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Journal of Interpersonal Violence Sep 2021The triarchic model posits that psychopathy is a combination of phenotypes related to boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. We examined how each of these phenotypes of...
The triarchic model posits that psychopathy is a combination of phenotypes related to boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. We examined how each of these phenotypes of psychopathy related to past violence and antisocial behavior and to behavior within the prison. The sample consisted of men ( = 108) with a history of serious offending and a diagnosis of personality disorder at the point of admission to a prison serving as a therapeutic community. We took four indices of violence and antisocial behavior, (a) self-report of lifetime proactive and reaction aggression, (b) criminal convictions prior to admission to the prison, (c) exclusion from the prison within 12 months due to rule breaking, and (d) behavior within the first 12 months of admission to the unit. The constructs of the triarchic model, as assessed by the triarchic psychopathy measure (TriPM), were strong predictors of self-reported aggression, with disinhibition being related to both proactive and reactive aggression, whereas boldness was related to proactive aggression alone. Past criminal convictions were also associated with disinhibition, except for convictions for violent behavior. Both meanness and disinhibition were predictive of exclusion from the prison within 12 months for rule-breaking behavior and of aggressive behavior within the prison. The triarchic model of psychopathy is associated with past antisocial behavior and is predictive of antisocial behaviors within the prison, and the different constructs of the triarchic model are associated with different manifestations of antisocial behavior. The TriPM holds great promise for improved assessment and enhanced understanding of psychopathic personality within institutions and can facilitate offender management via improved phenotypic analysis of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition.
Topics: Aggression; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Criminals; Humans; Male; Models, Psychological; Problem Behavior; Self Report
PubMed: 31189393
DOI: 10.1177/0886260519853404 -
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Feb 2021While some RCTs have observed efficacy for omega-3 supplementation in reducing antisocial behavior, the role of psychopathic personality and gender in moderating... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
While some RCTs have observed efficacy for omega-3 supplementation in reducing antisocial behavior, the role of psychopathic personality and gender in moderating treatment outcome has not been examined. This study examines whether omega-3 supplementation reduces antisocial behavior, and whether any treatment effects are a function of gender and psychopathy. Three hundred and twenty-four schoolchildren with a mean age of 11.9 years were randomized into 3 groups: omega-3 (N = 108), placebo (N = 110), and no-treatment controls (N = 106). Parent and child reports of child antisocial and aggressive behavior and psychopathic-like personality were collected at 0 months (baseline), 6 months (end of treatment), and 12 months (6 months post-treatment). A group × time × gender interaction (p = .016) indicated that only females in the omega-3 group showed a significant reduction in antisocial behavior 6 months post-treatment compared to baseline (d = .35), whereas the females in the two control groups showed no change over time. A group x time x psychopathy interaction (p < .006) was also observed, with psychopathic personality levels moderating treatment outcome. Children in the omega-3 group with high (but not low) psychopathic-like personality showed significant improvements in child-reported antisocial behavior at the end of treatment (d = .19) Results suggest that omega-3 supplementation may be helpful in reducing childhood antisocial and aggressive behavior in females, and those with psychopathic-like personalities.
Topics: Adolescent; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Child; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Female; Humans; Male; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32222821
DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01513-8 -
Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi Apr 2022To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in young men in Chengdu and explore the characteristics and risks of...
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in young men in Chengdu and explore the characteristics and risks of violence.
METHODS
Stratified random sampling was used to conduct a self-assessment questionnaire survey in 4 108 males aged from 18 to 34 in Chengdu, including general demographic characteristics, structured clinical interview for the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-Ⅳ axis Ⅱ disorders (SCID-Ⅱ) personality disorder screen questionnaire, violence questionnaire, psychosis screening questionnaire (PSQ), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and drug use. test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used for analysis and odds ratio (OR) was calculated.
RESULTS
The positive rate of ASPD was 5.91%, which was associated with young age, unmarried, unemployment state, low educational level, violent behavior, psychotic symptoms, alcohol and drug use (<0.05). Young men with ASPD also had a risk (<0.05) of violence (OR was 8.51), multiple violence (OR was 16.57), injury (OR was 6.68), intentional violence (OR was 11.41), etc., the risk decreased after controlling for psychotic symptoms and substance abuse, but was still statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
The risk of violence, severe violence and intentional violence in young men in Chengdu is high, and psychotic symptoms and substance abuse increase the risk of ASPD violence and relate characteristics.
Topics: Alcoholism; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Comorbidity; Humans; Male; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35899513
DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.100802 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Dec 2022Psychopathy is a personality construct that encompasses a constellation of traits reflecting emotional dysfunction and antisocial behavior. This constellation has... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Psychopathy is a personality construct that encompasses a constellation of traits reflecting emotional dysfunction and antisocial behavior. This constellation has consistently been linked to poor decision-making, often focused on personal and monetary gains at the others' expense. However, there remains a lack of a systematic examination of how psychopathy is related to the prospect of obtaining monetary gains as a function of social context. Therefore, we conducted a series of meta-analyses to elucidate these relationships. Our findings indicated that elevated levels of psychopathy are related to a reduced tendency to cooperate with others, and no difference in the extent to which knowledge of others' retaliation possibilities informs decision-making. However, the type of social economic decision-making game employed moderated the association between psychopathic traits and total gain obtained, suggesting that context plays a key role in moderating the link between psychopathic features and decision-making. These findings advance our understanding of psychopathy and open new avenues for research on adaptive and maladaptive social behavior in individuals with high levels of psychopathic traits.
Topics: Humans; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Personality
PubMed: 36403791
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104966 -
Psychological Trauma : Theory,... Nov 2022Psychopathy has a considerable societal cost, which motivates research on the mechanisms that cause individuals to engage and persist in antisocial behaviors. It is... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Psychopathy has a considerable societal cost, which motivates research on the mechanisms that cause individuals to engage and persist in antisocial behaviors. It is known that individuals with marked psychopathic traits or callous-unemotional traits typically engage in higher rates of aggressive behaviors. These traits seem to have roots both in biological and environmental factors. This article aims to clarify, through a comprehensive review of the literature, what kind of traumas experienced in childhood may contribute to the development of a psychopathic personality structure.
METHOD
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to organize such evidence.
RESULTS
Childhood maltreatment has been associated with a wide range of maladaptive outcomes, ranging from internalizing to externalizing symptoms. Some have suggested that this range of symptoms is largely attributable to a disruption in the usual parent-child attachment bond, which may occur in parent-child relationships characterized by emotional maltreatment. Many studies now suggest that key features of temperament, such as anger, self-regulation/self-control, and negative emotionality, can be positively influenced through prevention and treatment programs.
CONCLUSIONS
This comprehensive review provides information for improving our ability to treat problematic personalities and reduce the risk of future antisocial behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Humans; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Conduct Disorder; Emotions; Personality; Temperament
PubMed: 34843347
DOI: 10.1037/tra0001191 -
Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical... May 2023The association of anxiety and trauma with antisocial behavior in children and adolescents has long been the focus of research, and more recently this area of research...
The association of anxiety and trauma with antisocial behavior in children and adolescents has long been the focus of research, and more recently this area of research has become critical to theories of the development of callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Research suggests those with elevated CU traits and anxiety (i.e., secondary CU variant) seem to show more severe externalizing behaviors and are more likely to show histories of trauma, compared to those with elevated CU and low anxiety (i.e., primary CU variant). These findings have typically been interpreted as being indicative of distinct etiological pathways to the development of CU traits. We test an alternative explanation that the higher rates of anxiety and trauma exposure in some youth with elevated CU traits are largely a consequence of their higher levels of antisocial behavior. The current study recruited a sample of 1,216 justice-involved adolescents ( = 15.28, = 1.28) from three distinct regions of the United States, who were assessed at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 60 months following their first arrest. Using random-intercept cross-lagged models, both antisocial behavior and CU traits predicted changes in future anxiety and CU traits predicted increases in future victimization. Further, using longitudinal parallel mediation models, antisocial and aggressive behavior largely accounted for the predictive association between CU traits and anxiety and CU traits and victimization. These results support a model in which anxiety and trauma histories may be a marker of the severity of antisocial behavior displayed by youth with elevated CU traits. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Aggression; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Anxiety; Conduct Disorder
PubMed: 36951750
DOI: 10.1037/abn0000815 -
Personality Disorders Sep 2021Antisocial personality is generally used to describe people who treat other people with callous disregard and disrespect. Although animal cruelty is diagnostic of...
Antisocial personality is generally used to describe people who treat other people with callous disregard and disrespect. Although animal cruelty is diagnostic of conduct disorder, a precursor of personality in children, it is unclear whether the term antisocial also encompasses disregard and disrespect toward nonhuman animals among adults. In this study, we examined associations between three antianimal attitudes and behaviors-speciesism, hunting/fishing, and lack of sympathy for animal rights-and traits that underlie adult antisocial behavior. We found consistent links between antisocial personality traits and antianimal attitudes and behaviors in 2 samples. These effects were generally specific to traits linked to antisociality (although we also found associations with low openness), and these traits were stronger as predictors of variation among meat eaters than as predictors of differences between vegetarians and meat eaters. These results suggest that the term antisocial applies to negative attitudes and behaviors toward both humans and nonhuman animals and imply the potential value of considering antianimal attitudes and behaviors in the clinical assessment of antisocial personality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Animals; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Attitude; Conduct Disorder; Emotions; Humans; Hunting
PubMed: 33030951
DOI: 10.1037/per0000463 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Jun 2018The Criterion A of the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders follows a functional approach to personality disorders which can be effectively related to... (Review)
Review
The Criterion A of the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders follows a functional approach to personality disorders which can be effectively related to abnormalities in brain circuits that are involved in processes related to the self and others. While brain circuits related to the self and others highly overlap supporting the notion of inseparable constructs, structural and functional neuroimaging data point to rather specific deviations in brain processes among the various types of personality disorders, with a focus on borderline and antisocial personality disorders. Neurobiological data have shed light on the problem areas of individuals with personality disorders that goes beyond what we know from either patients' reports or observing their behavior and may open new perspectives on treatment.
Topics: Antisocial Personality Disorder; Borderline Personality Disorder; Brain; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Functional Neuroimaging; Humans; Neurobiology; Personality Assessment
PubMed: 28946053
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.08.032 -
Current Psychiatry Reports Aug 2018To review recent studies investigating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in children and adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) and adults with... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To review recent studies investigating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in children and adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) and adults with antisocial personality disorder. We consider key concepts and methodological issues in cortisol assessment and review studies investigating basal cortisol secretion and stress reactivity in antisocial populations. Lastly, we consider whether cortisol abnormalities predict prognosis or treatment outcomes and the impact of exposure to adversity on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrena (HPA) axis activity.
RECENT FINDINGS
Studies tracking cortisol levels across the day and assessing cortisol awakening responses (CARs) have reported broadly intact, but flatter, diurnal rhythms and lower CARs in children and adolescents with DBDs, whereas findings in antisocial adults have been mixed. Cortisol hyporeactivity to stress is consistently reported in male antisocial populations, whereas no comparable data exist in females. Severe antisocial behavior is associated with cortisol hyporeactivity to stress, and such hyporeactivity predicts poor treatment outcomes. Further research investigating sex differences and the impact of adversity is needed. Harmonization of methods for assessing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and antisocial behavior would enhance progress in this area.
Topics: Adult; Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders; Child; Circadian Rhythm; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 30155579
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-018-0952-5 -
Brain Injury 2019: Despite growing evidence supporting a link between pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and antisocial behavior, little work has rigorously evaluated this. This...
: Despite growing evidence supporting a link between pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and antisocial behavior, little work has rigorously evaluated this. This review aimed to explore systematically previous literature on the association between TBI before the age of 19 and severe behavioral problems such as violence, aggression and assault. : All articles published from 1990 to 2018 were searched using four major databases, alongside manual searching and cross-referencing. : Sixteen articles met the eligibility criteria. Overall, they supported an association between pediatric TBI and antisocial behavior. Factors were identified that might influence this link, such as, for example, TBI severity and substance use. : The review identified several issues in the current literature, highlighting key areas for improvement. It is imperative that more attention is paid to gathering detailed information regarding the temporal sequencing of events and TBI severity; evaluating the contribution of biopsychosocial variables co-occurring with TBI and antisocial behavior; disentangling which outcomes are specific to TBI versus any injury. The review has implications for the health and justice systems; regardless of whether TBI is the cause versus a contributing factor to antisocial behavior, increased awareness of their association could lead to more comprehensive assessments, tailored interventions and effective sentencing.
Topics: Adolescent; Aggression; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Substance-Related Disorders; Violence
PubMed: 31327257
DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2019.1641621