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British Journal of Community Nursing Dec 2019
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; United Kingdom
PubMed: 31800314
DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2019.24.12.612 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... May 2021The overuse, misuse, and underuse of antibiotics tend to increase the antibiotic burden in the environment resulting into the evolution in microbial community to possess... (Review)
Review
The overuse, misuse, and underuse of antibiotics tend to increase the antibiotic burden in the environment resulting into the evolution in microbial community to possess resistance that renders antibiotics ineffective against them. The current review recapitulates the present state of knowledge about the occurrence and fate of antibiotics in various environmental matrices. Also, the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria/antibiotic-resistant genes (ARB/ARGs) in various biological and non-biological systems, eco-toxicity of antibiotics on non-target organisms, and remediation methods for antibiotics and ARB/ARGs removal were critically reviewed. Furthermore, a comparison of various technologies for their efficiency to eliminate antibiotic residues and ARB/ARGs is made. The study identified gaps in the investigation of toxic effects of low concentration of antibiotics and the mixture of multiple antibiotics on non-target organisms. The study of antibiotics' phytotoxicity and toxicity towards sediment and soil-dwelling organisms are also recognized as a knowledge gap. The review also details policies implemented across the globe to fight against antibiotic resistance, and the scarcity of data on lab to land transferred remediation technology was identified. The present study entails a critical review of literature providing guidelines for the articulation of policies for prudent use of antibiotics, limits on the amount of antibiotics in pharmaceutical formulations, and regular surveillance in the Indian context.
Topics: Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Genes, Bacterial; Wastewater
PubMed: 33765260
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13143-x -
Bioresource Technology Feb 2023The overuse and improper disposal of antibiotics results in antibiotic resistance. This raises concern over the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in...
The overuse and improper disposal of antibiotics results in antibiotic resistance. This raises concern over the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in waterways and pose health risks of antibiotic resistant infections to water recreationists. The purpose of this study was to monitor water quality, microbial ecology, and antibiotic resistance in water and biofilm on submerged plastics at two public boat launches in southeastern Louisiana. Water and biofilm samples were collected once a month, in triplicate, from two public boat launches in Louisiana, USA for a year. Water quality metrics included nitrate, ammonia, sulfate, phosphate, and organic carbon. Water samples were tested for total and fecal coliform abundance and the presence of ARB. Out of 131 bacterial isolates studied from these two sites, 86% of them tested positive for antibiotic resistance with multi-drug resistance. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) for sulfonamide (sul2), bacitracin (bacA) and ampicillin (ampA) were identified in bacterial isolates from water and biofilm samples at both sites. Molecular genetic diversity analysis identified distinct taxonomic diversity differences in biofilm bacteria compared to the planktonic bacteria in the surrounding water. Biofilm samples showed increased diversity at the phylum, genus, and species levels.
Topics: Water Quality; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Genes, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36584719
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128546 -
Bioscience Trends Feb 2016Nosocomial infection is a kind of infection, which is spread in various hospital environments, and leads to many serious diseases (e.g. pneumonia, urinary tract... (Review)
Review
Nosocomial infection is a kind of infection, which is spread in various hospital environments, and leads to many serious diseases (e.g. pneumonia, urinary tract infection, gastroenteritis, and puerperal fever), and causes higher mortality than community-acquired infection. Bacteria are predominant among all the nosocomial infection-associated pathogens, thus a large number of antibiotics, such as aminoglycosides, penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems, are adopted in clinical treatment. However, in recent years antibiotic resistance quickly spreads worldwide and causes a critical threat to public health. The predominant bacteria include Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii. In these bacteria, resistance emerged from antibiotic resistant genes and many of those can be exchanged between bacteria. With technical advances, molecular mechanisms of resistance have been gradually unveiled. In this review, recent advances in knowledge about mechanisms by which (i) bacteria hydrolyze antibiotics (e.g. extended spectrum β-lactamases, (ii) AmpC β-lactamases, carbapenemases), (iii) avoid antibiotic targeting (e.g. mutated vanA and mecA genes), (iv) prevent antibiotic permeation (e.g. porin deficiency), or (v) excrete intracellular antibiotics (e.g. active efflux pump) are summarized.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Hydrolysis; Mutation; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 26877142
DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01020 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2023The role of microplastics (MPs) in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is increasingly attracting global research attention due to their unique ecological... (Review)
Review
The role of microplastics (MPs) in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is increasingly attracting global research attention due to their unique ecological and environmental effects. The ubiquitous use of plastics and their release into the environment by anthropic/industrial activities are the main sources for MP contamination, especially of water bodies. Because of their physical and chemical characteristics, MPs represent an ideal substrate for microbial colonization and formation of biofilm, where horizontal gene transfer is facilitated. In addition, the widespread and often injudicious use of antibiotics in various human activities leads to their release into the environment, mainly through wastewater. For these reasons, wastewater treatment plants, in particular hospital plants, are considered hotspots for the selection of ARGs and their diffusion in the environment. As a result, the interaction of MPs with drug-resistant bacteria and ARGs make them vectors for the transport and spread of ARGs and harmful microorganisms. Microplastic-associated antimicrobial resistance is an emerging threat to the environment and consequently for human health. More studies are required to better understand the interaction of these pollutants with the environment as well as to identify effective management systems to reduce the related risk.
Topics: Humans; Microplastics; Wastewater; Plastics; Genes, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Hospitals
PubMed: 37239594
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105868 -
European Journal of Clinical... Sep 2019The Actinobacteria phylum is one of the oldest bacterial phyla that have a significant role in medicine and biotechnology. There are a lot of genera in this phylum that... (Review)
Review
The Actinobacteria phylum is one of the oldest bacterial phyla that have a significant role in medicine and biotechnology. There are a lot of genera in this phylum that are causing various types of infections in humans, animals, and plants. As well as antimicrobial agents that are used in medicine for infections treatment or prevention of infections, they have been discovered of various genera in this phylum. To date, resistance to antibiotics is rising in different regions of the world and this is a global health threat. The main purpose of this review is the molecular evolution of antibiotic resistance in the Actinobacteria phylum.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Evolution, Molecular; Humans; Phylogeny
PubMed: 31250336
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03580-5 -
Current Opinion in Biotechnology Feb 2023Streams and rivers are widely impacted by human activities ranging from hydrological modifications to point and nonpoint pollution. Among the pollutants that enter lotic... (Review)
Review
Streams and rivers are widely impacted by human activities ranging from hydrological modifications to point and nonpoint pollution. Among the pollutants that enter lotic ecosystems are pharmaceuticals and personal care products, including antibiotics, that may play a role in the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Oftentimes, ARGs are detected based on culturing of bacteria or by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction; the limitations of these methods create barriers to our understanding. Use of more exhaustive methods, such as metagenomics, may overcome some of these barriers. The public health and ecological impacts of ARGs may be profound but are largely understudied. Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern for public health.
Topics: Humans; Rivers; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Genes, Bacterial; Ecosystem; Drug Resistance, Microbial
PubMed: 36621219
DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102878 -
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Jul 2015Antibiotic resistance in cutaneous Propionobacterium is a global problem. As a general rule, resistance levels are high to macrolides, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and... (Review)
Review
Antibiotic resistance in cutaneous Propionobacterium is a global problem. As a general rule, resistance levels are high to macrolides, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and clindamycin, while tetracyclines and levofloxacin have low resistance potential. Newer preparations like doxycycline MR and doxycycline 20 mg are subantimicrobial and may not lead to resistance. Sampling techniques are crucial to determine resistance. Genomic evaluation using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing can be useful in diagnosing mutations and mapping phylotypes of Propionobacterium acnes. Resistance may lead to slow response and relapses. Apart from benzoyl peroxide, azelaic acid, topical dapsone, oral zinc and retinoids, novel molecules with little resistance potential include octadecenedioic acid, phytosphingosine, lauric acid, retapamulin, resveratrol, T-3912 and NB-003. The use of oral retinoids and non-antibiotics like zinc can prevent resistance and help reduce the dependence on antibiotics.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Disease Management; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Global Health; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 26025191
DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1040765 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2023The construction and screening of metagenomic expression libraries have a great potential to identify novel genes with desired functions. Here, we describe metagenomic...
The construction and screening of metagenomic expression libraries have a great potential to identify novel genes with desired functions. Here, we describe metagenomic library preparation from fecal DNA, screening of libraries for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), massively parallel DNA sequencing of the enriched DNA fragments, and a computational pipeline for high-throughput assembly and annotation of functionally selected DNA.
Topics: Metagenomics; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Metagenome; Gene Library; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 36445596
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2855-3_21 -
Proteomics Apr 2022Antibiotic resistance, the ability of a microbial pathogen to evade the effects of antibiotics thereby allowing them to grow under elevated drug concentrations, is an... (Review)
Review
Antibiotic resistance, the ability of a microbial pathogen to evade the effects of antibiotics thereby allowing them to grow under elevated drug concentrations, is an alarming health problem worldwide and has attracted the attention of scientists for decades. On the other hand, the clinical importance of persistence and tolerance as alternative mechanisms for pathogens to survive prolonged lethal antibiotic doses has recently become increasingly appreciated. Persisters and high-tolerance populations are thought to cause the relapse of infectious diseases, and provide opportunities for the pathogens to evolve resistance during the course of antibiotic therapy. Although proteomics and other omics methodology have long been employed to study resistance, its applications in studying persistence and tolerance are still limited. However, due to the growing interest in the topic and recent progress in method developments to study them, there have been some proteomic studies that yield fresh insights into the phenomenon of persistence and tolerance. Combined with the studies on resistance, these collectively guide us to novel molecular targets for the potential drugs for the control of these dangerous pathogens. In this review, we surveyed previous proteomic studies to investigate resistance, persistence, and tolerance mechanisms, and discussed emerging experimental strategies for studying these phenotypes with a combination of adaptive laboratory evolution and high-throughput proteomics.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Tolerance; Proteomics
PubMed: 35143120
DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100409