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Anti-cancer Agents in Medicinal... 2021Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used as a clinical first-line anti-cancer drug. However, its clinical application is severely limited due to the lack of tumor specificity of... (Review)
Review
Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used as a clinical first-line anti-cancer drug. However, its clinical application is severely limited due to the lack of tumor specificity of the drug and severe side effects such as myelosuppression, nephrotoxicity, dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, and multi-drug resistance. To improve the bioavailability of DOX, maximize the therapeutic effect, and reduce its toxicity and side effects, many studies have been done on the nanoformulations of DOX, such as liposomes, polymer micelles, dendrimer, and nanogels. Herein, we review the latest progress of DOX nano-preparations and their anti-tumor effects, hoping to provide theoretical references and new research ideas for the development of new dosage forms of the drug and the technical methods available for clinical application.
Topics: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Cell Proliferation; Doxorubicin; Humans; Molecular Conformation; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms
PubMed: 33372884
DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666201229115612 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Sep 2021Tranilast (TRN) or (N-3,4 -dimethoxy cinnamoyl]-anthranilic acid) is an analog of a tryptophan metabolite and is identified mainly as an anti-allergic agent with limited... (Review)
Review
Tranilast (TRN) or (N-3,4 -dimethoxy cinnamoyl]-anthranilic acid) is an analog of a tryptophan metabolite and is identified mainly as an anti-allergic agent with limited side effects. The anti-cancer effects of tranilast either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs have been evidenced in several pre-clinical studies. The main mechanism of action of tranilast includes targeting and modulation of various signaling and immune regulatory pathways including Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), MAP-Kinase (MAPK), Protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), c-Jun N-terminal kinase, modulation of cancer stem cells, etc. Most of these pathways are involved in tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis and it is postulated that tranilast, with its low toxicity profile and high anti-carcinogenic abilities, can serve as a potential anti-tumorigenic agent. The main aim of this review is to provide updated information on the anti-cancer effects of tranilast and its significance as a therapeutic agent.
Topics: Animals; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Humans; Neoplasms; Signal Transduction; ortho-Aminobenzoates
PubMed: 34174504
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111844 -
Pharmacogenomics Jun 2016Anthracyclines constitute a fundamental part of the chemotherapy regimens utilized to treat a number of different malignancies both in pediatric and adult patients.... (Review)
Review
Anthracyclines constitute a fundamental part of the chemotherapy regimens utilized to treat a number of different malignancies both in pediatric and adult patients. These drugs are one of the most efficacious anticancer agents ever invented. On the other hand, anthracyclines are cardiotoxic. Childhood cancer survivors treated with anthracyclines often undergo cardiac complications which are influenced by genetic variations of the patients. The scientific literature comprises numerous investigations in the subject of the pharmacogenetics of anthracyclines. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of this research topic. Genetic variants are proposed targets in the personalized treatment in order to individualize dosing and therefore reduce side effects.
Topics: Animals; Anthracyclines; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Humans; Neoplasms; Pharmacogenetics
PubMed: 27266419
DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0036 -
Anti-cancer Agents in Medicinal... 2017Radionuclide antibody conjugates (RACs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) can function as biotherapeutic missiles in order to target cancer cells and destroy them. The... (Review)
Review
Radionuclide antibody conjugates (RACs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) can function as biotherapeutic missiles in order to target cancer cells and destroy them. The advent of new technology platforms consisting of imaging modalities, drug design and radiochemistry will facilitate the personalised approach for cancer patient treatment programmes. The utilisation of radionuclides and cytotoxic drugs conjugated to biovectors can deliver a cytotoxic drug payload with the ability to emit alpha and/or beta particles in the vicinity of the tumour by binding onto the cancer cells surface antigens initiating cell death. This perspective aims to provide an insight into targeted therapies in the treatment of various cancerous disease states including breast cancer, prostate bone metastases, lymphoma and leukaemia.
Topics: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Cell Proliferation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; Molecular Structure; Neoplasms; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 27671296
DOI: 10.2174/1871520616666160926115008 -
Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery Aug 2017Romidepsin is a potent and selective inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDCAi). It is also the only bicyclic inhibitor to undergo clinical assessment and is considered a... (Review)
Review
Romidepsin is a potent and selective inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDCAi). It is also the only bicyclic inhibitor to undergo clinical assessment and is considered a promising drug for the treatment of T-cell lymphomas. The cellular action of romidepsin results in enhanced histone acetylation, as well as the acetylation of other nuclear or cytoplasmic proteins, influencing cell cycle, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. In phase II studies involving patients with relapsed or refractory of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), romidepsin produced overall response rates (ORR) of 34-35% and 25-38%, with complete response (CR) rates of 6% and 15-18%, respectively. Areas covered: This review summarizes the development of romidepsin, the mechanisms behind its antineoplastic action and its pharmacology. It also covers its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, as well as the preclinical and clinical data on its activity in T-cell lymphoma. Expert opinion: Since there are only few effective therapies available for T-cell lymphomas, romidepsin is a valuable option for relapsed/refractory patients with both CTCL and PTCL. It's also generally well tolerated, and gives potentially durable responses for patients with advanced and symptomatic disease. Combinations of romidepsin with other antineoplastic agents may also further improve drug response and outcomes in T-cell lymphoma.
Topics: Animals; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Depsipeptides; Drug Design; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Humans; Lymphoma, T-Cell; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28641053
DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1341487 -
Future Oncology (London, England) Apr 2020In recent, intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity is seen as one of key factors behind success and failure of chemotherapy. Incessant use of doxorubicin (DOX) drug is... (Review)
Review
In recent, intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity is seen as one of key factors behind success and failure of chemotherapy. Incessant use of doxorubicin (DOX) drug is associated with numerous post-treatment debacles including cardiomyopathy, health disorders, reversal of tumor and formation of secondary tumors. The module of cancer treatment has undergone evolutionary changes by achieving crucial understanding on molecular, genetic, epigenetic and environmental adaptations by cancer cells. Therefore, there is a paradigm shift in cancer therapeutic by employing amalgam of peptide mimetic, small RNA mimetic, DNA repair protein inhibitors, signaling inhibitors and epigenetic modulators to achieve targeted and personalized DOX therapy. This review summarizes on recent therapeutic avenues that can potentiate DOX effects by removing discernible pitfalls among cancer patients.
Topics: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; DNA Repair; Doxorubicin; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Epigenesis, Genetic; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasms; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 32253930
DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0458 -
Mayo Clinic Proceedings Feb 2019
Topics: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Bleomycin; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Eruptions; Humans; Male; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Testicular Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 30711138
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.12.003 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology May 2019Rebeccamycin is an antibiotic and antitumor substance isolated from the filamentous bacterium Lentzea aerocolonigenes. After its discovery, investigations of... (Review)
Review
Rebeccamycin is an antibiotic and antitumor substance isolated from the filamentous bacterium Lentzea aerocolonigenes. After its discovery, investigations of rebeccamycin focused on elucidating its structure, biological activity, and biosynthetic pathway. For potential medical application, a sufficient drug supply has to be ensured, meaning that the production process of rebeccamycin plays a major role. In addition to the natural production of rebeccamycin in L. aerocolonigenes, where the complex cell morphology is an important factor for a sufficient production, rebeccamycin can also be heterologously produced or chemically synthesized. Each of these production processes has its own challenges, and first approaches to production often lead to low final product concentrations, which is why process optimizations are performed. This review provides an overview of the production of rebeccamycin and the different approaches used for rebeccamycin formation including process optimizations.
Topics: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Bacteria; Carbazoles; Industrial Microbiology
PubMed: 30888461
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09741-y -
Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 2015Patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma remain a population with unmet medical needs. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) represent a novel class of anticancer... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma remain a population with unmet medical needs. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) represent a novel class of anticancer drugs currently in development in several malignancies. Inhibition of HDACs leads to acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins, which in turn results in epigenetic modification of gene expression that leads to a plethora of effects, such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. Romidepsin is a novel HDACI that has demonstrated preclinical and clinical activity.
AREAS COVERED
This review discusses the different HDACs and epigenetic regulation with a particular focus on the preclinical and clinical development of romidepsin in lymphoma. The review of romidepsin includes: the mechanism of action, its synergistic interaction with novel agents, pivotal clinical trials that lead to its US FDA approval in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma as well as active combinations currently in clinical trials.
EXPERT OPINION
Romidepsin is a potent HDACI with clinical activity in T-cell lymphoma where novel agents and combinations are desperately needed. A deeper understanding of the molecular characteristics of this class of agents will allow the design of more potent drugs with improved toxicity profiles and future rational combinations that will expand the indication and benefit from these novel agents.
Topics: Animals; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Depsipeptides; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Humans; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
PubMed: 25936363
DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1041586 -
Marine Drugs Feb 2017The structures, names, bioactivities, and references of 124 briarane-type natural products, including 66 new metabolites, isolated between 2014 and 2016 are summarized... (Review)
Review
The structures, names, bioactivities, and references of 124 briarane-type natural products, including 66 new metabolites, isolated between 2014 and 2016 are summarized in this review article. All of the briarane diterpenoids mentioned in this review were isolated from octocorals, mainly from , , , , , and . Some of these compounds exhibited potential biomedical activities, including anti-inflammatory activity, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity towards cancer cells.
Topics: Animals; Anthozoa; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Biological Products; Cell Line, Tumor; Diterpenes; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
PubMed: 28218675
DOI: 10.3390/md15020044