shown to ameliorate the development of metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes (T2D) and...
Carnosine, a naturally occurring dipeptide present in an omnivorous diet, has been shown to ameliorate the development of metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes (T2D) and early- and advanced-stage diabetic nephropathy in different rodent models. Anserine, its methylated analogue, is more bio-available in humans upon supplementation without affecting its functionality. In this work, we investigated the effect of oral supplementation with anserine or carnosine on circulating and tissue anserine and carnosine levels and on the development of T2D and diabetic nephropathy in BTBR ob/ob mice. BTBR ob/ob mice were either supplemented with carnosine or anserine in drinking water (4 mM) for 18 weeks and compared with non-supplemented BTBR ob/ob and wild-type (WT) mice. Circulating and kidney, but not muscle, carnosine, and anserine levels were enhanced by supplementation with the respective dipeptides in ob/ob mice compared to non-treated ob/ob mice. The evolution of fasting blood glucose, insulin, fructosamine, triglycerides, and cholesterol was not affected by the supplementation regimens. The albumin/creatine ratio, glomerular hypertrophy, and mesangial matrix expansion were aggravated in ob/ob vs. WT mice, but not alleviated by supplementation. To conclude, long-term supplementation with anserine elevates circulating and kidney anserine levels in diabetic mice. However, anserine supplementation was not able to attenuate the development of T2D or diabetic nephropathy in BTBR ob/ob mice. Further research will have to elucidate whether anserine can attenuate milder forms of T2D or metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anserine; Blood Glucose; Carnosine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Limit of Detection; Mice; Obesity
PubMed: 34264387
DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03033-4 -
Comparative Biochemistry and... Aug 2019Histidine containing dipeptides (HCDs: carnosine, anserine and balenine) have numerous therapeutic and ergogenic properties, but there is a lack of consensus on the... (Review)
Review
Histidine containing dipeptides (HCDs: carnosine, anserine and balenine) have numerous therapeutic and ergogenic properties, but there is a lack of consensus on the mechanistic pathways through which they function. Potential roles include intracellular buffering, neutralisation of reactive species, and calcium regulation. Comparative investigations of the HCD content of various species provide unique insight into their most likely mechanisms of action. This review chronologically describes how the comparative physiology studies, conducted since the beginning of the 20th century, have shaped our understanding of the physiological roles of HCDs. The investigation of a wide range of physiologically distinct species indicates that those species with a strong reliance on non-oxidative forms of energy production are abundant in HCDs. These include: whales who experience long periods of hypoxia while diving; racehorses and greyhound dogs who have highly developed sprint abilities, and chickens and turkeys whose limited capacity for flight is largely fuelled by their white, glycolytic, muscle. Additionally, a higher HCD content in the Type 2 muscle fibres of various species (which have greater capacity for non-oxidative metabolism) was consistently observed. The pKa of the HCDs render them ideally suited to act as intracellular physicochemical buffers within the pH transit range of the skeletal muscle. As such, their abundance in species which show a greater reliance on non-oxidative forms of energy metabolism, and which experience regular challenges to acid-base homeostasis, provides strong evidence that intracellular proton buffering is an important function of the HCDs in skeletal muscle.
Topics: Acids; Animals; Anserine; Carnosine; Dipeptides; Dogs; Energy Metabolism; Histidine; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 31029715
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.04.017 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2021Amino acids have a central role in cell metabolism, and intracellular changes contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases, while the role and specific organ...
BACKGROUND
Amino acids have a central role in cell metabolism, and intracellular changes contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases, while the role and specific organ distribution of dipeptides is largely unknown.
METHOD
We established a sensitive, rapid and reliable UPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of 36 dipeptides. Dipeptide patterns were analyzed in brown and white adipose tissues, brain, eye, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, sciatic nerve, pancreas, spleen and thymus, serum and urine of C57BL/6N wildtype mice and related to the corresponding amino acid profiles.
RESULTS
A total of 30 out of the 36 investigated dipeptides were detected with organ-specific distribution patterns. Carnosine and anserine were most abundant in all organs, with the highest concentrations in muscles. In liver, Asp-Gln and Ala-Gln concentrations were high, in the spleen and thymus, Glu-Ser and Gly-Asp. In serum, dipeptide concentrations were several magnitudes lower than in organ tissues. In all organs, dipeptides with C-terminal proline (Gly-Pro and Leu-Pro) were present at higher concentrations than dipeptides with N-terminal proline (Pro-Gly and Pro-Leu). Organ-specific amino acid profiles were related to the dipeptide profile with several amino acid concentrations being related to the isomeric form of the dipeptides. Aspartate, histidine, proline and serine tissue concentrations correlated with dipeptide concentrations, when the amino acids were present at the C- but not at the N-terminus.
CONCLUSION
Our multi-dipeptide quantification approach demonstrates organ-specific dipeptide distribution. This method allows us to understand more about the dipeptide metabolism in disease or in healthy state.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Body Fluids; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dipeptides; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Organ Specificity; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Stereoisomerism; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Mice
PubMed: 34576148
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189979 -
The American Journal of Chinese Medicine 2019Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease of the kidney that results in decreased uric acid excretion. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of ginsenosides and anserine...
Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease of the kidney that results in decreased uric acid excretion. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of ginsenosides and anserine on hyperuricemia and the expression of aquaporin (AQP) 1-4, which are indicators of renal excretion. Ginsenosides and anserine were administered separately or together after the establishment of hyperuricemia with adenine in mice. Renal function indexes such as serum uric acid, creatinine, and urea nitrogen were measured in each group of mice, and the expression of AQP1-4 in renal tissues was detected. Serum uric acid and urea nitrogen were decreased in the ginsenoside and the anserine +UA groups. Meanwhile, the uric acid excretion and clearance rate were clearly increased in the co-treatment +UA group (.05). Moreover, ginsenosides or anserine ginsenosides or anserine alone and treatment with both increased the expression of AQP1-4; however, the synergistic effects were more significantly enhanced (.01). We provide the first reported evidence that ginsenosides and anserine have synergistic effects on uric acid excretion. The improvement in renal function in hyperuricemic mice after treatment with ginsenosides and anserine may result from up-regulation of AQP1-4 expressions.
Topics: Animals; Anserine; Aquaporins; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Creatinine; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ginsenosides; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Kidney; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Up-Regulation; Uric Acid
PubMed: 31311296
DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X19500587 -
Food & Function Sep 2022This study aims to investigate the anti-hyperuricemia effect and mechanism of anserine in hyperuricemic rats. Hyperuricemic rats were induced with a combination of 750...
This study aims to investigate the anti-hyperuricemia effect and mechanism of anserine in hyperuricemic rats. Hyperuricemic rats were induced with a combination of 750 mg per kg bw d potassium oxazinate (PO) and 200 mg per kg bw d hypoxanthine for a week, and the rats were separately orally administered anserine (20, 40, 80 mg kg) and allopurinol (10 mg kg) for three weeks. The results show that the content of serum uric acid (SUA) decreased by approximately 40% and 60% after the intervention of anserine and allopurinol, respectively. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was increased and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly decreased in the anserine groups. After the administration of anserine, the contents of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were reduced in the kidney, and the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6β, TNF-α and TGF-β and inflammatory cell infiltration were reduced in both the liver and kidney. Moreover, the gene expressions of xanthine oxidase (XOD), renal urate transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter type 9 (GLUT9) were downregulated by anserine administration, and the gene expressions of ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2), organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) and organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3) were upregulated at the same time. These findings suggest that hepatorenal injury was repaired by anserine, which further regulated the expression of hepatic XOD and renal URAT1, GLUT9, ABCG2, OAT1 and OAT3 to relieve hyperuricemia in rats.
Topics: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Allopurinol; Animals; Anserine; Creatinine; Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; Hyperuricemia; Hypoxanthines; Kidney; Liver; Malondialdehyde; Organic Anion Transporters; Potassium; Rats; Superoxide Dismutase; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Uric Acid; Xanthine Oxidase
PubMed: 35972268
DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01533a -
Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma Aug 2016Posteromedial fractures of the tibial plateau are often encountered after high-energy injuries. They can be seen in isolation or in combination with lateral column... (Review)
Review
Posteromedial fractures of the tibial plateau are often encountered after high-energy injuries. They can be seen in isolation or in combination with lateral column fractures. These fractures must be recognized and stabilized independently of any lateral sided fracture to ensure the stability of the final construct. First described in 1997, the Lobenhoffer approach provides access to the posteromedial and posterior aspects of the proximal tibia, allowing for reduction and stabilization of fractures in this location with a posteromedial plate. We present our technique for this approach for the treatment of an isolated posteromedial tibial plateau fracture. The procedure is performed in the prone position. An interval between the gastrocnemius and pes anserine is developed and the fracture apex visualized. The reduction maneuver involves extension and valgus of the knee along with direct manipulation of the fracture fragment. A small fragment antiglide plate is then placed to stabilize the fracture. This relatively straightforward approach is of great use when treating complex tibial plateau fractures involving the medial and posterior columns.
Topics: Evidence-Based Medicine; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Humans; Knee Injuries; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Open Fracture Reduction; Tibial Fractures; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27441936
DOI: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000000582 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022is a genus of ascomycete fungi and used widely in fungal drugs. However, in-depth studies of the metabolites of wild species and their substituents are lacking. In...
is a genus of ascomycete fungi and used widely in fungal drugs. However, in-depth studies of the metabolites of wild species and their substituents are lacking. In this study, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics analysis was carried out to comprehensively profile the metabolites in wild Chinese species ( (Berk.) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones and Spatafora 2007) from Naqu (NCs) and Yushu (YCs) and their substituents including artificially cultivated species (CCs) and mycelia. A total of 901 metabolites were identified in these samples, including lipids, amino acids, nucleosides, carbohydrates, organic acids, coenzymes, vitamins, alkaloids and their derivatives. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses revealed remarkable differences and significantly different metabolites among them. Seventy amino acid-relevant metabolites were analyzed quantitatively in four samples for the first time. The four samples contained abundant L-glutamic acid and oxidized glutathione as well as multiple unique amino acid-relevant metabolites (e.g., 3-chloro-L-tyrosine, 6-aminocaproic acid, L-theanine, anserine, γ-glutamyl-cysteine). Collectively, our study provides rich metabolic information of wild species and their substituents, which could facilitate their quality control and optimal utilization.
PubMed: 36506548
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1036589 -
Nutrients Apr 2021Seafood (fish in particular) is one of the main food groups in nutrition models with proven health benefits. Seafood has long been considered a very valuable dietary... (Review)
Review
Seafood (fish in particular) is one of the main food groups in nutrition models with proven health benefits. Seafood has long been considered a very valuable dietary component, mainly due to presence of -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (-3 PUFA) but it is also an important source of protein (including collagen), anserine, taurine, iodine, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin K, vitamin D, tocopherols, B vitamins and astaxanthin. Considering the beneficial effects of these ingredients on blood pressure, lipid profile and the inflammatory process, seafood should be an essential component of the diet. Non-communicable diseases (NCD) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and mental disorder, chronic respiratory diseases are common diseases associated with advanced age. Promotion of a healthy lifestyle (including proper nutritional behavior) and prevention of diseases are the most effective and efficient ways to decrease premature mortality from NCD and to maintain mental health and well-being. This review article shows the potential preventive and therapeutic effects of seafood with an emphasis on fish. Our narrative review presents the results of systematic reviews and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Diet; Health; Humans; Noncommunicable Diseases; Seafood
PubMed: 33922600
DOI: 10.3390/nu13051422 -
AMB Express Mar 2020Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the joint synovium. Anserine is a functional dipeptide containing methylhistidine and β-alanine, and is...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the joint synovium. Anserine is a functional dipeptide containing methylhistidine and β-alanine, and is present in the brain and skeletal muscle of birds and mammals. Glucosamine is an amino sugar used in the synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. We evaluated the effects of anserine and glucosamine on RA. Rats were assigned into the control group, RA group, anserine group (1 mg/kg), glucosamine group (200 mg/kg), or anserine plus glucosamine group (anserine, 1 mg/kg + glucosamine, 200 mg/kg). Treatment was continued for 45 consecutive days and was administered orally. The serum levels of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation, uric acid, nitric oxide, ceruloplasmin, zinc, copper, prostaglandin E (PGE), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were assayed. The mRNA and protein levels of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in synovial tissue were also determined. Anserine plus glucosamine significantly increased the catalase, SOD, Gpx, GSH, and zinc levels compared to the control, anserine, and glucosamine groups. Also, anserine plus glucosamine significantly reduced the PGE, MMP-3, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels compared to the control, anserine, and glucosamine groups. Furthermore, anserine plus glucosamine significantly reduced the mRNA and protein levels of NF-κB and iNOS compared to the control, anserine, and glucosamine groups. Therefore, supplementation of anserine plus glucosamine shows therapeutic potential for RA.
PubMed: 32198574
DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-00987-8