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Anatolian Journal of Cardiology Feb 2019
Topics: Aorta; Aortic Aneurysm; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Humans; Video Recording
PubMed: 30694811
DOI: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2018.92597 -
Current Vascular Pharmacology 2016Aortic aneurysms (AAs) are without effective pharmacologic therapy, in clinical usage, in part because of the limited understanding of factors leading to AA development. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Aortic aneurysms (AAs) are without effective pharmacologic therapy, in clinical usage, in part because of the limited understanding of factors leading to AA development.
OBJECTIVE
The objectives of this study were to examine the evidence that cigarette smoking induces AAs through altering matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and the molecular biology/pharmacology that maybe involved in this effect.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted to identify studies that examined the links between cigarette smoke, MMP and AAs.
RESULTS
Eleven studies were identified. There was consistency, between studies. They found that cigarette smoke, nicotine or tobacco products increased aortic dimension and the proportion of AAs. Nicotine and tobacco constituents induced MMPs: MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9 and MMP-12 but with different levels of consistency. The molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of cigarette-induced AA formation, ranked according to the consistency of evidence include JNK, AMPK-α2, Jak Stat, and mTOR/p70Sk and PTEN pathways.
CONCLUSION
Nicotine and tobacco constituents translate the exposure to cigarette smoke into increased MMP expression through various molecular mechanisms whose interruption can form the basis for pharmacologic management of AAs.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Aortic Aneurysm; Dilatation, Pathologic; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Signal Transduction; Smoking
PubMed: 27363715
DOI: 10.2174/1570161114666160625091205 -
Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Oct 2018Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) primarily affects male patients; however, female patients with AAA have a faster rate of aneurysm growth, have higher risk of rupture... (Review)
Review
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) primarily affects male patients; however, female patients with AAA have a faster rate of aneurysm growth, have higher risk of rupture even at smaller diameters, and have worse outcomes following repair of ruptured and intact aneurysms. Furthermore, early natural history studies and randomized controlled trials evaluating surveillance versus repair in small aneurysms were conducted primarily in male patients. Therefore, there are limited data regarding the ideal threshold for elective repair of AAA in women, either by aortic diameter or by alternative measures. We review the existing literature regarding AAA in women and consider the most appropriate threshold for repair.
Topics: Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Aortic Rupture; Clinical Decision-Making; Disease Progression; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Humans; Male; Patient Selection; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vascular Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 29720046
DOI: 10.1177/1538574418773247 -
Current Problems in Surgery Mar 2017
Review
Topics: Aortic Dissection; Aorta; Aortic Aneurysm; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Risk Factors
PubMed: 28521856
DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2017.01.001 -
The Journal of Thoracic and... Jul 2023
Commentary: Increased left ventricular outflow tract angulation correlates with increased size of ascending aortic aneurysms and aortic wall shear stress: But which comes first?
Topics: Humans; Aneurysm, Ascending Aorta; Heart; Aorta; Aortic Aneurysm
PubMed: 34253343
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.06.034 -
Therapeutische Umschau. Revue... 2018Aortic aneurysms - epidemiology and therapeutic options Aortic aneurysms can arise in any part of the aorta between its root and its bifurcation. Men over the age of 65... (Review)
Review
Aortic aneurysms - epidemiology and therapeutic options Aortic aneurysms can arise in any part of the aorta between its root and its bifurcation. Men over the age of 65 are most commonly affected while the prevalence increases with age. Risk factors are identical with those for any atherosclerotic disease. Treatment is always invasive while its indication depends on the expected risk of rupture (which in turn depends on the maximum diameter) and the risk of the treatment itself. While perioperative mortality rates are significantly lower after endovascular than after open aneurysm repair, long-term mortality rates are not.
Topics: Aortic Aneurysm; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; Elective Surgical Procedures; Endovascular Procedures; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31038042
DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930/a001027 -
Zentralblatt Fur Chirurgie Oct 2020Five years after the first endovascular aortic repair (EVAR), Park et al. reported the first implantation of a fenestrated endoprosthesis. In the meantime, advanced... (Review)
Review
[Aortic Aneurysm: Fenestrated/Branched Endovascular Aortic Repair (EVAR) and Fenestrated/Branched Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR). Is Total Endovascular Repair Already Here?].
Five years after the first endovascular aortic repair (EVAR), Park et al. reported the first implantation of a fenestrated endoprosthesis. In the meantime, advanced generations of new fenestrated and branched endografts evolved. Endografts for complex pathologies are either so-called "off-the-shelf" grafts with predetermined length, width, diameter and clock position of the branches and fenestrations, predetermined by the manufacturer, "custom-made" grafts which need to be sized and planned individually for patients with specific thoracoabdominal anatomy. Open aortic repair in the treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) still remains challenging and is associated with high morbidity and mortality, even in the elective setting. The ongoing development of endovascular treatment modalities, such as fenestrated and branched endovascular aneurysm repair (F-EVAR, B-EVAR), enables less invasive procedures for more challenging aortic pathologies. In recent years, extensive endovascular treatment of the aortic arch to the thoracoabdominal segment has become more and more important, but its outcomes have not been completely evaluated. The aim of this is article is to provide an overview of the currently available endovascular treatment options for complex aortic aneurysms requiring extensive coverage from the aortic arch to the infrarenal aorta.
Topics: Aortic Aneurysm; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; Endovascular Procedures; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Prosthesis Design; Risk Factors; Stents; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32659798
DOI: 10.1055/a-1186-2554 -
Pharmacology & Therapeutics Jul 2024Aortic aneurysm is a vascular disease characterized by irreversible vasodilatation that can lead to dissection and rupture of the aortic aneurysm, a life-threatening... (Review)
Review
Aortic aneurysm is a vascular disease characterized by irreversible vasodilatation that can lead to dissection and rupture of the aortic aneurysm, a life-threatening condition. Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) are two main types. The typical treatments for aortic aneurysms are open surgery and endovascular aortic repair, which are only indicated for more severe patients. Most patients with aneurysms have an insidious onset and slow progression, and there are no effective drugs to treat this stage. The inability of current animal models to perfectly simulate all the pathophysiological states of human aneurysms may be the key to this issue. Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms of this disease, finding new therapeutic targets, and developing effective drugs to inhibit the development of aneurysms are the main issues of current research. Natural products have been applied for thousands of years to treat cardiovascular disease (CVD) in China and other Asian countries. In recent years, natural products have combined multi-omics, computational biology, and integrated pharmacology to accurately analyze drug components and targets. Therefore, the multi-component and multi-target complexity of natural products have made them a potentially ideal treatment for multifactorial diseases such as aortic aneurysms. Natural products have regained popularity worldwide. This review provides an overview of the known natural products for the treatment of TAA and AAA and searches for potential cardiovascular-targeted natural products that may treat TAA and AAA based on various cellular molecular mechanisms associated with aneurysm development.
Topics: Humans; Biological Products; Animals; Aortic Aneurysm; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Molecular Targeted Therapy
PubMed: 38657777
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108652 -
Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular... Nov 2021The sinuses of Valsalva are outpouchings in the aortic root just distal to the aortic valve that serve several physiologic functions. Aneurysm of this segment of the... (Review)
Review
The sinuses of Valsalva are outpouchings in the aortic root just distal to the aortic valve that serve several physiologic functions. Aneurysm of this segment of the aorta is quite rare and infrequently encountered in clinical practice. Due to the rarity of sinus of Valsalva aneurysms, there is a lack of controlled trials and most of the literature consists of case reports and series. Here, the authors review the currently available literature to discuss the anatomy and normal function of the aortic root, as well as disease pathology and diagnostic imaging considerations. Using reported cases, the authors also will discuss considerations for cardiac anesthesiologists in the perioperative period.
Topics: Aorta; Aortic Aneurysm; Aortic Valve; Humans; Sinus of Valsalva
PubMed: 33431271
DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.12.016 -
Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular... Feb 2021Although aortic valve replacement remains the gold standard treatment for aortic valve diseases like stenosis (AS) or insufficiency, new surgical methods have been...
Although aortic valve replacement remains the gold standard treatment for aortic valve diseases like stenosis (AS) or insufficiency, new surgical methods have been developed with a focus in the reconstruction of the aortic valve rather than replacing it. The Ozaki procedure involves a tailored replacement of each individual valvular leaflet with glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium and aims to reproduce the normal anatomy of the aortic valve. Cases of patients with unicuspid aortic valve treated with the Ozaki procedure are uncommon in the litrature and become even more rare when it comes to concomitant diseases like AS and ascending aorta aneurysm. We present the case of a 21-year-old, fit and asymptomatic male, with unicuspid aortic valve with severe stenosis and ascending aorta dilatation, surgically treated with tricuspidization of the aortic valve with glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium and replacement of the ascending aorta with a straight synthetic graft. Postoperative studies showed a fully functional, neo-tailored tricuspid aortic valve with trivial regurgitation. The patient had an uncomplicated recovery, stayed in the intensive care unit for 2 days and was discharged on the 7th postoperative day.
Topics: Adult; Aorta; Aortic Aneurysm; Aortic Valve; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Male; Young Adult
PubMed: 33355794
DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2020-0150