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Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Jul 2022Recently, drug resistance resulted from the extensive abuse and over-use of antibiotics has posed a great threat to human health. Scholars have conducted numerous... (Review)
Review
Recently, drug resistance resulted from the extensive abuse and over-use of antibiotics has posed a great threat to human health. Scholars have conducted numerous studies on the impacts of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in different types of environments. Aerosol is not only a potential reservoir for ARGs, but also an important route for transmission of ARGs in the environment. However, a systematic summary of its sources, transmission, human exposure, and health risks is lacking. This review focused on four types of typical sites for aerosol research: human functional living places, farms, urban wastewater treatment plants, and hospitals. The sources, transmission routes, human exposure, and health risks of ARGs in the aerosol of these four typical sites were reviewed. This article also provides a reference for prevention and control of ARGs in aerosols.
Topics: Aerosols; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Genes, Bacterial; Humans; Wastewater
PubMed: 35871614
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.210829 -
Current Opinion in Biotechnology Aug 2017The rising prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria is an increasingly serious public health challenge. To address this problem, recent work ranging from clinical... (Review)
Review
The rising prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria is an increasingly serious public health challenge. To address this problem, recent work ranging from clinical studies to theoretical modeling has provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of resistance, its emergence and spread, and ways to counteract it. A deeper understanding of the underlying dynamics of resistance evolution will require a combination of experimental and theoretical expertise from different disciplines and new technology for studying evolution in the laboratory. Here, we review recent advances in the quantitative understanding of the mechanisms and evolution of antibiotic resistance. We focus on key theoretical concepts and new technology that enables well-controlled experiments. We further highlight key challenges that can be met in the near future to ultimately develop effective strategies for combating resistance.
Topics: Bacteria; Cell Physiological Phenomena; Directed Molecular Evolution; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Epistasis, Genetic; Humans; Mutation
PubMed: 28292709
DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.02.013 -
Progress in Molecular Biology and... 2021CRISPR-Cas system, antibiotic resistance and virulence are different modes of survival for the bacteria. CRISPR-Cas is an adaptive immune system that can degrade foreign...
CRISPR-Cas system, antibiotic resistance and virulence are different modes of survival for the bacteria. CRISPR-Cas is an adaptive immune system that can degrade foreign DNA, antibiotic resistance helps bacteria to evade drugs that can threaten their existence and virulence determinants are offensive tools that can facilitate the establishment of infection by pathogens. This chapter focuses on these three aspects, providing insights about the CRISPR system and resistance mechanisms in brief, followed by understanding the synergistic or antagonistic relationship of resistance and virulence determinants in connection to the CRISPR system. We have addressed the discussion of this evolving topic through specific examples and studies. Different approaches for successful detection of this unique defense system in bacteria and various applications of the CRISPR-Cas systems to show how it can be harnessed to tackle the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance have been put forth. World Health Organization has declared antibiotic resistance as a serious global problem of the 21st century. As antibiotic-resistant bacteria increase their footprint across the globe, newer tools such as the CRISPR-Cas system hold immense promise to tackle this problem.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Virulence
PubMed: 33685595
DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.12.005 -
MBio Feb 2023Antibiotic resistance is a major medical and public health challenge, characterized by global increases in the prevalence of resistant strains. The conventional view is... (Review)
Review
Antibiotic resistance is a major medical and public health challenge, characterized by global increases in the prevalence of resistant strains. The conventional view is that all antibiotic resistance is problematic, even when not in pathogens. Resistance in commensal bacteria poses risks, as resistant organisms can provide a reservoir of resistance genes that can be horizontally transferred to pathogens or may themselves cause opportunistic infections in the future. While these risks are real, we propose that commensal resistance can also generate benefits during antibiotic treatment of human infection, by promoting continued ecological suppression of pathogens. To define and illustrate this alternative conceptual perspective, we use a two-species mathematical model to identify the necessary and sufficient ecological conditions for beneficial resistance. We show that the benefits are limited to species (or strain) interactions where commensals suppress pathogen growth and are maximized when commensals compete with, rather than prey on or otherwise exploit pathogens. By identifying benefits of commensal resistance, we propose that rather than strictly minimizing all resistance, resistance management may be better viewed as an optimization problem. We discuss implications in two applied contexts: bystander (nontarget) selection within commensal microbiomes and pathogen treatment given polymicrobial infections. Antibiotic resistance is commonly viewed as universally costly, regardless of which bacterial cells express resistance. Here, we derive an opposing logic, where resistance in commensal bacteria can lead to reductions in pathogen density and improved outcomes on both the patient and public health scales. We use a mathematical model of commensal-pathogen interactions to define the necessary and sufficient conditions for beneficial resistance, highlighting the importance of reciprocal ecological inhibition to maximize the benefits of resistance. More broadly, we argue that determining the benefits as well as the costs of resistances in human microbiomes can transform resistance management from a minimization to an optimization problem. We discuss applied contexts and close with a review of key resistance optimization dimensions, including the magnitude, spectrum, and mechanism of resistance.
Topics: Humans; Bacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Symbiosis; Microbiota; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 36475750
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01349-22 -
Journal of Exposure Science &... Jan 2020The indoor environment is an important source of microbial exposures for its human occupants. While we naturally want to favor positive health outcomes, built... (Review)
Review
The indoor environment is an important source of microbial exposures for its human occupants. While we naturally want to favor positive health outcomes, built environment design and operation may counter-intuitively favor negative health outcomes, particularly with regard to antibiotic resistance. Indoor environments contain microbes from both human and non-human origins, providing a unique venue for microbial interactions, including horizontal gene transfer. Furthermore, stressors present in the built environment could favor the exchange of genetic material in general and the retention of antibiotic resistance genes in particular. Intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance both pose a potential threat to human health; these phenomena need to be considered and controlled separately. The presence of both environmental and human-associated microbes, along with their associated antibiotic resistance genes, in the face of stressors, including antimicrobial chemicals, creates a unique opportunity for the undesirable spread of antibiotic resistance. In this review, we summarize studies and findings related to various interactions between human-associated bacteria, environmental bacteria, and built environment conditions, and particularly their relation to antibiotic resistance, aiming to guide "healthy" building design.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Ecology; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Humans
PubMed: 31591493
DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0171-0 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Dec 2021The oceans are increasingly polluted with plastic debris, and several studies have implicated plastic as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes and a potential...
The oceans are increasingly polluted with plastic debris, and several studies have implicated plastic as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes and a potential vector for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Bioplastic is widely regarded as an environmentally friendly replacement to conventional petroleum-based plastic, but the effects of bioplastic pollution on marine environments remain largely unknown. Here, we present the first evidence that bioplastic accumulates antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and metal resistance genes (MRGs) in marine sediments. Biofilms fouling ceramic, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) were investigated by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Four ARG groups were more abundant in PHA: trimethoprim resistance (TMP), multidrug resistance (MDR), macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistance (MLS), and polymyxin resistance (PMR). One MRG group was more abundant in PHA: multimetal resistance (MMR). The relative abundance of ARGs and MRGs were strongly correlated based on a Mantel test between the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrices (R = 0.97, p < 0.05) and a Pearson's analysis (R = 0.96, p < 0.05). ARGs were detected in more than 40% of the 57 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) while MRGs were detected in more than 90% of the MAGs. Further investigation (e.g., culturing, genome sequencing, antibiotic susceptibility testing) revealed that PHA biofilms were colonized by hemolytic Bacillus cereus group bacteria that were resistant to beta-lactams, vancomycin, and bacitracin. Taken together, our findings indicate that bioplastic, like conventional petroleum-based plastic, is a reservoir for resistance genes and a potential vector for antibiotic-resistant bacteria in coastal marine sediments.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Genes, Bacterial; Geologic Sediments; Metagenomics
PubMed: 34537596
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118161 -
The Lancet. Planetary Health Jan 2018
Topics: Drug Resistance, Microbial; Environment; Health Policy; Humans; United Nations
PubMed: 29615200
DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30182-1 -
ELife Apr 2021Bacteria carry antibiotic resistant genes on movable sections of DNA that allow them to select the relevant genes on demand.
Bacteria carry antibiotic resistant genes on movable sections of DNA that allow them to select the relevant genes on demand.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Integrons
PubMed: 33820602
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.68070 -
Annals of the New York Academy of... Jul 2021Antibiotic resistance has reached dangerously high levels throughout the world. A growing number of bacteria pose an urgent, serious, and concerning threat to public... (Review)
Review
Antibiotic resistance has reached dangerously high levels throughout the world. A growing number of bacteria pose an urgent, serious, and concerning threat to public health. Few new antibiotics are available to clinicians and only few are in development, highlighting the need for new strategies to overcome the antibiotic resistance crisis. Combining existing antibiotics with phages, viruses the infect bacteria, is an attractive and promising alternative to standalone therapies. Phage-antibiotic combinations have been shown to suppress the emergence of resistance in bacteria, and sometimes even reverse it. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which phage-antibiotic combinations reduce resistance evolution, and the potential limitations these mechanisms have in steering microbial resistance evolution in a desirable direction. We also emphasize the importance of gaining a better understanding of mechanisms behind physiological and evolutionary phage-antibiotic interactions in complex in-patient environments.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacteriophages; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Evolution, Molecular; Genes, Bacterial; Phage Therapy
PubMed: 33175408
DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14533 -
Revue de L'infirmiere Oct 2023Antibiotic resistance is a threat to human medicine. Preventing the risk of infection and participating in the proper use of antibiotics are part of nurses' mission to...
Antibiotic resistance is a threat to human medicine. Preventing the risk of infection and participating in the proper use of antibiotics are part of nurses' mission to combat this phenomenon, in partnership with their colleagues who are experts in hygiene and infectiology.
Topics: Humans; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Hygiene; Nurses
PubMed: 37838367
DOI: 10.1016/j.revinf.2023.08.007