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Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift... Apr 2023This article provides a practice-oriented overview of the most common proctological diseases: Anal eczema, hemorrhoidal disease, anal thrombosis, marisca, anal abscess... (Review)
Review
This article provides a practice-oriented overview of the most common proctological diseases: Anal eczema, hemorrhoidal disease, anal thrombosis, marisca, anal abscess and fistula, and anal fissure. Definitions and etiopathogenesis, clinic and diagnostics, and current therapy are presented.
Topics: Humans; Anus Diseases; Colorectal Surgery; Fissure in Ano; Hemorrhoids; Rectum
PubMed: 36990121
DOI: 10.1055/a-1932-7667 -
Techniques in Coloproctology Feb 2020Perianal sepsis is a common condition ranging from acute abscess to chronic anal fistula. In most cases, the source is considered to be a non-specific cryptoglandular...
Perianal sepsis is a common condition ranging from acute abscess to chronic anal fistula. In most cases, the source is considered to be a non-specific cryptoglandular infection starting from the intersphincteric space. Surgery is the main treatment and several procedures have been developed, but the risks of recurrence and of impairment of continence still seem to be an unresolved issue. This statement reviews the pertinent literature and provides evidence-based recommendations to improve individualized management of patients.
Topics: Abscess; Anus Diseases; Humans; Rectal Fistula; Sepsis; Skin Diseases; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31974827
DOI: 10.1007/s10151-019-02144-1 -
Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur... Jun 2015
Topics: Anus Diseases; Anus Neoplasms; Colorectal Surgery; Cooperative Behavior; Dermatology; Humans; Interdisciplinary Communication
PubMed: 25859929
DOI: 10.1007/s00105-015-3629-6 -
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery :... Jul 2021
Topics: Anus Diseases; Humans; Perineum; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 33515174
DOI: 10.1007/s11605-021-04907-4 -
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology Aug 2020Anorectal disorders encompass structural, neuromuscular, and functional disorders. They are common, often distressing, and in some cases debilitating, and significantly... (Review)
Review
Anorectal disorders encompass structural, neuromuscular, and functional disorders. They are common, often distressing, and in some cases debilitating, and significantly add to the health care burden. They present with multiple, overlapping symptoms that can often obscure the underlying pathology and can pose significant diagnostic and management dilemmas. A meticulous history and comprehensive digital rectal examination can provide clarity on the diagnosis, appropriate testing, and management of these conditions. Today, with the development of sophisticated diagnostic tools such as high-resolution and high-definition (3-D) anorectal manometry, 3-D anal ultrasonography, magnetic resonance defecography and imaging, and neurophysiological tests such as translumbosacral anorectal magnetic stimulation, it is possible to more accurately define and characterize the underlying structural and functional abnormalities. In this review, we present a succinct update on the latest knowledge with regards to the pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of anal fissure, hemorrhoids, rectal prolapse, intussusception, rectocele, solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, levator ani syndrome, dyssynergic defecation and fecal incontinence.
Topics: Anal Canal; Anus Diseases; Constipation; Defecation; Defecography; Fecal Incontinence; Humans; Manometry; Rectal Diseases; Rectum
PubMed: 32692116
DOI: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001348 -
JAAPA : Official Journal of the... Nov 2016Benign anal disease encompasses common problems including hemorrhoids, anal fissures, pruritus ani, perianal abscesses, and fistulae. Although many people will suffer... (Review)
Review
Benign anal disease encompasses common problems including hemorrhoids, anal fissures, pruritus ani, perianal abscesses, and fistulae. Although many people will suffer from at least one of these conditions in their lives, healthcare practitioners diagnose and treat them accurately about 50% to 83% of the time. This article reviews common anal problems and the importance of a thorough history and physical examination to proper patient management.
Topics: Anal Canal; Anus Diseases; Fissure in Ano; Hemorrhoids; Humans; Pruritus Ani
PubMed: 27749400
DOI: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000502857.05728.98 -
Mayo Clinic Proceedings Oct 2016Although pelvic pain is a symptom of several structural anorectal and pelvic disorders (eg, anal fissure, endometriosis, and pelvic inflammatory disease), this... (Review)
Review
Although pelvic pain is a symptom of several structural anorectal and pelvic disorders (eg, anal fissure, endometriosis, and pelvic inflammatory disease), this comprehensive review will focus on the 3 most common nonstructural, or functional, disorders associated with pelvic pain: functional anorectal pain (ie, levator ani syndrome, unspecified anorectal pain, and proctalgia fugax), interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. The first 2 conditions occur in both sexes, while the latter occurs only in men. They are defined by symptoms, supplemented with levator tenderness (levator ani syndrome) and bladder mucosal inflammation (interstitial cystitis). Although distinct, these conditions share several similarities, including associations with dysfunctional voiding or defecation, comorbid conditions (eg, fibromyalgia, depression), impaired quality of life, and increased health care utilization. Several factors, including pelvic floor muscle tension, peripheral inflammation, peripheral and central sensitization, and psychosocial factors, have been implicated in the pathogenesis. The management is tailored to symptoms, is partly supported by clinical trials, and includes multidisciplinary approaches such as lifestyle modifications and pharmacological, behavioral, and physical therapy. Opioids should be avoided, and surgical treatment has a limited role, primarily in refractory interstitial cystitis.
Topics: Algorithms; Anal Canal; Anus Diseases; Cystitis, Interstitial; Female; Humans; Male; Muscular Diseases; Pain; Pelvic Pain; Prostatitis
PubMed: 27712641
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.08.011 -
Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology &... Jun 2024The ability to experience pleasurable sexual activity is important for human health. Receptive anal intercourse (RAI) is a common, though frequently stigmatized,... (Review)
Review
The ability to experience pleasurable sexual activity is important for human health. Receptive anal intercourse (RAI) is a common, though frequently stigmatized, pleasurable sexual activity. Little is known about how diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus and their treatments affect RAI. Engaging in RAI with gastrointestinal disease can be difficult due to the unpredictability of symptoms and treatment-related toxic effects. Patients might experience sphincter hypertonicity, gastrointestinal symptom-specific anxiety, altered pelvic blood flow from structural disorders, decreased sensation from cancer-directed therapies or body image issues from stoma creation. These can result in problematic RAI - encompassing anodyspareunia (painful RAI), arousal dysfunction, orgasm dysfunction and decreased sexual desire. Therapeutic strategies for problematic RAI in patients living with gastrointestinal diseases and/or treatment-related dysfunction include pelvic floor muscle strengthening and stretching, psychological interventions, and restorative devices. Providing health-care professionals with a framework to discuss pleasurable RAI and diagnose problematic RAI can help improve patient outcomes. Normalizing RAI, affirming pleasure from RAI and acknowledging that the gastrointestinal system is involved in sexual pleasure, sexual function and sexual health will help transform the scientific paradigm of sexual health to one that is more just and equitable.
Topics: Humans; Rectal Diseases; Colonic Diseases; Sexual Behavior; Anus Diseases; Pleasure; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological
PubMed: 38763974
DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00932-1 -
Surgical Pathology Clinics Sep 2020Anal lesions are commonly mistaken clinically for prolapse or hemorrhoids but span a wide spectrum of disorders. Anal lesions include squamous, glandular, melanocytic,... (Review)
Review
Anal lesions are commonly mistaken clinically for prolapse or hemorrhoids but span a wide spectrum of disorders. Anal lesions include squamous, glandular, melanocytic, infectious, and lymphoid tumors. This article provides a broad overview of anal disorders and highlights specific issues that may hinder diagnosis.
Topics: Anal Canal; Anus Diseases; Anus Neoplasms; Humans
PubMed: 32773199
DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2020.06.002 -
European Journal of Pediatric Surgery :... Oct 2020The incidence of Crohn's disease is increasing worldwide. The clinical course of childhood onset Crohn's disease is particularly aggressive with characteristic disease... (Review)
Review
The incidence of Crohn's disease is increasing worldwide. The clinical course of childhood onset Crohn's disease is particularly aggressive with characteristic disease localization in the ileocecal region and colon, often associated with perianal disease. Severe complications of perianal disease include recurrent perianal sepsis, chronic fistulae, fecal incontinence, and rectal strictures that impair quality of life and may require fecal diversion. Care of patients with perianal Crohn's disease requires a multidisciplinary approach with systematic clinical evaluation, endoscopic assessment, and imaging studies followed by combined medical and surgical management. In this review, we provide an update of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostics, and management of perianal Crohn's disease in children and adolescents.
Topics: Abscess; Adolescent; Anus Diseases; Child; Crohn Disease; Humans; Rectal Fistula
PubMed: 32942329
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716724