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Der Internist Oct 2017In proctology patients can often be helped with very little effort. With knowledge of the most common disease symptoms the treating physician can in many cases correctly... (Review)
Review
In proctology patients can often be helped with very little effort. With knowledge of the most common disease symptoms the treating physician can in many cases correctly recognize the cause of the complaints and initiate the appropriate therapy or arrange referral to a proctological institution. This article aims to briefly and succinctly present the most common diseases in proctology (e.g. mariscae, hemorrhoids, anal fissures, perianal venous thrombosis, abscesses and fistulas, condyloma acuminatum and anal carcinoma) and to provide the treating internist, even outside of gastroenterology, assistance with the management of proctological symptoms.
Topics: Abscess; Anal Canal; Anus Diseases; Condylomata Acuminata; Fissure in Ano; Hemorrhoids; Humans; Internal Medicine; Venous Thrombosis
PubMed: 28884323
DOI: 10.1007/s00108-017-0318-9 -
Diseases of the Colon and Rectum Feb 2020
Topics: Abscess; Adult; Anus Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Drainage; Humans; Male; Physical Examination; Rectal Fistula; Rectum
PubMed: 31914108
DOI: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000001576 -
Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur... Jun 2015Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections belong to the most common sexually transmitted infections. To date, more than 200 completely classified HPV-types have been... (Review)
Review
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections belong to the most common sexually transmitted infections. To date, more than 200 completely classified HPV-types have been reported, and those belonging to the genus alpha predominantly infect the anogenital region. Condylomata acuminata are caused by the two low-risk types HPV6 and HPV11 in more than 90 % of cases. Treatment of genital warts might be either ablative (e.g. electrocautery, surgical excision, or laser therapy) or topical (e.g. podophyllotoxine, trichloroacetic acid, or imiquimod), and depends on the size, location, morphology and anatomical region. Recurrences after treatment are frequent. Therefore, combination therapies (e.g. topical and ablative) play an important role in daily routine. HIV-infected individuals, especially HIV-positive MSM, have a strongly increased risk for anal dysplasia and anal cancer. Condylomata acuminata and a large proportion of anal dysplasia and anal carcinoma are preventable by prophylactic HPV-vaccination.
Topics: Anus Diseases; Anus Neoplasms; Condylomata Acuminata; Female; Human papillomavirus 11; Human papillomavirus 6; Humans; Male; Papillomavirus Infections; Proctoscopy; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
PubMed: 25859930
DOI: 10.1007/s00105-015-3630-0 -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... Feb 2020This article explains the pathogenesis of fistula-in-ano and details the different classifications of fistula encountered, describe their features on MR imaging, and... (Review)
Review
This article explains the pathogenesis of fistula-in-ano and details the different classifications of fistula encountered, describe their features on MR imaging, and explains how imaging influences subsequent surgical treatment and ultimate clinical outcome. Precise preoperative characterization of the anatomic course of the fistula and all associated infection via MR imaging is critical for surgery to be most effective. MR imaging is the preeminent imaging modality used to answer pertinent surgical questions.
Topics: Anus Diseases; Contrast Media; Humans; Image Enhancement; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Rectal Fistula
PubMed: 31753233
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2019.09.006 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Dec 2020Anal abscesses are well-known conditions worldwide. The golden standard of acute treatment is incision and drainage. Knowledge of the anatomy of the anal area and the... (Review)
Review
Anal abscesses are well-known conditions worldwide. The golden standard of acute treatment is incision and drainage. Knowledge of the anatomy of the anal area and the abscess involvement of perianal spaces is crucial in order to perform safe and correct surgical treatment as summarised in this review. Pre- and perioperative imaging with magnetic resonance imaging, endoanal ultrasonography or CT facilitates correct incision and drainage, while antibiotics as conservative approach have no place in the treatment of abscesses. One third of the patients have an underlying fistula, and if suspected referral to a fistula centre is warranted.
Topics: Abscess; Anal Canal; Anus Diseases; Drainage; Humans; Rectal Fistula
PubMed: 33317691
DOI: No ID Found -
Pediatric Annals Feb 2016Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic gastrointestinal disease consisting of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Both disease processes can... (Review)
Review
Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic gastrointestinal disease consisting of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Both disease processes can share similar clinical symptoms including abdominal pain, diarrhea, hematochezia, and weight loss; CD can also be complicated by penetrating and fistulizing disease. Perianal skin tags, perianal abscesses, recto-cutaneous fistulae, and rectal stenosis are among the phenotypic characteristics of perianal CD. Current treatment strategies are focused on the surgical drainage of abscesses and the closure of fistulous tracts as well as controlling intestinal inflammation with the use of immunomodulators (6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate) and biologics (infliximab and adalimumab). Current guidelines by the American Gastroenterology Association and the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition recommend a combination of surgical intervention and medical management for the treatment of perianal CD.
Topics: Abscess; Adolescent; Anus Diseases; Child; Crohn Disease; Humans; Male; Rectal Fistula; Recurrence
PubMed: 26878185
DOI: 10.3928/00904481-20160113-02 -
Annales de Dermatologie Et de... Jan 2020
Topics: Adult; Anus Diseases; Female; Humans; Pemphigus; Umbilicus; Vulvar Diseases
PubMed: 31843224
DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2019.11.001 -
Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North... Aug 2015The gastrointestinal tract, affecting more than 90% of patients, is the internal organ most frequently involved in systemic sclerosis. Any part of the gastrointestinal... (Review)
Review
The gastrointestinal tract, affecting more than 90% of patients, is the internal organ most frequently involved in systemic sclerosis. Any part of the gastrointestinal tract can be affected, from the mouth to the anus. Patients often experience reduced quality of life and impaired social life. Although only 8% have severe gastrointestinal involvement, mortality is high in those patients. Recent studies on the pathophysiology of the disease highlight new mechanisms to explain gastrointestinal dysmotility, but treatment remains symptomatic. This article reviews the pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract and discusses the investigation and management of the disease.
Topics: Anus Diseases; Colonic Diseases; Esophageal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction; Intestine, Small; Liver Diseases; Malabsorption Syndromes; Malnutrition; Mouth Diseases; Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis; Rectal Diseases; Scleroderma, Systemic; Stomach Diseases
PubMed: 26210129
DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2015.04.007 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Sep 2016The first description of perianal fistulas and complications in Crohn disease was made 75 years ago by Penner and Crohn. Published studies have subsequently confirmed... (Review)
Review
The first description of perianal fistulas and complications in Crohn disease was made 75 years ago by Penner and Crohn. Published studies have subsequently confirmed that perianal fistulas are the most common manifestations of fistulising Crohn disease. Hidradenitis suppurativa was described in 1854 by a French surgeon, Aristide Verneuil. It is a chronic, inflammatory, recurrent and debilitating disease of the pilosebaceous follicle, that usually manifests after puberty with deep, painful and inflamed lesions in the areas of the body with apocrine glands, usually the axillary, inguinal and anogenital regions. The differential diagnosis between hidradenitis suppurativa and Crohn disease can be challenging, especially when the disease is primarily perianal. When they occur simultaneously, hidradenitis suppurativa and Crohn disease show severe phenotypes and patients can respond to anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy, although adalimumab is currently the only treatment with demonstrated efficacy in hidradenitis suppurativa and Crohn disease. In addition, there is sometimes a need for different complementary surgical procedures.
Topics: Adalimumab; Anus Diseases; Biological Factors; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Colonoscopy; Crohn Disease; Cutaneous Fistula; Diagnosis, Differential; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Intestinal Fistula; Organ Specificity; Phenotype; Skin Neoplasms; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 28081767
DOI: 10.1016/S0001-7310(17)30006-6 -
Emergency Medicine Clinics of North... May 2016Patients commonly present to the emergency department with anorectal complaints. Most of these complaints are benign and can be managed conservatively; however, there... (Review)
Review
Patients commonly present to the emergency department with anorectal complaints. Most of these complaints are benign and can be managed conservatively; however, there are a few anorectal emergencies that clinicians must be aware of in order to prevent further complications. The history and physical examination are especially important so that critical disorders can be recognized and specific treatment plans can be determined. It is important to maintain a broad differential diagnosis of anorectal disease and to distinguish benign from serious processes.
Topics: Anus Diseases; Emergency Service, Hospital; Humans; Rectal Diseases
PubMed: 27133243
DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2015.12.013