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Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland :... 2022The aim: To study the features of morphoethiopathogenesis of acute appendicitis and the consequences after appendectomy. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim: To study the features of morphoethiopathogenesis of acute appendicitis and the consequences after appendectomy.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: 10 preparations of human appendix were studied, from which 5 appendixes were normal in people who died in adulthood and old age and 5 processes were taken intraoperatively during appendectomy. Morphometric characteristics of the tissue structures of the preparations were compared with the systematic review data, the literature search by the following keywords: morphoethiopathy", "vermiform process", "lymphoepithelial formations", "digestive system", "lymphoid nodule", "Peyer's patches", "mucous membrane".
RESULTS
Results: Pathogenesis of acute appendicitis - it is a consistent, staged process that is completely subject to the laws of exudative inflammation in response to microbial aggression. Removal of the appendicular process should be approached carefully and based on possible immunological consequences. Removal of the appendix as an immunocompetent organ Unreasonable removal of pathohistological unchanged appendix has medical consequences (can lead to consequences such as colon cancer) and not only.
CONCLUSION
Conclusions: Our results suggest that the vermiform appendix retains its active function throughout human life. The study provides an overview with current knowledge about the etiology, pathogenesis and possible consequences of appendectomy as the main method of treatment of acute appendicitis. The search for ways to prevent appendicitis can be successful only by finding out the causes and factors that in some individuals cause the inability of the appendix to resist bacterial invasion. Appendix is necessary to fully support the immune responses of the digestive tract, but it belongs to the category of those organs, the loss of which during forced surgery does not cause significant damage to the body.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Appendectomy; Appendicitis; Appendix; Child, Preschool; Humans; Inflammation
PubMed: 35907222
DOI: 10.36740/WLek202206112 -
Pediatric Surgery International Mar 2017Appendicitis is a common cause of abdominal pain in children. The diagnosis and treatment of the disease have undergone major changes in the past two decades, primarily... (Review)
Review
Appendicitis is a common cause of abdominal pain in children. The diagnosis and treatment of the disease have undergone major changes in the past two decades, primarily as a result of the application of an evidence-based approach. Data from several randomized controlled trials, large database studies, and meta-analyses have fundamentally affected patient care. The best diagnostic approach is a standardized clinical pathway with a scoring system and selective imaging. Non-operative management of simple appendicitis is a reasonable option in selected cases, with the caveat that data in children remain limited. A minimally invasive (laparoscopic) appendectomy is the current standard in US and European children's hospitals. This article reviews the current 'state of the art' in the evaluation and management of pediatric appendicitis.
Topics: Adolescent; Appendectomy; Appendicitis; Appendix; Child; Child, Preschool; Databases, Factual; Diagnostic Imaging; Female; Hospitals, Pediatric; Humans; Male; Pediatrics; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27743024
DOI: 10.1007/s00383-016-3990-2 -
Turk Patoloji Dergisi 2023Parasites and plant seeds may both be found in appendectomy specimens. Each plant seed has a different appearance and can thus exhibit wide variations under the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Parasites and plant seeds may both be found in appendectomy specimens. Each plant seed has a different appearance and can thus exhibit wide variations under the microscope. Fragmented seeds may histologically mimic parasites. The differential diagnosis between seeds and parasites can be challenging in such cases. This study aimed to determine the incidence of parasites, seeds, and foreign bodies in appendectomy materials and highlight the most characteristic histopathological features associated with these structures.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
In this study, pathology slides of 9,480 patients, who underwent appendectomy between 2010 and 2021, were reviewed, and cases that contained parasites, seeds, or foreign bodies were identified. We reviewed the literature on seeds and parasites in appendectomy specimens.
RESULTS
Parasites were observed in 56 (0.6%) cases. Of these cases, 45 had Enterobius vermicularis (80%), and 11 had Taenia subspecies (20%). Plant seeds were observed in 47 cases (0.5%), and were macroscopically recognizable in 5 of them as olive, lemon, and cherry seeds. Parasites and seeds were usually observed in the lumen of appendix vermiformis, filled with abundant fecal materials.
CONCLUSION
Seeds are seen in approximately 0.5% of the appendectomy specimens. Though rarely seen, the fragmented seed appearance may cause diagnostic difficulties. In this context, the key morphological features of parasites and plant seeds outlined in this study may be helpful in their differential diagnosis.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Appendix; Parasites; Appendicitis; Enterobiasis; Retrospective Studies; Appendectomy; Foreign Bodies
PubMed: 36647674
DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2022.01586 -
Ulusal Travma Ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi =... Mar 2022Appendix neoplasms are rare tumors of the gastrointestinal system. Appendiceal adenocarcinoma, appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are the...
BACKGROUND
Appendix neoplasms are rare tumors of the gastrointestinal system. Appendiceal adenocarcinoma, appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are the most encountered appendix-related neoplasms. The patients are usually got diagnosed after histopathological examination. This study aimed to explore the epidemiology, pathological subtypes, and treatment modalities of appendix neoplasms.
METHODS
A retrospective examination was made with 2821 patients who underwent appendectomy between April 2010 and August 2020. Demographic, clinical, radiological, surgical findings, and histopathological results were collected from the patient files.
RESULTS
Appendix neoplasms were detected in 1.06% of the patients included in the study. The mean age was 44.6±17.5 (17-83) years. Eight NETs, seven adenocarcinomas, fourteen mucinous neoplasms, and one neuroma were diagnosed with patients.
CONCLUSION
Appendiceal neoplasms are generally asymptomatic and often diagnosed with postoperative histopathological ex-amination. If the result is adenocarcinoma, right hemicolectomy recommends. Treatment of NETs depends on factors such as tumor size, location, mesoappendix invasion, and lymph node involvement. In the presence of mucinous neoplasm, surgical intervention is determined according to the pathological subtype and involvement of mesoappendix. The need for additional surgical intervention or medical treatment for patients with tumor, histopathological results must be followed carefully after appendectomy.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Appendectomy; Appendiceal Neoplasms; Appendix; Humans; Middle Aged; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35485573
DOI: 10.14744/tjtes.2021.86032 -
Clinical Gastroenterology and... Sep 2021
Topics: Appendix; Endometriosis; Female; Humans
PubMed: 31077836
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.04.070 -
Journal of Gastroenterology and... Jan 2022
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Journal of Parkinson's Disease 2019Parkinson's disease (PD) has long been considered a brain disease, but studies now point to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract as a potential starting point for PD. In... (Review)
Review
Parkinson's disease (PD) has long been considered a brain disease, but studies now point to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract as a potential starting point for PD. In particular, the human vermiform appendix has been implicated in PD. The appendix is a tissue rich in immune cells, serving as part of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and as a storehouse for the gut microbiome. The functions of the appendix converge with recent evidence demonstrating that gut inflammation and shifts in the microbiome are linked to PD. Some epidemiological studies have linked removal of the appendix to lowered PD risk, though there is controversy among these associations. What is apparent is that there is an abundance of aggregated forms of α-synuclein in the appendix relevant to PD pathology. α-Synuclein pathology is thought to propagate from gut to brain via the vagus nerve, which innervates GI tract locations, including the appendix. Remarkably, α-synuclein aggregates in the appendix occur not only in PD patients, but are also present in healthy individuals. This has led to the proposal that in the appendix α-synuclein aggregates are not unique to PD. Moreover, the molecular events leading to PD and the mechanisms by which α-synuclein aggregates transfers from gut to brain may be identifiable in the human appendix. The influence of the appendix on GI inflammation, autoimmunity, microbiome storage, and the lymphatic system may be yet unexplored mechanisms by which the appendix contributes to PD. Overall, the appendix represents a promising tissue site to advance our understanding of PD pathobiology.
Topics: Animals; Appendix; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Immune System; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Lymphatic System; Parkinson Disease; alpha-Synuclein
PubMed: 31609697
DOI: 10.3233/JPD-191703 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2022
Topics: Humans; Mucocele; Appendix; Appendectomy; Intestinal Diseases; Cecal Diseases; Appendiceal Neoplasms
PubMed: 36762160
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.43.123.33175 -
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Appendix
PubMed: 35988694
DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2022.08.018 -
Problemy Sotsial'noi Gigieny,... Sep 2023The article covers aspects of morphological, anatomical, embryological, histological aspects and origin, types, blood supply, innervation, lymph drainage of human...
The article covers aspects of morphological, anatomical, embryological, histological aspects and origin, types, blood supply, innervation, lymph drainage of human vermiform appendix. The purpose of the study is to understand real function and to summarize this information for positive impact on clinical decision in case of appendicitis. Although characteristic features of normal and diseased appendix have been reported for many previous centuries, it still the most common challenge facing every day in operation room. The appendectomy, commonest surgical emergency procedure, may cause little confusion in surgeons due to highly variable situations of it inside the abdominal cavity. However, the recent imaging techniques have increased ability of surgeon for crucial diagnosis of the diseased appendix.
Topics: Humans; Appendix; Appendectomy; Appendicitis
PubMed: 37898889
DOI: 10.32687/0869-866X-2023-31-5-990-995