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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023The dramatic rise in cancer incidence, alongside treatment deficiencies, has elevated cancer to the second-leading cause of death globally. The increasing morbidity and... (Review)
Review
The dramatic rise in cancer incidence, alongside treatment deficiencies, has elevated cancer to the second-leading cause of death globally. The increasing morbidity and mortality of this disease can be traced back to a number of causes, including treatment-related side effects, drug resistance, inadequate curative treatment and tumor relapse. Recently, anti-cancer bioactive peptides (ACPs) have emerged as a potential therapeutic choice within the pharmaceutical arsenal due to their high penetration, specificity and fewer side effects. In this contribution, we present a general overview of the literature concerning the conformational structures, modes of action and membrane interaction mechanisms of ACPs, as well as provide recent examples of their successful employment as targeting ligands in cancer treatment. The use of ACPs as a diagnostic tool is summarized, and their advantages in these applications are highlighted. This review expounds on the main approaches for peptide synthesis along with their reconstruction and modification needed to enhance their therapeutic effect. Computational approaches that could predict therapeutic efficacy and suggest ACP candidates for experimental studies are discussed. Future research prospects in this rapidly expanding area are also offered.
Topics: Humans; Antineoplastic Agents; Neoplasms; Peptides
PubMed: 36770815
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031148 -
Chemico-biological Interactions Dec 2022Peptide therapy has started since 1920s with the advent of insulin application, and now it has emerged as a new approach in treatment of diseases including cancer. Using... (Review)
Review
Peptide therapy has started since 1920s with the advent of insulin application, and now it has emerged as a new approach in treatment of diseases including cancer. Using anti-cancer peptides (ACPs) is a promising way of cancer therapy as ACPs are continuing to be approved and arrived at major pharmaceutical markets. Traditional cancer treatments face different problems like intensive adverse effects to patient's body, cell resistance to conventional chemical drugs and in some worse cases the occurrence of cell multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancerous tissues against chemotherapy. On the other hand, there are some benefits conceived for peptides usage in treatment of diseases specifically cancer, as these compounds present favorable characteristics such as smaller size, high activity, low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility in vivo, convenient and rapid way of synthesis, amenable to sequence modification and revision and there is no limitation for the type of cargo they carry. It is possible to achieve an optimum molecular and functional structure of peptides based on previous experience and bank of peptide motif data which may result in novel peptide design. Bioactive peptides are able to form pores in cell membrane and induce necrosis or apoptosis of abnormal cells. Moreover, recent researches have focused on the tumor recognizing peptide motifs with the ability to permeate to cancerous cells with the aim of cancer treatment at earlier stages. In this strategy the most important factors for addressing cancer are choosing peptides with easy accessibility to tumor cell without cytotoxicity effect towards normal cells. The peptides must also meet acceptable pharmacokinetic requirements. In this review, the characteristics of peptides and cancer cells are discussed. The various mechanisms of peptides' action proposed against cancer cells make the next part of discussion. It will be followed by giving information on peptides application, various methods of peptide designing along with introducing various databases. Future aspects of peptides for employing in area of cancer treatment come as conclusion at the end.
Topics: Humans; Antineoplastic Agents; Peptides; Neoplasms; Apoptosis; Cell Membrane
PubMed: 36195187
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110194 -
Current Drug Targets 2018Polysaccharides are widely found in animals, plants and micro- organisms, and are closely related to various physiological functions. It is one of the four basic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Polysaccharides are widely found in animals, plants and micro- organisms, and are closely related to various physiological functions. It is one of the four basic substances that constitute life activities. Polysaccharide has antitumor, antivirus, antioxidant, immune regulation and other biological activities.
OBJECTIVE
Because the polysaccharide has significant antitumor effect and small side-effects, it has become the focus of the current antitumor drug research.
RESULTS
Herein, the polysaccharide species with antitumor effect were summarized in recent years, and the antitumor activity mechanisms of polysaccharides were analyzed and discussed.
CONCLUSION
Many polysaccharides have good antitumor activity, and they have broad application prospects.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Drug Discovery; Humans; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 28676001
DOI: 10.2174/1389450118666170704143018 -
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2019
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; DNA Damage; DNA, Neoplasm; Humans; Neoplasms
PubMed: 31274063
DOI: 10.2174/156802661909190620154618 -
Profiles of Drug Substances,... 2016Dacarbazine is a cell cycle nonspecific antineoplastic alkylating agent used in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma. This chapter contains the descriptions of... (Review)
Review
Dacarbazine is a cell cycle nonspecific antineoplastic alkylating agent used in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma. This chapter contains the descriptions of the drug: nomenclature, formulae, chemical structure, elemental composition, and appearance. The uses and applications of dacarbazine and the methods that were used for its preparation are reported. The methods which were used for the physical characterization of the drug are ionization constant, solubility, X-ray powder diffraction pattern, crystal structure, melting point, and differential scanning calorimetry. The profile contains the spectra of the drug: ultraviolet spectrum, vibrational spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and mass spectrum. The compendial methods of analysis for dacarbazine include the United States Pharmacopeia methods, British Pharmacopeia methods, and International Pharmacopeia methods. Other reported methods that are used for the analysis of the drug are high-performance liquid chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and polarography. Metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and stability studies on dacarbazine are also included. Reviews of some analytical methods and physicochemical properties of the drug as well as the most important enzymes that are involved in the prodrug activation are provided. Sixty-four references are listed at the end of this monograph.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Dacarbazine; Humans
PubMed: 26940170
DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2015.12.002 -
Drug Development Research May 2024In the recent decade, nanoparticles (NPs) have had enormous implications in cancer biomedicine, including research, diagnosis, and therapy. However, their broad... (Review)
Review
In the recent decade, nanoparticles (NPs) have had enormous implications in cancer biomedicine, including research, diagnosis, and therapy. However, their broad application still faces obstacles due to some practical limitations and requires further development. Recently, there has been more interest in the coated class of nanoparticles to address those challenges. Chitosan-coated NPs are simple to produce, biodegradable, biocompatible, exhibit antibacterial activity, and have less cytotoxicity. This study provides an updated and comprehensive overview of the application of chitosan-coated NPs as a promising class of NPs in cancer biomedicine. Additionally, we discussed chitosan-coated lipid, metal, and polymer-based nanoparticles in biomedical applications. Furthermore, different coating methods and production/characterization procedures were reviewed. Moreover, the biological and physicochemical advantages of chitosan-coated NPs, including facilitated controlled release, greater physicochemical stability, improved cell/tissue interaction, and enhanced bioavailability of medications, were highlighted. Finally, the prospects of chitosan-coated NPs in cancer biomedicine were discussed.
Topics: Chitosan; Humans; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents
PubMed: 38678548
DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22189 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2021Continuous flow chemistry is by now an established and valued synthesis technology regularly exploited in academic and industrial laboratories to bring about the... (Review)
Review
Continuous flow chemistry is by now an established and valued synthesis technology regularly exploited in academic and industrial laboratories to bring about the improved preparation of a variety of molecular structures. Benefits such as better heat and mass transfer, improved process control and safety, a small equipment footprint, as well as the ability to integrate in-line analysis and purification tools into telescoped sequences are often cited when comparing flow to analogous batch processes. In this short review, the latest developments regarding the exploitation of continuous flow protocols towards the synthesis of anticancer drugs are evaluated. Our efforts focus predominately on the period of 2016-2021 and highlight key case studies where either the final active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or its building blocks were produced continuously. It is hoped that this manuscript will serve as a useful synopsis showcasing the impact of continuous flow chemistry towards the generation of important anticancer drugs.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; Technology, Pharmaceutical
PubMed: 34834084
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226992 -
Biopolymers Apr 2021
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; DNA; Humans; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 33202034
DOI: 10.1002/bip.23408 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2021Ideally, antineoplastic treatment aims to selectively eradicate cancer cells without causing systemic toxicity. A great number of antineoplastic agents (AAs) are... (Review)
Review
Ideally, antineoplastic treatment aims to selectively eradicate cancer cells without causing systemic toxicity. A great number of antineoplastic agents (AAs) are available nowadays, with well-defined therapeutic protocols. The poor bioavailability, non-selective action, high systemic toxicity, and lack of effectiveness of most AAs have stimulated the search for novel chemotherapy protocols, including technological approaches that provide drug delivery systems (DDS) for gold standard medicines. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are DDS that contain a core of solid and lipid liquids stabilised by surfactants. NLC have high upload capacity for lipophilic drugs, such as the majority of AAs. These nanoparticles can be prepared with a diversity of biocompatible (synthetic or natural) lipid blends, administered by different routes and functionalised for targeting purposes. This review focused on the research carried out from 2000 to now, regarding NLC formulations for AAs (antimetabolites, antimitotics, alkylating agents, and antibiotics) encapsulation, with special emphasis on studies carried out in vivo. NLC systems for codelivery of AAs were also considered, as well as those for non-classical drugs and therapies (natural products and photosensitisers). NLC have emerged as powerful DDS to improve the bioavailability, targeting and efficacy of antineoplastics, while decreasing their toxic effect in the treatment of different types of cancer.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Biological Availability; Drug Carriers; Drug Compounding; Humans; Lipids; Nanoparticles; Particle Size; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 34834022
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226929 -
Farmacia Hospitalaria : Organo Oficial... Dec 2021Indication of personalized pharmacotherapy in oncologic patients is based on the selection of the optimal treatment (drugs, dosing, routes and methods of... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Indication of personalized pharmacotherapy in oncologic patients is based on the selection of the optimal treatment (drugs, dosing, routes and methods of administration and duration) and on the most appropriate dosing method to achieve maximum antineoplastic efficacy, expressed in terms of remission or relapse-free time and acceptable toxicity for the patients. The aim of this study was to explore the contribution of therapeutic monitoring of plasma concentrations and of the application of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic information available for some widely used drugs to therapeutic personalization to the care of oncologic patients.
METHOD
A complete non-systematic literature review was carried out of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of antineoplastic agents, as well as of the results of their use in clinical practice. The search for high quality articles included primary and secondary bibliographic sources. The benefits of therapeutic monitoring were evaluated for parenteral cytotoxic rugs, oral antineoplastic drugs, monoclonal antibodies and other biological therapies used in clinical practice.
RESULTS
Therapeutic personalization of antineoplastic drugs based on therapeutic monitoring of plasma concentrations together with the information provided by pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models makes it possible to reduce toxicity and increase the effectiveness of treatment. When personalized treatment is established with high-dose methotrexate in patients with osteosarcoma, target maximum concentrations are reached in 70% of the cycles (49% when fixed doses are used). When 5-fluorouracil is used in patients with colorectal cancer, the response rate is 33.7% (18.3% with fixed doses). Similar benefit rates are obtained with asparaginase, busulfan, oral antineoplastics and monoclonal antibodies.
CONCLUSIONS
Due to the narrow therapeutic range of antineoplastic drugs and the highly variable clinical response they elicit, both in terms of effectiveness and safety, the monitoring of their plasma concentrations and the application of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles and models constitute feasible and promising tools in the personalization of oncologic treatment.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Medical Oncology; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
PubMed: 35379110
DOI: No ID Found