-
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and... Jun 2023, , , and are significant foodborne pathogens regarding the consumption of raw poultry meat. An existing survey was conducted to assess the occurrence of , , , and in...
OBJECTIVE
, , , and are significant foodborne pathogens regarding the consumption of raw poultry meat. An existing survey was conducted to assess the occurrence of , , , and in raw poultry meat samples.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ninety-four raw ostrich, turkey, chicken, and quail meat samples were collected and subjected to culture-based analysis. , , , and isolates were confirmed by standard biochemical techniques.
RESULTS
The occurrence of , , , and in poultry meat samples was 11.45%, 17.70%, 1.04%, and 16.66%, respectively. was absent in chicken, turkey, and ostrich meat samples. Only one quail meat (4.16%) was positive for . The uppermost contamination rate with , , and was found in chicken (25%), turkey (25%), and turkey (25%) meat samples, respectively. The concurrent occurrence of + + bacteria amid the examined poultry meat samples was 2.08%.
CONCLUSION
This is an initial report of , , and in poultry meat samples. Adequate cooking of poultry meat can diminish foodborne diseases due to , , , and bacteria, and these species may constitute a public health problem.
PubMed: 37534081
DOI: 10.5455/javar.2023.j670 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Nov 2019Two strains (RW43-9 and RW17-10) recovered from secondary treated wastewater from the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in Reus (Spain) were characterized by a...
Two strains (RW43-9 and RW17-10) recovered from secondary treated wastewater from the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in Reus (Spain) were characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic study, showing evidence that they represented two novel species. Based on the 16S rRNA gene for strain RW43-9, the closest relative was LMG 10828 (99.9 % similarity), while for strain RW17-10 it was CECT 7836 (99.4 %). Additionally, multilocus phylogenetic analysis of five concatenated housekeeping genes (, , , and ) showed that the two strains formed separate branches that are different from known species. Whole genome sequences of the two strains (RW43-9 and RW17-10) were obtained and they were compared with those of the type strains of their nearest species. Using average nucleotide identity and DNA-DNA hybridization gave values that were below 96 and 70 %, respectively. These results clearly confirm that they represent novel species. Additionally, the phenotypic characterization of the strains allowed their differentiation from other species. Therefore, the strains are proposed as representing two novel species with the names sp. nov. (type strain RW43-9=CECT 8994=LMG 29062) and sp. nov. (type strain RW17-10=CECT 9140=LMG 29151).
Topics: Arcobacter; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genes, Bacterial; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spain; Wastewater; Water Microbiology; Water Purification
PubMed: 30394871
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003101 -
BMC Veterinary Research Jul 2019Infectious abortion in ruminants is a problem in animal husbandry worldwide. It is important to obtain a diagnosis, to make sure that proper control measures can be...
BACKGROUND
Infectious abortion in ruminants is a problem in animal husbandry worldwide. It is important to obtain a diagnosis, to make sure that proper control measures can be instituted, but most abortion cases remain without an etiologic diagnosis. This report describes the presence of Arcobacter species and several neglected opportunistic abortifacient agents in ruminant abortion cases showing or not co-infections among at least one of the major recognized protozoal, fungal, bacterial and viral abortifacient agents.
RESULTS
A total of 67 fetuses (55 cattle and 12 goats) and just one placenta (cattle) were considered. Among the most common abortive agents, Neospora caninum (19,4%), followed by Chlamydophila abortus (4,5%), Listeria monocytogenes 1/2a (2,98%), Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus type 1b (2,98%), Bovine herpesvirus 4 (2,98%), and Aspergillus spp. (2,98%) were detected. The isolated neglected opportunistic bacteria include Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus suis, Trueperella pyogenes, Mannheimia haemolytica, Bacillus cereus and Nocardia spp. Other bacterial species, not associated with abortion by literature, but described as causes of diseases occurring sporadically both in humans and animals, were also detected. Three Arcobacter strains, namely two A. skirrowii and one A. cryaerophilus, were isolated from 3 bovine aborted fetuses, and A. butzleri was isolated from the placenta.
CONCLUSIONS
A not negligible isolation of Arcobacter species and other neglected abortifacient agents has to be mentioned, with prevalences that seem to be emerging and replacing or co-placing the major infectious players in bovine and caprine reproductive failure due to abortion disease, even if further studies investigating the aetiological power and transmission routes are needed in order to define the role of these microrganisms in ruminant abortion.
Topics: Aborted Fetus; Abortion, Veterinary; Animals; Arcobacter; Bacterial Infections; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Goat Diseases; Goats; Italy; Mycoses; Opportunistic Infections; Parasitic Diseases, Animal; Placenta; Pregnancy; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 31340816
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2009-3 -
BMC Microbiology Jan 2024Water is considered a source for the transmission of Arcobacter species to both humans and animals. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence, distribution, and...
BACKGROUND
Water is considered a source for the transmission of Arcobacter species to both humans and animals. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence, distribution, and pathogenicity of A. butzleri strains, which can potentially pose health risks to humans and animals. Cultures were isolated from surface waters of a mixed-use but predominately agricultural watershed in eastern Ontario, Canada. The detection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence-associated genes (VAGs), as well as enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) assays were performed on 913 A. butzleri strains isolated from 11 agricultural sampling sites.
RESULTS
All strains were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents, with a high rate of resistance to clindamycin (99%) and chloramphenicol (77%), followed by azithromycin (48%) and nalidixic acid (49%). However, isolates showed a significantly (p < 0.05) high rate of susceptibility to tetracycline (1%), gentamycin (2%), ciprofloxacin (4%), and erythromycin (5%). Of the eight VAGs tested, ciaB, mviN, tlyA, and pldA were detected at high frequency (> 85%) compared to irgA (25%), hecB (19%), hecA (15%), and cj1349 (12%) genes. Co-occurrence analysis showed A. butzleri strains resistant to clindamycin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, and azithromycin were positive for ciaB, tlyA, mviN and pldA VAGs. ERIC-PCR fingerprint analysis revealed high genetic similarity among strains isolated from three sites, and the genotypes were significantly associated with AMR and VAGs results, which highlight their potential environmental ubiquity and potential as pathogenic.
CONCLUSIONS
The study results show that agricultural activities likely contribute to the contamination of A. butzleri in surface water. The findings underscore the importance of farm management practices in controlling the potential spread of A. butzleri and its associated health risks to humans and animals through contaminated water.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Arcobacter; Canada; Azithromycin; Clindamycin; Virulence; Nalidixic Acid; Chloramphenicol; Enterobacteriaceae
PubMed: 38191309
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03119-x -
International Journal of Medical... Nov 2014Recent case reports have identified Arcobacter (A.) butzleri to be another emerging pathogen of the family Campylobacteraceae causing foodborne diseases. However, little...
Recent case reports have identified Arcobacter (A.) butzleri to be another emerging pathogen of the family Campylobacteraceae causing foodborne diseases. However, little is known about its interaction with the human immune system. As macrophages act as first defense against bacterial infections, we studied for the first time the impact of A. butzleri on human macrophages using THP-1 derived macrophages as an in vitro infection model. Our investigations considered the inflammatory response, intracellular survival and activation of caspases as potential virulence mechanisms employed by A. butzleri. Induction of IL-1α, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12ß and TNFα demonstrated a pro-inflammatory response of infected macrophages towards A. butzleri. gentamycin protection assays revealed the ability of A. butzleri strains to survive and resist the hostile environment of phagocytic immune cells for up to 22 h. Moreover, initial activation of intitiator- (CASP8) as well as effector caspases (CASP3/7) was observed without the onset of DNA damage, suggesting a potential counter regulation. Intriguingly, we recognized distinct strain specific differences in invasion and survival capabilities. This suggests the existence of isolate dependent phenotype variations and different virulence potentials as known for other intestinal pathogens such as Salmonella enterica ssp.
Topics: Arcobacter; Caspases; Cell Line; Cytokines; Cytoplasm; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Macrophages; Microbial Viability
PubMed: 25245281
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.08.017 -
International Journal of Food... Jul 2022Various species of the genus Arcobacter are regarded as emerging food pathogens and can be cause of human gastroenteric illness, among others. In order to gain knowledge...
Various species of the genus Arcobacter are regarded as emerging food pathogens and can be cause of human gastroenteric illness, among others. In order to gain knowledge on the risk associated with the presence of arcobacters in retail foods, this study aimed to determine their presence in a variety of products; to evaluate the genetic diversity and the occurrence of virulence and biofilm-associated genes in the isolated strains; and to assess their biofilm activity on polystyrene, borosilicate and stainless steel. Arcobacters were detected in the 22.3% of the analysed samples and the 83 recovered isolates were identified as A. butzleri (n = 53), A. cryaerophilus (n = 24), A. skirrowii (n = 2), A. thereius (n = 3) and A. vitoriensis (n = 1). They were isolated from virtually all tested food types, but mostly from squids and turkey meat (contamination levels of 60% and 40%, respectively). MLST differentiated 68 STs, most of which were novel (89.7%) and represented by a single strain (86.9%). Five novel STs were detected in various isolates derived from seafood, and the statistical analysis revealed their potential association with that type of food product (p < 0,001). All the isolates except one harboured virulence-associated genes and the highest incidence was noted for A. butzleri. Nineteen isolates (23.5%) were able to form biofilms on the different surfaces tested and, of note; glass enhanced the adhesion ability of the majority of them (84.2%). The results highlight the role that common food products can have in the transmission of Arcobacter spp., the pathogenic potential of the different species, and the survival and growth ability of several of them on different food contact surfaces. Therefore, the study provides interesting information regarding the risk arcobacters may pose to human health and the food industry.
Topics: Arcobacter; Biofilms; Food Microbiology; Humans; Meat; Multilocus Sequence Typing
PubMed: 35567892
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109712 -
The Veterinary Quarterly Dec 2017Arcobacter has emerged as an important food-borne zoonotic pathogen, causing sometimes serious infections in humans and animals. Newer species of Arcobacter are being... (Review)
Review
Arcobacter has emerged as an important food-borne zoonotic pathogen, causing sometimes serious infections in humans and animals. Newer species of Arcobacter are being incessantly emerging (presently 25 species have been identified) with novel information on the evolutionary mechanisms and genetic diversity among different Arcobacter species. These have been reported from chickens, domestic animals (cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, dogs), reptiles (lizards, snakes and chelonians), meat (poultry, pork, goat, lamb, beef, rabbit), vegetables and from humans in different countries. Arcobacters are implicated as causative agents of diarrhea, mastitis and abortion in animals, while causing bacteremia, endocarditis, peritonitis, gastroenteritis and diarrhea in humans. Three species including A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii are predominantly associated with clinical conditions. Arcobacters are primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water sources. Identification of Arcobacter by biochemical tests is difficult and isolation remains the gold standard method. Current diagnostic advances have provided various molecular methods for efficient detection and differentiation of the Arcobacters at genus and species level. To overcome the emerging antibiotic resistance problem there is an essential need to explore the potential of novel and alternative therapies. Strengthening of the diagnostic aspects is also suggested as in most cases Arcobacters goes unnoticed and hence the exact epidemiological status remains uncertain. This review updates the current knowledge and many aspects of this important food-borne pathogen, namely etiology, evolution and emergence, genetic diversity, epidemiology, the disease in animals and humans, public health concerns, and advances in its diagnosis, prevention and control.
Topics: Animals; Arcobacter; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Foodborne Diseases; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Zoonoses
PubMed: 28438095
DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2017.1323355 -
Iranian Journal of Microbiology Dec 2020species are food-borne and zoonotic enteropathogens. Defined breakpoints for the investigation of antimicrobial resistance of are missing.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
species are food-borne and zoonotic enteropathogens. Defined breakpoints for the investigation of antimicrobial resistance of are missing.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was performed to investigate the incidence and antimicrobial resistance of species in animals and poultry meat samples procured from slaughterhouses in Iran. To investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, samples were collected from cattle (n=100), sheep (n=100), goat (n=100), broiler chicken (n=100), turkey (n=100) and quail (n=100). isolates of meat samples were isolated, investigated by PCR method and antibiotic resistance was also investigated. The susceptibility was assessed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion.
RESULTS
The results showed that 52 samples (8.66%) were positive for spp. The most prevalence were observed in broiler chickens (26%, n=26 samples), quail (13%, n=13 samples), turkey (8%, n=8), cattle (3%, n=3), sheep (1%, n=1) and goat (1%, n=1). had highest prevalence among species. All the isolates showed sensitivity to gentamicin, streptomycin and tetracycline.
CONCLUSION
Poultry meat is a potential source of infection with that must be considered in slaughterhouses in Iran. species showed sensitivity for a broad spectrum of antibiotics that can be used during infection with species.
PubMed: 33613907
DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v12i6.5027 -
Italian Journal of Food Safety Mar 2021Given that the number of foodborne illness outbreaks linked to the consumption of ready-to-eat vegetables has been widely documented and considering that data on the...
Given that the number of foodborne illness outbreaks linked to the consumption of ready-to-eat vegetables has been widely documented and considering that data on the occurrence of spp. in such foodstuffs are lacking, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of spp. and the occurrence of virulence factors as well as to genotype spp. in ready-to-eat (RTE) vegetable samples, using cultural and biomolecular assays. spp. was detected in 16/110 (14.5%) samples, with being detected in 15/16 and in 1/16 isolates. PCRs aimed at the nine putative virulence genes demonstrated widespread distribution of such genes among and isolates. In addition, multilocus sequence type (MLST) analysis revealed a low genetic diversity within the arcobacters isolates. The results underline the need to develop an appropriate surveillance system based on biomolecular characterization for an integrated microbiological risk assessment of ready-toeat vegetables, and consequently of composite foods.
PubMed: 33907683
DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2021.8585 -
Journal of Food Protection May 2017Arcobacter is a gram-negative rod recognized as a potential food- and waterborne pathogen; nevertheless, little is known about the effects of this pathogen on human and...
Arcobacter is a gram-negative rod recognized as a potential food- and waterborne pathogen; nevertheless, little is known about the effects of this pathogen on human and animal health. Although Arcobacter species are commonly found in nature, poultry is suspected to be the main vehicle for the transmission of this pathogen. The aims of this work were to determine the prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in broilers produced in Costa Rica for human consumption and to analyze the pathogenic capacity of the isolates through the detection of virulence genes. One hundred fifty-two samples of cecal content (87 farms), 104 samples of carcass rinse after chiller (six processing plants), and 96 carcass rinses from as many retail stores were analyzed. The suspicious isolates were identified using genus-specific PCR, and species-level identification was achieved with a multiplex PCR. Virulence genes were identified using the protocol described by L. Douidah, L. de Zutter, J. Baré, P. De Vos, P. Vandamme, O. Vandenberg, A.-M. Van den Abeele, and K. Houf (J. Clin. Microbiol. 50:735-741, 2012), which includes nine different virulence genes. The overall isolation frequency of Arcobacter was 6.5% (n = 23). Eight (34.8%) of the isolates came from cecal content, 2 (8.7%) were isolated from samples taken after chiller, and 13 (56.5%) were from retail stores. The species isolated included A. thereius (30.4%), A. butzleri (21.7%), A. skirrowii (4.3%), and A. cibarius (4.3%). The remaining samples were classified as Arcobacter sp. Gene tlyA was the most prevalent virulence gene, present in 9 of 23 samples analyzed; genes hecA and pldA were present in one only strain each. A strain of A. butzleri isolated from a retail store presented the highest number of virulence genes (five), and 11 samples did not present any of the genes analyzed. The results obtained suggest that the presence of virulent Arcobacter isolates in the poultry production chain from Costa Rica could be a risk for individuals who consume the contaminated product.
PubMed: 28371593
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-16-394