-
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Sep 2018
Review
Topics: Anthropometry; Body Composition; Humans; Nutritional Sciences
PubMed: 30185847
DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0210-2 -
World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics 2015
Review
Topics: Anthropometry; Body Height; Body Weight; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Growth Charts; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status; World Health Organization
PubMed: 25906897
DOI: 10.1159/000360352 -
Nutrition and Health Mar 2022Kinanthropometry offers to exercise and health professionals a standardized procedure of acquiring surface anatomical measurements that might be used to track changes in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Kinanthropometry offers to exercise and health professionals a standardized procedure of acquiring surface anatomical measurements that might be used to track changes in body composition.
AIM
To describe simple anthropometric indices to monitor body composition changes in amateur and elite athletes, and to provide reference values during the competition phase.
METHODS
A search of articles indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and SciELO databases using the string . Inclusion criteria were: quantitative and/or qualitative research published between 2009 and 2020, written in English or Spanish, reporting simple anthropometric indices that included skinfolds, girths, or basic measures in amateur and elite athletes.
RESULTS
A total of 51 studies (Price's index = 66.4%) met all the inclusion criteria and were included in this scoping review. Contrary to the frequent practice, the use of a regression equation might not be accurate to evaluate body composition. To avoid this, anthropometrists should base their analysis on the absolute values of the sum of skinfolds (∑S) and related variables, such as skinfold-corrected girths and lean mass index. While not definitive, because further research is required, the practical recommendations and updated reference values in competition phase provided by this review would contribute to the accurate identification of body composition changes.
CONCLUSIONS
∑S and lean mass index have been shown to be valid for monitoring changes in fat mass and fat-free mass, respectively. More research is needed to derive the lean mass index-specific coefficient for each sports population.
Topics: Anthropometry; Athletes; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Humans; Reference Values; Skinfold Thickness
PubMed: 33792415
DOI: 10.1177/02601060211002941 -
Physical Therapy Dec 2016Lymphedema is a common complication of cancer treatment, resulting in swelling and subjective symptoms. Reliable and valid measurement of this side effect of medical... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Lymphedema is a common complication of cancer treatment, resulting in swelling and subjective symptoms. Reliable and valid measurement of this side effect of medical treatment is important.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to provide best evidence regarding which measurement instruments are most appropriate in measuring lymphedema in its different stages.
DATA SOURCES
The PubMed and Web of Science databases were used, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.
STUDY SELECTION
Clinical studies on measurement instruments assessing lymphedema were reviewed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) scoring instrument for quality assessment.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data on reliability, concurrent validity, convergent validity, sensitivity, specificity, applicability, and costs were extracted.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Pooled data showed good intrarater intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) (.89) for bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) in the lower extremities and high intrarater and interrater ICCs for water volumetry, tape measurement, and perometry (.98-.99) in the upper extremities. In the upper extremities, the standard error of measurement was 3.6% (σ=0.7%) for water volumetry, 5.6% (σ=2.1%) for perometry, and 6.6% (σ=2.6%) for tape measurement. Sensitivity of tape measurement in the upper extremities, using different cutoff points, varied from 0.73 to 0.90, and specificity values varied from 0.72 to 0.78.
LIMITATIONS
No uniform definition of lymphedema was available, and a gold standard as a reference test was lacking. Items concerning risk of bias were study design, patient selection, description of lymphedema, blinding of test outcomes, and number of included participants.
CONCLUSIONS
Measurement instruments with evidence for good reliability and validity were BIS, water volumetry, tape measurement, and perometry, where BIS can detect alterations in extracellular fluid in stage 1 lymphedema and the other measurement instruments can detect alterations in volume starting from stage 2. In research, water volumetry is indicated as a reference test for measuring lymphedema in the upper extremities.
Topics: Anthropometry; Body Water; Electric Impedance; Humans; Lower Gastrointestinal Tract; Lymphedema; Observer Variation; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Upper Extremity
PubMed: 27340195
DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20150412 -
The Journal of Maternal-fetal &... Nov 2022To assess the association between placental morphology and neonatal and infant anthropometry, including analysis by sex. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND/AIMS
To assess the association between placental morphology and neonatal and infant anthropometry, including analysis by sex.
STUDY DESIGN
Data from the ROLO Kids [Randomized COntrol Trial of LOw Glycaemic Index in Pregnancy] study were analyzed including placental weight and morphology. Placental, anthropometric and skinfold measurements were recorded as markers of adiposity in 196 neonates and 215 infants at 6 months of age. Ratios including subscapular-to-triceps skinfold ratio and waist-to-height ratio were used as markers of central adiposity, while the sum of all skinfolds and subscapular plus triceps skinfolds were used as markers of general adiposity. Analysis was performed for total groups and by sex.
RESULTS
On simple linear regression placental weight was associated with neonatal and infant anthropometric measurements. On multiple regression, the placental weight was associated with birth weight. In the neonatal period placental weight was associated with general adiposity in males only (sum of skinfolds ( 0.007, < .001) and subscapular + triceps skinfolds a marker of general adiposity ( 0.004 < .001)). At 6 months of age placental length was positively associated with central adiposity in the total group ( 0.006, .036) and maximum cord diameter was inversely associated with infant central adiposity ( - 0.309 .043) in males only.
CONCLUSION
The placental phenotype is associated with anthropometry at birth and this association persists to early infancy with a stronger relationship noted in this cohort amongst males. This suggests sexual dimorphism may play a role in the impact of the placenta on infant anthropometry.
Topics: Adiposity; Anthropometry; Birth Weight; Body Mass Index; Female; Humans; Male; Obesity; Placenta; Pregnancy; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 33225791
DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1849097 -
Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Jan 2022The accurate assessment of total body and regional body circumferences, volumes, and compositions are critical to monitor physical activity and dietary interventions, as...
BACKGROUND
The accurate assessment of total body and regional body circumferences, volumes, and compositions are critical to monitor physical activity and dietary interventions, as well as accurate disease classifications including obesity, metabolic syndrome, sarcopenia, and lymphedema. We assessed body composition and anthropometry estimates provided by a commercial 3-dimensional optical (3DO) imaging system compared to criterion measures.
METHODS
Participants of the Shape Up! Adults study were recruited for similar sized stratifications by sex, age (18-40, 40-60, >60 years), BMI (under, normal, overweight, obese), and across five ethnicities (non-Hispanic [NH] Black, NH White, Hispanic, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander). All participants received manual anthropometry assessments, duplicate whole-body 3DO (Styku S100), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. 3DO estimates provided by the manufacturer for anthropometry and body composition were compared to the criterion measures using concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Bland-Altman analysis. Test-retest precision was assessed by root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of variation.
RESULTS
A total of 188 (102 female) participants were included. The overall fat free mass (FFM) as measured by DXA (54.1 ± 15.2 kg) and 3DO (55.3 ± 15.0 kg) showed a small mean difference of 1.2 ± 3.4 kg (95% limits of agreement -7.0 to +5.6) and the CCC was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96-0.98). The CCC for FM was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.94-0.97) and the mean difference of 1.3 ± 3.4 kg (95% CI: -5.5 to +8.1) reflected the difference in FFM measures. 3DO anthropometry and body composition measurements showed high test-retest precision for whole body volume (1.1 L), fat mass (0.41 kg), percent fat (0.60%), arm and leg volumes, (0.11 and 0.21 L, respectively), and waist and hip circumferences (all <0.60 cm). No group differences were observed when stratified by body mass index, sex, or race/ethnicity.
CONCLUSIONS
The anthropometric and body composition estimates provided by the 3DO scanner are precise and accurate to criterion methods if offsets are considered. This method offers a rapid, broadly available, and automated method of body composition assessment regardless of body size. Further studies are recommended to examine the relationship between measurements obtained by 3DO scans and metabolic health in healthy and clinical populations.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adolescent; Adult; Anthropometry; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Female; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Male; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Whole Body Imaging; Young Adult
PubMed: 34915272
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.11.031 -
International Journal of Impotence... Mar 2020Data regarding the size of the adult penis is of great importance to both clinicians and researchers. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the preferred method for... (Review)
Review
Data regarding the size of the adult penis is of great importance to both clinicians and researchers. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the preferred method for the evaluation of penile size. Various and conflicting methods are reported in the literature. We review the data on measurement methods of the flaccid, stretched, and erected penis with the aim of constructing a recommendation for best practice. A systematic search for articles on penile length and girth measurement techniques was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochran Library. Only peer-reviewed articles published in English before August 2018 were reviewed. All authors evaluated the methods and results sections presented in each publication. Relevant, demonstrative publications are reported in this review. We did not find definitive evidence favoring one measuring method over the other. Therefore, we advocate the use of our recommendations for penile size measurement in future publications.
Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Humans; Male; Organ Size; Penile Erection; Penis
PubMed: 31171853
DOI: 10.1038/s41443-019-0157-4 -
PeerJ 2022This study assessed whether anthropometry, physical fitness and sport-specific sprint performance vary across the three groups of sitting volleyball (SV) athletes...
BACKGROUND
This study assessed whether anthropometry, physical fitness and sport-specific sprint performance vary across the three groups of sitting volleyball (SV) athletes (athletes with a disability (VS1), athletes with a minimal disability (VS2) and able-bodied SV athletes (AB)) in order to explore the validity of the current system of classification. This study also investigated how the anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics of athletes relate to their sprint performance.
METHODS
Thirty-five SV male athletes aged 37.4 ± 10.8 years and practicing SV at a national/international level volunteered for this study. Testing consisted in the evaluation of linear anthropometry, physical fitness (body composition by-means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and upper-body strength) and sprint performance (5-meter sprint tests, agility test and speed and endurance test).
RESULTS
Athletes in the three groups differed in fat mass percentage (%FM) which was higher in VS1 versus AB at the sub-total level (+9%), in the arms (+15%) and in the non-impaired leg (+8%) regions. Greater hand span, greater length of the impaired lower leg, lower %FM at both the sub-total and regional level and a higher level of strength in the upper body are all associated with better performances in the considered sprint tests ( < 0.05 for all). These results do not confirm the validity of the current system of classification of athletes adopted in SV. Professionals dealing with SV athletes should include specific exercises aimed at improving whole-body and regional body composition and the strength of the trunk and upper limbs in their training programs.
Topics: Humans; Male; Volleyball; Anthropometry; Physical Fitness; Body Composition; Exercise
PubMed: 36225903
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14013 -
American Journal of Physical... Sep 2021Some previous studies suggest that humans do not conform to geometric similarity (isometry) in anthropometric dimensions of the upper and lower limbs. Researchers often...
OBJECTIVES
Some previous studies suggest that humans do not conform to geometric similarity (isometry) in anthropometric dimensions of the upper and lower limbs. Researchers often rely on a single statistical approach to the study of scaling patterns, and it is unclear whether these methods produce similar results and are equally robust. This study used one bivariate and one multivariate method to examine how linear anthropometric dimensions scale in a sample of adult humans.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Motion capture marker data from 104 adults of varying height and mass were used to calculate anthropometric dimensions. We analyzed scaling patterns in pooled and separate sexes with two methods: (1) bivariate log-log regression and (2) multivariate principal component analysis (PCA). We calculated 95% highest density/confidence intervals for each method and defined positive/negative allometry as estimates lying outside those intervals.
RESULTS
Results identified isometric scaling of the upper arm, thigh, and shoulder, positive allometry of the forearm and shank, and negative allometry of the pelvis in the pooled sample using both statistical methods. Patterns of allometry in the pooled sample were similar between methods but differed in magnitude. Sex-specific results differed in both pattern and magnitude between log-log regression and PCA. Only one measurement (shoulder width) departed from isometry in the sex-specific log-log regressions.
DISCUSSION
Our findings suggest that especially in sex-specific analyses, the pattern and magnitude of allometry are sensitive to statistical methodology. When body mass was selected as the size variable, most human linear anthropometric dimensions in this sample scaled isometrically and were therefore geometrically similar within sexes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anthropology, Physical; Anthropometry; Body Size; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Young Adult
PubMed: 33782957
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24275 -
Dermatologic Surgery : Official... Sep 2020Three-dimensional (3D) imaging has become increasingly popular in aesthetic surgery. However, few studies have emphasized its application in the periocular region. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Three-dimensional (3D) imaging has become increasingly popular in aesthetic surgery. However, few studies have emphasized its application in the periocular region.
OBJECTIVE
To provide evidence supporting the reliability of generalizing periocular measurements obtained using caliper-derived direct anthropometry and 2-dimensional (2D) photogrammetry to 3D stereophotogrammetry.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Periocular surfaces were captured using a stereophotogrammetry system for 46 normal Caucasian individuals. Twenty-two periocular variables were directly, 2-dimensionally, and 3-dimensionally measured. Reliability of these measurements was evaluated and compared with each other.
RESULTS
The results revealed that, for direct (intra-rater reliability only), 2D, and 3D anthropometry, overall intra-rater and inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficient estimates were 0.88, 0.99 and 0.97, and 0.98 and 0.92, respectively; mean absolute differences were 0.84 mm, 0.26 and 0.36 units, and 0.35 and 0.67 units, respectively; technical error of measurement (TEM) estimates were 0.85 mm, 0.25 and 0.36 units, and 0.32 and 0.65 units, respectively; relative error measurement estimates were 6.46%, 1.69% and 2.74%, and 1.67% and 5.11%, respectively; and relative TEM estimates were 6.25%, 1.62% and 2.78%, and 2.12% and 5.12%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Stereophotogrammetry and the authors' landmark location protocol yield very good reliability for a series of 2D and 3D measurements.
Topics: Adult; Anatomic Landmarks; Anthropometry; Face; Female; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Male; Middle Aged; Photogrammetry; Reproducibility of Results; Young Adult
PubMed: 31809350
DOI: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000002243