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BMC Ophthalmology Apr 2024To assess the prevalence of low corneal endothelial cell density and correlates of corneal endothelial cell density among adults attending Mbarara University and...
BACKGROUND
To assess the prevalence of low corneal endothelial cell density and correlates of corneal endothelial cell density among adults attending Mbarara University and Referral Hospital Eye Centre in Uganda.
METHODS
In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, participants 18 years and older, were enrolled. We obtained informed consent, and basic demographic data. We also conducted visual acuity, a detailed slit lamp examination, intra-ocular pressure, corneal diameter, tear-film break-up time, keratometry, A-scan, and pachymetry on all participants. A confocal microscope Heidelberg HRT3 was used to examine the central cornea and to obtain the mean cell density (cells/mm). To calculate the proportion of low endothelial cell density, descriptive statistics were used, whereas correlates of endothelial cell density were assessed, using linear regression analyses.
RESULTS
We evaluated a total of 798 eyes of 404 participants aged between 18 and 90 years (males = 187, females = 217). The average endothelial cell density was 2763.6 cells/mm, and there was a decrease in endothelial cell density with increasing age, irrespective of gender. There was no significant difference in endothelial cell density between males and females. Increasing age (adjusted coefficient - 10.1, p < 0.001), history of smoking (adjusted coefficient - 439.6, p = 0.004), history of ocular surgery (adjusted coefficient - 168.0, p = 0.023), having dry eye (adjusted coefficient - 136.0, p = 0.051), and having arcus senilis (adjusted coefficient - 132.0, p = 0.08), were correlated with lower endothelial cell density. However, increasing corneal diameter (adjusted coefficient 134.0, p = 0.006), increasing central corneal thickness (adjusted coefficient 1.2, p = 0.058), and increasing axial length (adjusted coefficient 65.8, p = 0.026), were correlated with higher endothelial cell density. We found five eyes (0.63%) from different participants with a low endothelial cell density (< 1000cells/mm).
CONCLUSION
Our study established baseline normal ranges of ECD in a predominantly black African population, and found that low ECD is rare in our population. The elderly, smokers, and those with past ocular surgery are the most vulnerable. The low prevalence could be due to a lack of reference values for the black African population.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Male; Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Middle Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Uganda; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cornea; Hospitals; Endothelial Cells
PubMed: 38616259
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03435-4 -
BMJ Case Reports Jun 2018A 25-year-old male patient presented with complaints of blurred vision in both eyes since 2 years. The patient was a known case of nephrotic syndrome with dyslipidaemia...
A 25-year-old male patient presented with complaints of blurred vision in both eyes since 2 years. The patient was a known case of nephrotic syndrome with dyslipidaemia for which he was on diuretics and lipid-lowering agents for 3 years. On examination, his visual acuity was 6/9 in both eyes with cloudy cornea and arcus juvenilis. Fundus examination was within normal limits. On systemic work-up, his lipid profile was deranged with increased serum total cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and triglyceride. The serum high density lipoprotein was decreased. Renal function test revealed elevated serum creatinine with significant proteinuria. Renal biopsy was suggestive of dense deposit disease on immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Ocular manifestation of dense deposit disease is characterised by retinal drusen, pigmentary atrophy, choroidal neovascular membrane and atypical serous retinopathy. To the best of our knowledge, anterior segment changes in dense deposit disease has not been reported. This is the first case reporting cloudy cornea with arcus juvenilis in a case of dense deposit disease.
Topics: Adult; Arcus Senilis; Cornea; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative; Humans; Male; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 29950499
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-224545 -
Ophthalmic Genetics 2015H syndrome is an autosomal recessive histiocytosis with multisystemic involvement caused by mutations in the SLC29A3 gene. The term H syndrome was coined to denote the...
BACKGROUND
H syndrome is an autosomal recessive histiocytosis with multisystemic involvement caused by mutations in the SLC29A3 gene. The term H syndrome was coined to denote the major clinical findings which include hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, hearing loss, hepatosplenomegaly, hypogonadism, hyperglycemia/diabetes mellitus and hallux valgus/flexion contractures. Almost 100 individuals affected with this disorder have been reported, however, a thorough evaluation of the ophthalmologic features of H syndrome has not yet been performed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ophthalmic examination of a 50-year-old male with H syndrome. Mutation analysis of SLC29A3 was also performed in this patient.
RESULTS
Ophthalmic findings included; shallow orbits with exorbitism, bilateral pterygium, limbal thickening, corneal arcus and cortical cataract. We also review ophthalmologic findings in previously reported H syndrome patients.
CONCLUSIONS
The presence of dilated lateral scleral vessels, corneal arcus and shallow orbits should raise the suspicion of H syndrome, especially when seen in young age.
Topics: Arcus Senilis; Cataract; Contracture; DNA Mutational Analysis; Exophthalmos; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Histiocytosis; Humans; Limbus Corneae; Male; Middle Aged; Nucleoside Transport Proteins; Pterygium; Sclera; Vascular Diseases
PubMed: 24547910
DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2014.886272 -
Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift... Aug 2021
Topics: Aged; Arcus Senilis; Atorvastatin; Cornea; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypolipidemic Agents; Male
PubMed: 34416769
DOI: 10.1055/a-1527-4848 -
Journal of AAPOS : the Official... Dec 2018A 2.6-year-old boy presented with prominent corneal arcus. This clinical sign is rarely seen at such a young age and led to the diagnosis of familial...
A 2.6-year-old boy presented with prominent corneal arcus. This clinical sign is rarely seen at such a young age and led to the diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Genetic analysis detected biallelic pathogenic sequence variants c.1069G>A and c.2034C>A in the LDLR gene. There is significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with FH, hence early diagnosis and treatment is imperative.
Topics: Adult; Arcus Senilis; Child, Preschool; Cholesterol, LDL; Cornea; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Genetic Testing; Homozygote; Humans; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II; Male; Phenotype
PubMed: 30179711
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2018.03.017 -
BMC Ophthalmology Sep 2017Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) has grown in popularity among ophthalmologists as a novel technique. However, descemet membrane detachment (DMD)...
BACKGROUND
Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) has grown in popularity among ophthalmologists as a novel technique. However, descemet membrane detachment (DMD) began to be found as the complication after FLACS. We report a case of serious DMD following FLACS due to the inappropriate incision design.
CASE PRESENTATION
An 85-year-old man with apparent cornea arcus senilis underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in his right eye. A biplanar model was chosen for the main incision. A serious descemet membrane detachment (DMD) occurred at the end of phacoemulsification, which was connected with the main incision. However, the surgeon confused it with the transient swelling of corneal endothelium, and did not treated DMD timely. DMD was confirmed by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) at the postoperative 1-month follow-up. Eventually DMD was resolved by intracameral perfluropropane (C3F8) gas injection.
CONCLUSIONS
This case suggests that a careful incision separation and a triplanar incision design in FLACS may reduce the incidence of DMD in cataract surgery.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Corneal Diseases; Descemet Membrane; Humans; Laser Therapy; Male; Phacoemulsification; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 28915807
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-017-0566-4 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Aug 2018
Topics: Arcus Senilis; Asian People; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29884543
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.03.046 -
Anatolian Journal of Cardiology Sep 2018
Topics: Adult; Arcus Senilis; Atherosclerosis; Constriction, Pathologic; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Vessels; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Male; Xanthomatosis; Young Adult
PubMed: 30152805
DOI: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2018.46504 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Apr 2018
Topics: Arcus Senilis; Asian People; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans
PubMed: 29433742
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2017.12.027