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Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 2022Body composition and anthropometry assessment from two-dimensional smartphone images is possible through advancement of computational hardware and artificial...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Body composition and anthropometry assessment from two-dimensional smartphone images is possible through advancement of computational hardware and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. This study established agreement of a novel smartphone assessment, compared with traditional bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and criterion measures.
SUBJECTS/METHODS
Body composition of 929 adults was measured using DXA (GE lunar iDXA), a foot-to-foot BIA machine (TANITA BC-313), and predictions from two-dimensional smartphone images. Anthropometry measures were also collected. Body composition and anthropometry estimates were compared via concordance coefficient correlation (CCC), equivalence testing, Bland-Altman analysis, and root mean square error (RMSE).
RESULTS
2D smartphone image predictions for percent body fat (%BF) (males: CCC = 0.90 and RMSE = 2.9, and females: CCC = 0.90 and RMSE = 2.8) reported greater agreement with DXA measures than the BIA measures (males: CCC = 0.66 and RMSE = 5.6, and females: CCC = 0.79 and RMSE = 4.6). All anthropometry 2D smartphone image predictions had a strong agreement with criterion measurements (CCC ≥ 0.84 and RMSE ≤ 3.3). Body composition and anthropometry measures predicted by the 2D smartphone images were clinically equivalent at ±2.5 and ±5.0% thresholds. BIA %BF was not equivalent at either threshold; with only female BIA fat-free mass equivalent at the ±5% threshold.
CONCLUSION
Body composition predictions from 2D smartphone application images provide a promising alternative to BIA scales for in-home body composition assessment. Future research should assess the validity of this method for longitudinally tracking body composition and indicating an individual's potential risk of chronic diseases.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adult; Anthropometry; Artificial Intelligence; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Electric Impedance; Female; Humans; Male; Smartphone
PubMed: 35094958
DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.12.006 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Oct 2020The current body of research lacks a meta-analysis of the relationship between hair cortisol concentration (HCC) and anthropometry in children. Therefore, this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The current body of research lacks a meta-analysis of the relationship between hair cortisol concentration (HCC) and anthropometry in children. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine this relationship and explore possible moderators between HCC and body mass index (BMI/BMI z-score). Eleven databases were searched: CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, PsycEXTRA, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Social Sciences Full Text, Sociological Abstracts and Web of Sciences. Random-effects models and exploratory moderator analyses with mixed-effects models were performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. The meta-analysis showed small positive correlations between HCC and BMI (r = 0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02, 0.14, n = 18, p = .009), BMI z-score (r = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.16, n = 12, p = .003), waist circumference (r = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.17, n = 10, p = .001) and body fat including fat mass index (r = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.11, n = 3, p = .005). The relationship between HCC and BMI/BMI z-score was significantly moderated by children's sex. Results from this meta-analysis provide initial objective support for a small positive relationship between HCC and anthropometric factors.
Topics: Adiposity; Anthropometry; Body Mass Index; Child; Female; Hair; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 32543094
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13050 -
International Journal of Sports... Jan 2018Reports detailing the physiques of open-water (OW) swimmers are limited. Data from anthropometric screening around competition provides a unique opportunity to describe...
Reports detailing the physiques of open-water (OW) swimmers are limited. Data from anthropometric screening around competition provides a unique opportunity to describe the current physical attributes of elite OW swimmers peaking for international competition. Anthropometric screening was undertaken on a group of Australian and French OW swimmers as part of performance monitoring within 2 wk of the 2015 FINA World Championships. Height, mass, and sum of 7 skinfolds were measured using ISAK standardized measurement techniques by 2 trained anthropometrists. Data were collated and compared with previously published data on OW and pool swimmers. French swimmers had lower skinfolds (57.3 ± 6.1 vs 80.5 ± 21.3 mm, P = .0258), were lighter (64.7 ± 10.8 vs 74.6 ± 11.8 kg, P = .013), and had lower lean-mass index (LMI) (34.7 ± 7.3 vs 38.2 ± 8.8, P = .035) than Australian swimmers. Male and female OW swimmers had skinfolds similar to their contemporary OW swimmers but were lower than earlier reports of OW swimmers; however, they were higher than those of pool swimmers. Male and female OW swimmers had 9% and 6% lower LMI, respectively, than pool swimmers. Lower body mass and LMI were correlated with better World Championships finishing positions (R = .46, P = .0151, and R = .45, P = .0177, respectively). These data are a unique report of elite OW swimmers' physiques around international competition and demonstrate a potential morphological optimization in OW swimmers that warrants further investigation in larger populations.
Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Australia; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Competitive Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Skinfold Thickness; Swimming; Young Adult
PubMed: 28459314
DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2016-0741 -
Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht... Aug 2022This study aimed to address whether the anthropometric features of the patella can be used to determine the sex of the individuals on the basis of the skeletal remains...
This study aimed to address whether the anthropometric features of the patella can be used to determine the sex of the individuals on the basis of the skeletal remains and to set limit values for anthropometric measurements and indicators of the patella in relation to each sex. 71 patellas (32 female and 39 male) from the Middle Ages from Wroclaw, Poland, were analyzed. The measurements (the greatest height, width, thickness, width of the lateral and medial joint surface and the height of these joint surfaces) and ratios were calculated (height to width, height to thickness as well as width to height of lateral and medial joint surfaces) and tested according to sexual dimorphism. The best parameter in terms of discriminatory assessment was the patella's highest height, which made it possible to classify the sex in 46.5% of cases. However, an index of the sum of the height, width and thickness measurements seems to be even better for differentiating between the sexes, making it possible to correctly classify the sex in 49.3% of cases. Due to some limitations of this study and the need of population-specific standard, it is recommend to employ the in sex determination only in cases of fragmented human remains and when no other method can be applied. Further investigation of possible factors influencing the variability of its size and shape should be explored in larger and geographically more diverse samples, and this could contribute to forensic, clinical, anatomical, and anthropological studies in this body part.
Topics: Anthropometry; Body Remains; Female; History, Medieval; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patella; Poland; Sex Characteristics; Sex Determination Analysis; Sex Determination by Skeleton
PubMed: 35403185
DOI: 10.1127/anthranz/2022/1450 -
PloS One 2018Expressing anthropometric parameters (height, weight, BMI) as z-score is a key principle in the clinical assessment of children and adolescents. The Centre for Disease...
BACKGROUND
Expressing anthropometric parameters (height, weight, BMI) as z-score is a key principle in the clinical assessment of children and adolescents. The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts and the CDC-LMS method for z-score calculation are widely used to assess growth and nutritional status, though they can be imprecise in some percentiles.
OBJECTIVE
To improve the accuracy of z-score calculation by revising the statistical method using the original data used to develop current z-score calculators.
DESIGN
A Gaussian Process Regressions (GPR) was designed and internally validated. Z-scores for weight-for-age (WFA), height-for-age (HFA) and BMI-for-age (BMIFA) were compared with WHO and CDC-LMS methods in 1) standard z-score cut-off points, 2) simulated population of 3000 children and 3) real observations 212 children aged 2 to 18 yo.
RESULTS
GPR yielded more accurate calculation of z-scores for standard cut-off points (p<<0.001) with respect to CDC-LMS and WHO approaches. WFA, HFA and BMIFA z-score calculations based on the 3 different methods using simulated and real patients, showed a large variation irrespective of gender and age. Z-scores around 0 +/- 1 showed larger variation than the values above and below +/- 2.
CONCLUSION
The revised z-score calculation method was more accurate than CDC-LMS and WHO methods for standard cut-off points. On simulated and real data, GPR based calculation provides more accurate z-score determinations, and thus, a better classification of patients below and above cut-off points. Statisticians and clinicians should consider the potential benefits of updating their calculation method for an accurate z-score determination.
Topics: Anthropometry; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nutritional Status; Regression Analysis
PubMed: 30571681
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208362 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2021Previous canoe sprint studies evaluated the best paddlers of their categories. This investigation aimed to identify the importance of biological maturation and athletes'...
Previous canoe sprint studies evaluated the best paddlers of their categories. This investigation aimed to identify the importance of biological maturation and athletes' experience in kayaking performance and observe possible differences regarding anthropometry, years of practice, and performance. Eighty under 14 years of age (U14) and fifty under 16 years of age (U16) kayakers aged 13.40 ± 0.54 and 15.25 ± 0.61 years were evaluated. Kayakers were assessed for anthropometry (body mass (kg); stretch stature (cm); and sitting height (cm)), performance (time at 3000 m for U14 and 5000 m for U16 kayakers), and somatic maturation (predicted adult height (PAH) and maturity offset). In the U14 kayakers, years of practice, sitting height, and maturity offset showed significant differences ( < 0.05) between the Top10 and Middle, and Middle and Bottom10 performance times. Significantly higher ( < 0.05) sitting heights were identified between the Top10 and Middle U16 kayakers. Significant differences ( < 0.05) were observed for maturity offset and PAH% between the Top10 and Middle groups compared to the Bottom10 group. In conclusion, this research shows differences in the maturity status of young U14 and U16 kayakers, identifying that the more biologically mature individuals, with more years of specific practice, achieved better performances.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anthropometry; Athletes; Body Height; Child; Humans; Ships; Water Sports
PubMed: 34444072
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168322 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Apr 2022Visualizations of the emerging obesity epidemic, such as with serial US color prevalence maps, provide graphic images that extend informative public health messages...
BACKGROUND
Visualizations of the emerging obesity epidemic, such as with serial US color prevalence maps, provide graphic images that extend informative public health messages beyond those in written communications. Advances in low-cost 3D optical technology now allow for development of large image databases that include participants varying in race/ethnicity, body mass, height, age, and circumferences. When combined with contemporary statistical methods, these data sets can be used to create humanoid avatar images with prespecified anthropometric features.
OBJECTIVES
The current study aimed to develop a humanoid avatar series with characteristics of representative US adults extending over the past 6 decades.
METHODS
3D optical scans were conducted on a demographically diverse sample of 570 healthy adults. Image data were converted to principal components and manifold regression equations were then developed with body mass, height, age, and waist circumference as covariates. Humanoid avatars were generated for representative adults with these 4 characteristics as reported in CDC surveys beginning in 1960-1962 up to 2015-2018.
RESULTS
There was a curvilinear increase in adult US population body mass, waist circumference, and BMI in males and females across the 9 surveys spanning 6 decades. A small increase in average adult population age was present between 1960 and 2018; height changes were inconsistent. A series of 4 avatars developed at ∼20-y intervals for representative males and females reveal the changes in body size and shape consistent with the emergence of the obesity epidemic. An additional series of developed avatars portray the shapes and sizes of males and females at key BMI cutoffs.
CONCLUSIONS
New mathematical approaches and accessible 3D optical technology combined with increasingly available large and diverse data sets across the life span now make unique visualization of body size and shape possible on a previously unattainable scale. This study is registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03637855 as NCT03637855.
Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Female; Humans; Male; Obesity; Prevalence; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 35030235
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac005 -
Nutrition in Clinical Practice :... Apr 2020Anthropometric z-scores used commonly for diagnosis and determining degree of malnutrition, specifically body mass index (BMIz), weight-for-length (WLz), and mid-upper...
BACKGROUND
Anthropometric z-scores used commonly for diagnosis and determining degree of malnutrition, specifically body mass index (BMIz), weight-for-length (WLz), and mid-upper arm circumference (MUACz), are not wholly concordant, yet the proposed thresholds for classification are identical. This study was designed to critically examine MUACz thresholds and their ability to correctly classify nutrition status.
METHODS
This was a 2-year, prospective single-center study of children ≤18 years seen by registered dietitians within a large pediatric institution. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive performance of the malnutrition classification thresholds were estimated against clinician-based classification.
RESULTS
Sixty-one dietitians enrolled 10,401 patients with distributions of z-scores for weight (-0.5 ± 1.9), length (-0.8 ± 1.6), BMI or WL (-0.1 ± 1.8), and MUAC (-0.4 ± 1.5), suggesting participants were smaller and shorter than the reference U.S.
POPULATION
Distributions of MUACz were broad and overlapped between nutrition classification groups, an observation that extended to BMIz and WLz as well. Consequently, existing thresholds do not accurately classify 100% of children. Misclassification rates increase, with increasing severity ranging from 8% in children with no malnutrition to 71% in children with severe malnutrition. Algorithm- and manually-based refinement of thresholds result in mixed improvements and can be explored by the reader with the associated supplement.
CONCLUSION
The sensitivity of proposed MUACz thresholds systematically decreases with increasing severity of malnutrition and will require optimization if we aim to limit the number of children at risk of misclassification. Indicators for overnutrition remain to be addressed but are explored herein.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Arm; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Size; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Malnutrition; Nutritional Status; Overnutrition; Prospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index; United States
PubMed: 31175704
DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10324 -
Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany) May 2022Currently used pediatric kidney length normative values are based on small single-center studies, do not include kidney function assessment, and focus mostly on newborns...
BACKGROUND
Currently used pediatric kidney length normative values are based on small single-center studies, do not include kidney function assessment, and focus mostly on newborns and infants. We aimed to develop ultrasound-based kidney length normative values derived from a large group of European Caucasian children with normal kidney function.
METHODS
Out of 1,782 children aged 0-19 years, 1,758 individuals with no present or past kidney disease and normal estimated glomerular filtration rate had sonographic assessment of kidney length. The results were correlated with anthropometric parameters and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Kidney length was correlated with age, height, body surface area, and body mass index. Height-related kidney length curves and table were generated using the LMS method. Multivariate regression analysis with collinearity checks was used to evaluate kidney length predictors.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference in kidney size in relation to height between boys and girls. We found significant (p < 0.001), but clinically unimportant (Cohen's D effect size = 0.04 and 0.06) differences between prone vs. supine position (mean paired difference = 0.64 mm, 95% CI = 0.49-0.77) and left vs. right kidneys (mean paired difference = 1.03 mm, 95% CI = 0.83-1.21), respectively. For kidney length prediction, the highest coefficient correlation was observed with height (adjusted R = 0.87, p < 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS
We present height-related LMS-percentile curves and tables of kidney length which may serve as normative values for kidney length in children from birth to 19 years of age. The most significant predictor of kidney length was statural height.
Topics: Anthropometry; Body Height; Body Weight; Child; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kidney; Male; Reference Values; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 34657197
DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05303-5 -
Revista Paulista de Pediatria : Orgao... 2023This study aimed to identify methodological aspects involved in determining anthropometric measurements among studies assessing the nutritional status of individuals... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to identify methodological aspects involved in determining anthropometric measurements among studies assessing the nutritional status of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF).
METHODS
A search of the literature was performed on MEDLINE via Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The population comprised children and adolescents with CF. Observational studies and clinical trials using anthropometric and body composition measures and indices determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance assessment (BIA) were included. Use of a standardized procedure for data collection was defined when details on the instruments and their calibration were given, the measuring procedures were described, and when it was clear measures had been determined by a trained team, or the use of an anthropometric reference manual was cited. Data extracted were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies.
RESULTS
A total of 32 articles were included, and a total of 233 measures or indices were observed. The most frequently used measures were body mass index (kg/m2; 35%), weight (kg; 33%), and height (cm; 33%). Among the 28 studies that used anthropometric measures, 21 (75%) provided a complete or partial description of the measurement instruments used, 3 (11%) reported information on equipment calibration, 10 (36%) indicated the measurement procedures employed by assessors, and 2 (7%) stated a trained team had carried out the measurements.
CONCLUSIONS
The poor description of measuring procedures precluded a meaningful evaluation of data quality. Scientific debate on this theme can help raise awareness of the need to ensure quality in collecting and fully presenting data.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adolescent; Body Composition; Cystic Fibrosis; Anthropometry; Body Mass Index; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 36888749
DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2023/41/2021333