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Drug Development Research Feb 2019
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 30537253
DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21496 -
Trends in Microbiology Sep 2022Biofilms are communities of bacteria forming high-density sessile colonies. Such a lifestyle comes associated with costs and benefits: while the growth rate of biofilms... (Review)
Review
Biofilms are communities of bacteria forming high-density sessile colonies. Such a lifestyle comes associated with costs and benefits: while the growth rate of biofilms is often lower than that of their free-living counterparts, this cost is readily repaid once the colony is subjected to antibiotics. Biofilms can grow in antibiotic concentrations a thousand times higher than planktonic bacteria. While numerous mechanisms have been proposed to explain biofilm recalcitrance towards antibiotics, little is yet known about their effect on the evolution of resistance. We synthesize the current understanding of biofilm recalcitrance from a pharmacodynamic and a population genetics perspective. Using the pharmacodynamic framework, we discuss the effects of various mechanisms and show that biofilms can either promote or impede resistance evolution.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Biofilms; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Genetics, Population; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plankton
PubMed: 35337697
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.02.005 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Nov 2023The surge of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria (ARB) in the environment is poised to be the next health threat. World Health Organisation's (WHO's) Global Antimicrobial...
The surge of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria (ARB) in the environment is poised to be the next health threat. World Health Organisation's (WHO's) Global Antimicrobial Surveillance System (GLASS) report indicates that developing countries may be at a greater risk. Among various factors, the major driver here could be untreated wastewater and poor sanitation. Bacteria are extremely adaptable to their surroundings and develop Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) when exposed to antibiotics and other pollutants that cause microbial stress. Thus, untreated domestic wastewater drains could easily become hotspots for the occurrence of ARBs. This study reports surveillance of sewage-carrying drains across four urban cities in India and demonstrated the presence of ARBs in the bacterial community against 7 classes of antibiotics, namely, β-Lactams, Chloramphenicol, Glycopeptides, Macrolides, Tetracycline, Third Generation Cephalosporin, and Quinolones. Untreated domestic wastewater flowing in target drains was collected twice a month, for a period of six months and the microbial community was subjected to Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST) by plate assays. The zone of inhibition was recorded and interpreted as per the interpretive chart of The Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) & The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). The total number of samples showing resistance against antibiotics was used to define an Antibiotic Resistance Index (ARI), calculated for all 20 sampling sites (drains). Results demonstrated that the highest ARI was observed in Delhi and Mumbai, ranging from 0.81 to 0.92 in Delhi and 0.49-0.56 in Mumbai. This surveillance study reveals the antibiotic resistance pattern of the representative bacterial community in the drains and goes beyond few targeted bacterial species. The alarming presence of antibiotic resistant bacterial community highlights the concern of ARBs being the next looming health threat. This report aims to demonstrates the importance of considering sewage surveillance on routine basis by state authorities.
Topics: Wastewater; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 37741538
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122586 -
Biochemistry. Biokhimiia Nov 2020This issue of the Biochemistry (Moscow) journal presents reviews and experimental articles on the new strategies for solving the problem of antibiotic resistance and on...
This issue of the Biochemistry (Moscow) journal presents reviews and experimental articles on the new strategies for solving the problem of antibiotic resistance and on the search for novel antimicrobial preparations using the methods of molecular biology, genetics, and nanotechnology. A wide variety of scientific approaches and successful (as a rule) research results give hope for overcoming microbial antibiotic resistance in the fight against infectious diseases.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans
PubMed: 33280573
DOI: 10.1134/S0006297920110012 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Apr 2023Antibiotic resistance is currently one of the greatest threats to human health. Widespread use and residues of antibiotics in humans, animals, and the environment can... (Review)
Review
Antibiotic resistance is currently one of the greatest threats to human health. Widespread use and residues of antibiotics in humans, animals, and the environment can exert selective pressure on antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG), accelerating the flow of antibiotic resistance. As ARG spreads to the population, the burden of antibiotic resistance in humans increases, which may have potential health effects on people. Therefore, it is critical to mitigate the spread of antibiotic resistance to humans and reduce the load of antibiotic resistance in humans. This review briefly described the information of global antibiotic consumption information and national action plans (NAPs) to combat antibiotic resistance and provided a set of feasible control strategies for the transmission of ARB and ARG to humans in three areas including (a) Reducing the colonization capacity of exogenous ARB, (b) Enhancing human colonization resistance and mitigating the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARG, (c) Reversing ARB antibiotic resistance. With the hope of achieving interdisciplinary one-health prevention and control of bacterial resistance.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Bacteria; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Genes, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 36950985
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114734 -
The Science of the Total Environment Feb 2022Biological wastewater treatment is a process in which the microbial metabolism of complex communities transforms pollutants into low- or non-toxic products. Due to the... (Review)
Review
Biological wastewater treatment is a process in which the microbial metabolism of complex communities transforms pollutants into low- or non-toxic products. Due to the absence of an in-depth understanding of the diversity and complexity of microbial communities, it is very likely to ignore the potential mechanisms of microbial community in wastewater treatment. Metagenomics is a technology based on molecular biology, in which massive gene sequences are obtained from environmental samples and analyzed by bioinformatics to determine the composition and function of a microbial community. Metagenomics can identify the state of microbes in their native environments more effectively than traditional molecular methods. This review summarizes the application of metagenomics to assess microbial communities in biological wastewater treatment, such as the biological removal of phosphorus and nitrogen by bacteria, the study of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and the reduction of heavy metals by microbial communities, with an emphasis on the contribution of microbial diversity and metabolic diversity. Technical bottlenecks in the application of metagenomics to biological wastewater treatment are elucidated, and future research directions for metagenomics are proposed, among which the application of multi-omics will be an important research method for future biological wastewater treatment.
Topics: Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Water Purification
PubMed: 34606860
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150737 -
Future Medicinal Chemistry Mar 2020
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 32027174
DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0326 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Jun 2022Antibiotic resistance is a growing health concern that has attracted increasing attention from clinicians and scientists in recent years. Although resistance is an... (Review)
Review
Antibiotic resistance is a growing health concern that has attracted increasing attention from clinicians and scientists in recent years. Although resistance is an inevitable consequence of bacterial evolution and natural selection, misuse and overuse of antibiotics play a significant role in its acceleration. Antibiotics are the mainstay of therapy for common dermatoses, including acne and rosacea, as well as for skin and soft tissue infections. Therefore, it is critical for dermatologists and physicians across all disciplines to identify, appropriately manage, and prevent cases of antibiotic resistance. This review explores dermatologic conditions in which the development of antibiotic resistance is a risk and discusses mechanisms underlying the development of resistance. We discuss disease-specific strategies for overcoming resistant strains and improving antimicrobial stewardship along with recent advances in the development of novel approaches to counter antibiotic resistance.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimicrobial Stewardship; Dermatology; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans
PubMed: 34555484
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.09.024 -
Nursing Standard (Royal College of... Nov 2014
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; United Kingdom
PubMed: 25370240
DOI: 10.7748/ns.29.10.18.s25 -
Molecular Microbiology Mar 2020The acquisition process of antibiotic resistance in an otherwise susceptible organism is shaped by the ecology of the species. Unlike other relevant human pathogens,... (Review)
Review
The acquisition process of antibiotic resistance in an otherwise susceptible organism is shaped by the ecology of the species. Unlike other relevant human pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes has maintained a high rate of susceptibility to the antibiotics used for decades to treat human and animal infections. However, L. monocytogenes can acquire antibiotic resistance genes from other organisms' plasmids and conjugative transposons. Ecological factors could account for its susceptibility. L. monocytogenes is ubiquitous in nature, most frequently including reservoirs unexposed to antibiotics, including intracellular sanctuaries. L. monocytogenes has a remarkably closed genome, reflecting limited community interactions, small population sizes and high niche specialization. The L. monocytogenes species is divided into variants that are specialized in small specific niches, which reduces the possibility of coexistence with potential donors of antibiotic resistance. Interactions with potential donors are also hampered by interspecies antagonism. However, occasional increases in population sizes (and thus the possibility of acquiring antibiotic resistance) can derive from selection of the species based on intrinsic or acquired resistance to antibiotics, biocides, heavy metals or by a natural tolerance to extreme conditions. High-quality surveillance of the emergence of resistance to the key drugs used in primary therapy is mandatory.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plasmids
PubMed: 32185838
DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14454