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Viruses May 2023Infectious diseases represent one of the major public health concerns on the global level [...].
Infectious diseases represent one of the major public health concerns on the global level [...].
Topics: Antibody Formation; RNA Viruses; Public Health
PubMed: 37243299
DOI: 10.3390/v15051214 -
PLoS Pathogens Aug 2020
Topics: Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibody Formation; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Autoantigens; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Ribonucleoproteins
PubMed: 32760166
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008657 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023The humoral response is frequently dysfunctioning in autoimmunity with a frequent rise in total serum immunoglobulins, among which are found autoantibodies that may be... (Review)
Review
The humoral response is frequently dysfunctioning in autoimmunity with a frequent rise in total serum immunoglobulins, among which are found autoantibodies that may be pathogenic by themselves and/or propagate the inflammatory reaction. The infiltration of autoimmune tissues by antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) constitutes another dysfunction. The known high dependency of ASCs on the microenvironment to survive combined to the high diversity of infiltrated tissues implies that ASCs must adapt. Some tissues even within a single clinical autoimmune entity are devoid of infiltration. The latter means that either the tissue is not permissive or ASCs fail to adapt. The origin of infiltrated ASCs is also variable. Indeed, ASCs may be commonly generated in the secondary lymphoid organ draining the autoimmune tissue, and home at the inflammation site under the guidance of specific chemokines. Alternatively, ASCs may be generated locally, when ectopic germinal centers are formed in the autoimmune tissue. Alloimmune tissues with the example of kidney transplantation will also be discussed own to their high similarity with autoimmune tissues. It should also be noted that antibody production is not the only function of ASCs, since cells with regulatory functions have also been described. This article will review all the phenotypic variations indicative of tissue adaptation described so for at the level of ASC-infiltrating auto/alloimmune tissues. The aim is to potentially define tissue-specific molecular targets in ASCs to improve the specificity of future autoimmune treatments.
Topics: Antibody-Producing Cells; Autoantibodies; Antibody Formation; Autoimmunity; Chemokines
PubMed: 36895558
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111366 -
Trends in Parasitology Mar 2015In areas with stable transmission of Plasmodium falciparum parasites, even partially-protective immunity to malaria is acquired only after years of exposure and several... (Review)
Review
In areas with stable transmission of Plasmodium falciparum parasites, even partially-protective immunity to malaria is acquired only after years of exposure and several infections. It has long been speculated that malaria parasites are directly able to undermine the establishment and maintenance of immunological memory, and that the often transient antibody responses to this parasite are evidence of such a dysfunction. We propose that long-lived antibody responses may not always be a prerequisite for protection, and that antibody longevity varies in an exposure- and age-dependent manner.
Topics: Age Factors; Antibodies, Protozoan; Antibody Formation; B-Lymphocytes; Humans; Immunologic Memory; Malaria, Falciparum; Plasmodium falciparum
PubMed: 25596801
DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2014.12.009 -
Science Immunology Apr 2023The coevolution of multiple specialized T follicular regulatory cell subsets has led to fine-tuning of human germinal center responses in providing optimal antibody... (Review)
Review
The coevolution of multiple specialized T follicular regulatory cell subsets has led to fine-tuning of human germinal center responses in providing optimal antibody production and preventing events leading to autoimmunity (see the related Research Article by Le Coz .).
Topics: Humans; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Germinal Center; Autoimmunity; Antibody Formation
PubMed: 37027479
DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adg7526 -
The Journal of Experimental Medicine May 2017Tissue adaptation is an intrinsic component of immune cell development, influencing both resistance to pathogens and tolerance. Chronically stimulated surfaces of the... (Review)
Review
Tissue adaptation is an intrinsic component of immune cell development, influencing both resistance to pathogens and tolerance. Chronically stimulated surfaces of the body, in particular the gut mucosa, are the major sites where immune cells traffic and reside. Their adaptation to these environments requires constant discrimination between natural stimulation coming from harmless microbiota and food, and pathogens that need to be cleared. This review will focus on the adaptation of lymphocytes to the gut mucosa, a highly specialized environment that can help us understand the plasticity of leukocytes arriving at various tissue sites and how tissue-related factors operate to shape immune cell fate and function.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Antibody Formation; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Intestinal Mucosa; Lymphocytes; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
PubMed: 28432200
DOI: 10.1084/jem.20162014 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Sep 2022Respiratory and digestive mucosal surfaces are continually exposed to common environmental antigens, which include potential allergens. Although innocuous in healthy... (Review)
Review
Respiratory and digestive mucosal surfaces are continually exposed to common environmental antigens, which include potential allergens. Although innocuous in healthy individuals, allergens cause allergy in predisposed subjects and do so by triggering a pathologic T2 cell response that induces IgE class switching and somatic hypermutation in allergen-specific B cells. The ensuing affinity maturation and plasma cell differentiation lead to the abnormal release of high-affinity IgE that binds to powerful FcεRI receptors on basophils and mast cells. When cross-linked by allergen, FcεRI-bound IgE instigates the release of prestored and de novo-induced proinflammatory mediators. Aside from causing type I hypersensitivity reactions underlying allergy, IgE affords protection against nematodes or venoms from insects and snakes, which raises questions as to the fundamental differences between protective and pathogenic IgE responses. In this review, we discuss the impact of the mucosal environment, including the epithelial and mucus barriers, on the induction of protective IgE responses against environmental antigens. We further discuss how perturbations of these barriers may contribute to the induction of pathogenic IgE production.
Topics: Allergens; Antibody Formation; Basophils; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin E; Receptors, IgE
PubMed: 36075636
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.07.007 -
Oncoimmunology 2022
Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Ferroptosis; Marsupialia
PubMed: 36185805
DOI: 10.1080/2162402X.2022.2127273 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2020Improving understanding of the bovine adaptive immune response would equip researchers to more efficiently design interventions against pathogens that impact upon food... (Review)
Review
Improving understanding of the bovine adaptive immune response would equip researchers to more efficiently design interventions against pathogens that impact upon food security and animal welfare. There are features of the bovine antibody response that differ substantially from other mammalian species, including the best understood models in the human and mouse. These include the ability to generate a functionally diverse immunoglobulin response despite having a fraction of the germline gene diversity that underpins this process in humans and mice, and the unique structure of a subset of immunoglobulins with "ultralong" HCDR3 domains, which are of significant interest with respect to potential therapeutics, including against human pathogens. However, a more detailed understanding of the B cell response and the production of an effective antibody response in the bovine is currently hampered by the lack of reagents for the B cell lineage. In this article we outline the current state of knowledge and capabilities with regard to B cell and antibody responses in cattle, highlight resource gaps, and summarize recent advances that have the potential to fundamentally advance our understanding of this process in the bovine host.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; B-Lymphocytes; Cattle
PubMed: 32595642
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01175 -
Trends in Immunology May 2020Influenza viruses are a major public health problem, causing severe respiratory diseases. Vaccines offer the effective protective strategy against influenza virus... (Review)
Review
Influenza viruses are a major public health problem, causing severe respiratory diseases. Vaccines offer the effective protective strategy against influenza virus infection. However, the systemic and adaptive immune responses to infection and vaccination are quite different. Inactivated vaccines are the best available countermeasure to induce effective antibodies against the emerged virus, but the response is narrow compared with potential breadth of virus infection. There is solid evidence to indicate that antibody responses to natural infection are relatively broad and exhibit quite different immunodominance patterns. Furthermore, T follicular helper cells (T) and germinal center (GC) responses play a central role in generating broad protective antibodies. In this review, we discuss recent advances on the contribution of T and GC responses to the breadth of antibody responses.
Topics: Antibodies, Viral; Antibody Formation; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Orthomyxoviridae; Vaccination
PubMed: 32265127
DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.03.005