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Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive... 2022Ideomotor apraxia, a disorder of skilled movements affecting limbs and/or face, can be seen in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), yet tests of apraxia in PD are...
INTRODUCTION
Ideomotor apraxia, a disorder of skilled movements affecting limbs and/or face, can be seen in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), yet tests of apraxia in PD are rare. The aim of this project was to evaluate the psychometric properties and validity of the Dementia Apraxia Test (DATE) in a PD sample.
METHODS
118 PD patients were included. Besides DATE performance, motor and non-motor burden, cognition, and activity of daily living (ADL) function were assessed. Patients were classified as cognitively impaired (n = 41) or non-cognitively impaired (n = 77).
RESULTS
Interrater reliability of the DATE (sub-)scores between video ratings and on-site ratings by the investigator was good (0.81 ≤ rk ≤ 0.87). Items were mostly easy to perform, especially the buccofacial apraxia items, which had also low discriminatory power. DATE scores were associated with cognition and ADL function. DATE performance was confounded by motor impairment and patients' age; however, when analysed for both cognitive groups separately, the correlation between DATE and motor performance was not significant.
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION
The DATE seems to be an objective and predominantly valid apraxia screening tool for PD patients, with a few items needing revision. Due to the potential effect of motor impairment and age, standardized scores adjusting for these confounders are needed.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Apraxias; Dementia; Humans; Neuropsychological Tests; Parkinson Disease; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 35850108
DOI: 10.1159/000525618 -
Journal of AAPOS : the Official... Apr 2022Wieacker-Wolff syndrome is an X-linked condition caused by variants of the ZC4H2 gene that results in in utero muscular weakness that manifests clinically as...
Wieacker-Wolff syndrome is an X-linked condition caused by variants of the ZC4H2 gene that results in in utero muscular weakness that manifests clinically as arthrogryposis congenita as well as facial and bulbar weakness. We report the case of a young girl with a de novo pathogenic deletion in the ZC4H2 gene and clinical features consistent with Wieacker-Wolff syndrome. Common eye manifestations of the syndrome reported in the literature include ptosis, strabismus, and oculomotor apraxia. The overall incidence of these manifestations is 56%.
Topics: Apraxias; Contracture; Female; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked; Humans; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Muscular Atrophy; Nuclear Proteins; Ophthalmoplegia
PubMed: 35121145
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2021.10.010 -
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders May 2018"Apraxia of gait" is not a useful concept and freezing of gait should also not be considered an apraxia. The concept of apraxia may, however, be applied to distortions... (Review)
Review
"Apraxia of gait" is not a useful concept and freezing of gait should also not be considered an apraxia. The concept of apraxia may, however, be applied to distortions of postural transitions that can accompany fronto-parietal lesions.
Topics: Apraxias; Gait Apraxia; Gait Disorders, Neurologic; Humans; Postural Balance; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 29477458
DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.02.024 -
Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive... 2022Progressive agrammatic aphasia (PAA) can be associated with abnormal behaviors; however, it is unknown whether behaviors occur and/or are different in patients with...
INTRODUCTION
Progressive agrammatic aphasia (PAA) can be associated with abnormal behaviors; however, it is unknown whether behaviors occur and/or are different in patients with primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS). We aimed to compare baseline and longitudinal behavioral symptomatology between PPAOS, patients with PAA, and patients with both apraxia of speech and PAA (AOS-PAA).
METHODS
We recruited 89 patients for this study, 40 with PPAOS, 11 with PAA, and 38 with AOS-PAA. Behavioral disturbances were evaluated using the frontal behavior inventory (FBI) which was also split into negative behaviors and disinhibition, and the 20-item behavioral assessment scale (20-BAS). Data analysis was performed using linear regression and linear mixed models.
RESULTS
Of the 89 patients in the study, 54% were women and the mean age at onset was 68 years. All patients, regardless of diagnosis, endorsed at least one symptom on the FBI at baseline, most frequently verbal apraxia (100%), logopenia (95.6%), irritability (55.9%), and apathy (42.6%). On the 20-BAS, 47.6% of the patients endorsed at least one symptom, most commonly "crying more easily" (19.5%) and personality change (18.3%). PPAOS was the least behaviorally affected group, with differences between PPAOS and AOS-PAA mainly driven by negative behaviors as opposed to disinhibition for PPAOS and PAA. The behavioral metrics showed average sensitivity and specificity to distinguish between groups. Behavioral disturbances worsened over time although rate of behavioral change across groups was similar.
CONCLUSION
Behavioral disturbances are more common and severe in patients with agrammatic aphasia with or without AOS compared to patients with isolated apraxia of speech.
Topics: Aphasia; Aphasia, Primary Progressive; Apraxias; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Speech
PubMed: 35526526
DOI: 10.1159/000524474 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Jul 2024Limb apraxia is a motor disorder frequently observed following a stroke. Apraxic deficits are classically assessed with four tasks: tool use, pantomime of tool use,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Limb apraxia is a motor disorder frequently observed following a stroke. Apraxic deficits are classically assessed with four tasks: tool use, pantomime of tool use, imitation, and gesture understanding. These tasks are supported by several cognitive processes represented in a left-lateralized brain network including inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobe (IPL), and lateral occipito-temporal cortex (LOTC). For the past twenty years, voxel-wise lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) studies have been used to unravel the neural correlates associated with apraxia, but none of them has proposed a comprehensive view of the topic. In the present work, we proposed to fill this gap by performing a systematic Anatomic Likelihood Estimation meta-analysis of VLSM studies which included tasks traditionally used to assess apraxia. We found that the IPL was crucial for all the tasks. Moreover, lesions within the LOTC were more associated with imitation deficits than tool use or pantomime, confirming its important role in higher visual processing. Our results questioned traditional neurocognitive models on apraxia and may have important clinical implications.
Topics: Humans; Apraxias; Brain Mapping; Brain; Likelihood Functions; Brain Injuries; Stroke
PubMed: 38754714
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105720 -
Journal of Speech, Language, and... Mar 2023The purpose of this study was to investigate comorbidity prevalence and patterns in childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) and their relationship to severity.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate comorbidity prevalence and patterns in childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) and their relationship to severity.
METHOD
In this retroactive cross-sectional study, medical records for 375 children with CAS ( = 4;9 [years;months], = 2;9) were examined for comorbid conditions. The total number of comorbid conditions and the number of communication-related comorbidities were regressed on CAS severity as rated by speech-language pathologists during diagnosis. The relationship between CAS severity and the presence of four common comorbid conditions was also examined using ordinal or multinomial regressions.
RESULTS
Overall, 83 children were classified with mild CAS; 35, with moderate CAS; and 257, with severe CAS. Only one child had no comorbidities. The average number of comorbid conditions was 8.4 ( = 3.4), and the average number of communication-related comorbidities was 5.6 ( = 2.2). Over 95% of children had comorbid expressive language impairment. Children with comorbid intellectual disability (78.1%), receptive language impairment (72.5%), and nonspeech apraxia (37.3%; including limb, nonspeech oromotor, and oculomotor apraxia) were significantly more likely to have severe CAS than children without these comorbidities. However, children with comorbid autism spectrum disorder (33.6%) were no more likely to have severe CAS than children without autism.
CONCLUSIONS
Comorbidity appears to be the rule, rather than the exception, for children with CAS. Comorbid intellectual disability, receptive language impairment, and nonspeech apraxia confer additional risk for more severe forms of CAS. Findings are limited by being from a convenience sample of participants but inform future models of comorbidity.
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL
https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22096622.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Speech; Speech Disorders; Retrospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Intellectual Disability; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Apraxias; Comorbidity; Language Development Disorders
PubMed: 36795544
DOI: 10.1044/2022_JSLHR-22-00436 -
CoDAS 2015This study systematically reviews the literature on the main tools used to evaluate childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
This study systematically reviews the literature on the main tools used to evaluate childhood apraxia of speech (CAS).
RESEARCH STRATEGY
The search strategy includes Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Empirical studies that used tools for assessing CAS were selected.
DATA ANALYSIS
Articles were selected by two independent researchers.
RESULTS
The search retrieved 695 articles, out of which 12 were included in the study. Five tools were identified: Verbal Motor Production Assessment for Children, Dynamic Evaluation of Motor Speech Skill, The Orofacial Praxis Test, Kaufman Speech Praxis Test for Children, and Madison Speech Assessment Protocol. There are few instruments available for CAS assessment and most of them are intended to assess praxis and/or orofacial movements, sequences of orofacial movements, articulation of syllables and phonemes, spontaneous speech, and prosody.
CONCLUSION
There are some tests for assessment and diagnosis of CAS. However, few studies on this topic have been conducted at the national level, as well as protocols to assess and assist in an accurate diagnosis.
Topics: Apraxias; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Motor Skills; Neuropsychological Tests; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Speech Disorders
PubMed: 26691627
DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20152014152 -
Applied Neuropsychology. Adult 2024Verbal and oral apraxia are two possible consequences of stroke. It seems that there are not sufficient studies regarding the frequency of these disorders. This study...
Verbal and oral apraxia are two possible consequences of stroke. It seems that there are not sufficient studies regarding the frequency of these disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of Verbal and oral apraxia. In addition, the relationship between apraxia and some variables such as age, gender, and education, as well as the relationship between types of apraxia with each other, and damaged areas of the brain in apraxia of the oral system in Persian-speaking patients with stroke were studied. In this descriptive-analytical study, 42 patients participated using the convenient sampling method. Verbal and oral apraxia were assessed using the oral and verbal apraxia tasks for adults test. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact test. The frequency of patients with oral apraxia was 35.7%, those with verbal apraxia was 2.3%, and the combination of both verbal and oral apraxia was 4.7%. People with apraxia were significantly older than those without apraxia. There was not any significant relationship between apraxia and gender, apraxia and education, and oral apraxia with verbal apraxia ( < 0.05). The present study's findings showed the high frequency of post-stroke apraxia and the high rate of its incidence with age.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Apraxias; Stroke; Brain; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34726969
DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1993225 -
Journal of Speech, Language, and... Apr 2017Our purpose was to create a comprehensive review of speech impairment in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), primary progressive aphasia (PPA), and progressive apraxia of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
Our purpose was to create a comprehensive review of speech impairment in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), primary progressive aphasia (PPA), and progressive apraxia of speech in order to identify the most effective measures for diagnosis and monitoring, and to elucidate associations between speech and neuroimaging.
METHOD
Speech and neuroimaging data described in studies of FTD and PPA were systematically reviewed. A meta-analysis was conducted for speech measures that were used consistently in multiple studies.
RESULTS
The methods and nomenclature used to describe speech in these disorders varied between studies. Our meta-analysis identified 3 speech measures which differentiate variants or healthy control-group participants (e.g., nonfluent and logopenic variants of PPA from all other groups, behavioral-variant FTD from a control group). Deficits within the frontal-lobe speech networks are linked to motor speech profiles of the nonfluent variant of PPA and progressive apraxia of speech. Motor speech impairment is rarely reported in semantic and logopenic variants of PPA. Limited data are available on motor speech impairment in the behavioral variant of FTD.
CONCLUSIONS
Our review identified several measures of speech which may assist with diagnosis and classification, and consolidated the brain-behavior associations relating to speech in FTD, PPA, and progressive apraxia of speech.
Topics: Aphasia, Primary Progressive; Apraxias; Brain; Frontotemporal Dementia; Humans; Motor Skills; Phenotype; Speech
PubMed: 28289749
DOI: 10.1044/2016_JSLHR-S-16-0140 -
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Oct 2016Motor speech disorders are common in a number of neurological conditions including diseases involving impairment of the pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar... (Review)
Review
Motor speech disorders are common in a number of neurological conditions including diseases involving impairment of the pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar pathways, cranial nerves, muscular apparatus, neuromuscular plaque, and of cognitive, symbolic and mnestic activities. The diagnosis of speech disorders, namely the dysarthrias, involves the assessment of characteristic structural cerebral, prosodic, phonetic and phonemic changes, often flanked by concomitant functional, clinical, neuroradiological, neurophysiological and behavioral impairment. This paper presents a brief outline of the most significant associations to facilitate prompt differential diagnosis and thereby reduce the number of instrumental examinations required for diagnostic testing.
Topics: Apraxias; Diagnosis, Differential; Dysarthria; Humans; Speech; Verbal Behavior
PubMed: 27653923
DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.08.048