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International Reviews of Immunology 2023As a natural function, antibodies defend the host from infected cells and pathogens by recognizing their pathogenic determinants. Antibodies (Abs) gained wide acceptance... (Review)
Review
As a natural function, antibodies defend the host from infected cells and pathogens by recognizing their pathogenic determinants. Antibodies (Abs) gained wide acceptance with an enormous impact on human health and have predominantly captured the arena of bio-therapeutics and bio-diagnostics. The scope of Ab-based biologics is vast, and it is likely to solve many unmet clinical needs in future. The majority of attention is now devoted to developing innovative technologies for manufacturing and engineering Abs, better suited to satisfy human needs. The advent of Ab engineering technologies (AET) led to phenomenal developments leading to the generation of Abs-/Ab-derived molecules with desirable functional properties proportional to their expanding requirements. Evolution brought by AET, from the naturally occurring Ab forms to several advanced Ab formats and derivatives, was much needed as it is of great interest to the pharmaceutical industry. Thus, numerous advancements in AET have propelled success in therapeutic Ab development, along with the potential for ever-increasing improvements. Unique characteristics of Abs, such as its diversity, specificity, structural integrity and an array of possible applications, together inspire continuous innovation in the field. Overall, the AET could assist in conquer of several limitations of Abs in terms of their applicability in the field of therapeutics, diagnostics and research; AET has so far led to the production of next-generation Abs, which have revolutionized these arenas. Here in this review, we discuss the various distinguished engineering platforms for Ab development and the progress in modern therapeutics by the so-called "next-generation Abs."
Topics: Humans; Protein Engineering; Antibodies, Bispecific; Immunotherapy
PubMed: 34355613
DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1960986 -
Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports Dec 2016While antibody-based therapies have emerged as clinically effective approaches for several hematologic and solid malignancies, they have not played a significant role to... (Review)
Review
While antibody-based therapies have emerged as clinically effective approaches for several hematologic and solid malignancies, they have not played a significant role to date in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). More recently, improvements in antibody-drug conjugate technology, bispecific antibodies, as well as identification of novel AML antigens have re-invigorated enthusiasm for antibody-based therapies for AML. This review describes experiences with former and existing antibody-based therapies for AML, including unconjugated antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), radio-labelled antibodies, and immune-engaging antibodies, and discusses the promise and challenges associated with each.
Topics: Aminoglycosides; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Gemtuzumab; Humans; Immunoconjugates; Interleukin-3 Receptor alpha Subunit; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Radioimmunotherapy; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3
PubMed: 27734262
DOI: 10.1007/s11899-016-0349-7 -
International Review of Cell and... 2019The targeted delivery of bioactive molecules to the appropriate site of action, one of the critical focuses of pharmaceutical research, improves therapeutic outcomes and... (Review)
Review
The targeted delivery of bioactive molecules to the appropriate site of action, one of the critical focuses of pharmaceutical research, improves therapeutic outcomes and increases safety at the same time; a concept envisaged by Ehrlich over 100 years ago when he described the "magic bullet" model. In the following decades, a considerable amount of research effort combined with enormous investment has carried selective drug targeting into clinical practice via the advent of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody-drug conjugates derivatives. Additionally, a deeper understanding of physiopathological conditions of disease has permitted the tailored design of targeted drug delivery platforms that carry drugs, many copies of the same drug, and different drugs in combination to the appropriate site of action least selectively or preferentially. The acquired know-how has provided the field with the design rationale to develop a successful delivery system that will provide new and improved means to treat many intractable diseases and disorders. In this review, we discuss a wide range of molecular platforms for drug delivery, and focus on those with more success in the clinic, given their potential for targeted therapies.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Immunoconjugates; Liposomes; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasms
PubMed: 31122392
DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.03.001 -
Viruses Jul 2023This review is focused on the use of hyperimmune globulin therapy to treat some infectious diseases of viral or bacterial origin. Despite the introduction of antibiotics... (Review)
Review
This review is focused on the use of hyperimmune globulin therapy to treat some infectious diseases of viral or bacterial origin. Despite the introduction of antibiotics and vaccines, plasma immunoglobulin therapy from whole blood donation can still play a key role. These treatments provide passive transfer of high-titer antibodies that either reduces the risk or the severity of the infection and offer immediate but short-term protection against specific diseases. Antibody preparations derived from immunized human donors are commonly used for the prophylaxis and treatment of rabies, hepatitis A and B viruses, varicella-zoster virus, and pneumonia caused by respiratory syncytial virus, , . The use of hyperimmune globulin therapy is a promising challenge, especially for the treatment of emerging viral infections for which there are no specific therapies or licensed vaccines.
Topics: Humans; Immunoglobulins; Globulins; Immunization, Passive; Vaccines; Communicable Diseases; Antibodies, Viral
PubMed: 37515229
DOI: 10.3390/v15071543 -
Immunotherapy Jul 2016Nanoparticles (NPs) are diverse and versatile with physical properties that can be employed for use in cancer medicine. Targeting NPs using antibodies and antibody... (Review)
Review
Nanoparticles (NPs) are diverse and versatile with physical properties that can be employed for use in cancer medicine. Targeting NPs using antibodies and antibody fragments could overcome some of the limitations seen with current targeted therapies. This review will discuss the role of antibody-targeted NPs in the treatment of cancer: as delivery vehicles, targeted theranostic agents and in the evolving field of cancer hyperthermia.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Drug Delivery Systems; Folic Acid; Humans; Hyperthermia, Induced; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Single-Chain Antibodies; Theranostic Nanomedicine
PubMed: 27381686
DOI: 10.2217/imt.16.11 -
Med (New York, N.Y.) Feb 2023With the increasing use of antibody therapeutics, clinicians are faced with challenges of precisely stratifying patients and promptly assessing response to treatment....
With the increasing use of antibody therapeutics, clinicians are faced with challenges of precisely stratifying patients and promptly assessing response to treatment. Antibody theranostics combines the advantages of radionuclides and antibodies (or antibody derivatives) to systematically integrate targeted diagnostics and therapeutics and will play important roles in precision medicine.
Topics: Humans; Precision Medicine; Antibodies; Radioisotopes
PubMed: 36724783
DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.01.001 -
Seminars in Hematology Nov 2023Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoma and a heterogeneous B-cell disease. The majority of patients with newly diagnosed disease are cured... (Review)
Review
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoma and a heterogeneous B-cell disease. The majority of patients with newly diagnosed disease are cured with first-line combination immunochemotherapy treatment however, those who experience treatment failure have dismal outcomes. Antibody therapies and immunotherapy have provided the single most major advance in the treatment of DLBCL in the last 4 decades. Rituximab, the first immunotherapy, and a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20, improved DLBCL overall survival when added to chemotherapy 2 decades ago. Since then, the advent of further "naked" monoclonal antibodies that target malignant B-cells or stimulate the immune system to kill cancer, as well as antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies have all entered the DLBCL armamentarium; with 5 antibody therapy approvals in the last 6 years alone. Here we review the literature on antibodies and immunotherapies for DLBCL and the future directions involving this successful group of drugs.
Topics: Humans; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Rituximab; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Immunotherapy; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
PubMed: 38072722
DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2023.11.001 -
American Journal of Hematology Mar 2023Immune therapies, including CAR-T cells, bispecific antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates, are revolutionizing the treatment of multiple myeloma. In this review, we... (Review)
Review
Immune therapies, including CAR-T cells, bispecific antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates, are revolutionizing the treatment of multiple myeloma. In this review, we discuss clinical trial design considerations relevant to immune therapies. We first examine issues pertinent to specific populations, including elderly, patients with renal impairment, high-risk/extramedullary disease, and prior immune therapies. We then highlight trial designs to optimize the selection of dose and schedule, explore rational combination therapies based on preclinical data, and evaluate the nuances of commonly used endpoints. By exploiting their pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles and utilizing novel translational insights, we can optimize the use of immune therapies in multiple myeloma.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Multiple Myeloma; Antibodies, Bispecific; Immunoconjugates; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Combined Modality Therapy
PubMed: 36200130
DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26753 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2021Worldwide, cancer is a serious health concern due to the increasing rates of incidence and mortality. Conventional cancer imaging, diagnosis and treatment practices... (Review)
Review
Worldwide, cancer is a serious health concern due to the increasing rates of incidence and mortality. Conventional cancer imaging, diagnosis and treatment practices continue to substantially contribute to the fight against cancer. However, these practices do have some risks, adverse effects and limitations, which can affect patient outcomes. Although antibodies have been developed, successfully used and proven beneficial in various oncology practices, the use of antibodies also comes with certain challenges and limitations (large in size, poor tumor penetration, high immunogenicity and a long half-life). Therefore, it is vital to develop new ways to visualize, diagnose and treat cancer. Nanobodies are novel antigen-binding fragments that possess many advantageous properties (small in size, low immunogenicity and a short half-life). Thus, the use of nanobodies in cancer practices may overcome the challenges experienced with using traditional antibodies. In this review, we discuss (1) the challenges with antibody usage and the superior qualities of nanobodies; (2) the use of antibodies and nanobodies in cancer imaging, diagnosis, drug delivery and therapy (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy); and (3) the potential improvements in oncology practices due to the use of nanobodies as compared to antibodies.
Topics: Antibodies; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; Single-Domain Antibodies
PubMed: 34575943
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189778 -
The Medical Clinics of North America Nov 2015Biologic therapy has dramatically changed the way medicine, and specifically dermatology, is practiced today. The use of biologic agents in dermatology is evolving, with... (Review)
Review
Biologic therapy has dramatically changed the way medicine, and specifically dermatology, is practiced today. The use of biologic agents in dermatology is evolving, with psoriasis being the most common indication for which biologics are used currently. However, several other dermatologic diseases seem to be responsive to biologic therapy, and continuing research and development efforts are elucidating the benefit-risk profiles of various biologic medications in these dermatologic conditions. Although biologic agents have revolutionized the management of dermatologic conditions, cost must also be considered when evaluating management options, especially compared with traditional agents. For example, the cost of 1 year of induction and maintenance treatment of psoriasis in 2014 was estimated to be $53,909 for ustekinumab, $46,395 for etanercept, and $39,041 for adalimumab. Nonetheless, because of their efficacy, the cost of a biologic may be offset by significant reductions in the number of hospital stays, reduction in use of other systemic therapies, and increased satisfaction by patients.32 Thus, understanding their mechanisms of action, labeled and off-label uses in dermatology, and common adverse effects helps to inform clinical decision making and improve patient outcomes.
Topics: Adalimumab; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Dermatologic Agents; Etanercept; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Infliximab; Interleukins; Rituximab; Skin Diseases; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Ustekinumab
PubMed: 26476247
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2015.07.008