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Swiss Dental Journal May 2018Vascular supply is key for maintenance of healthy tissue conditions but also with regard to healing following trauma or therapeutic interventions. The face is probably... (Review)
Review
Vascular supply is key for maintenance of healthy tissue conditions but also with regard to healing following trauma or therapeutic interventions. The face is probably the most exposed part of the body and any changes of vascularity are readily visible (skin blanching, ecchymosis, hematoma, edema). With regard to the arterial supply, all vessels reaching the facial skin originate from the bilateral common carotid arteries. The ophthalmic artery is considered the major arterial shunt between the internal and external carotid artery systems. Main arterial contributors to the face include the facial, transverse facial, and infraorbital arteries. In general, homonymous veins accompany the arteries, but there are some exceptions (inferior ophthalmic vein, retromandibular vein). Furthermore, the facial vein demonstrates a consistently more posterior course compared to the facial artery. Lymphatic vessels including lymph nodes play an important role for facial drainage.
Topics: Arteries; Carotid Artery, External; Carotid Artery, Internal; Face; Humans; Lymphatic System; Maxillary Artery; Ophthalmic Artery; Orbit; Reference Values; Skin; Temporal Arteries; Veins
PubMed: 29734800
DOI: 10.61872/sdj-2018-05-405 -
Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983) Jan 2019Arterial hypertension is à chronic disease that affects more than 25 % of the French adult population. Increased peripheral resistance combined with normal cardiac... (Review)
Review
Arterial hypertension is à chronic disease that affects more than 25 % of the French adult population. Increased peripheral resistance combined with normal cardiac output is a special feature of arterial hypertension. The increase in the resistance of arterioles remains an important feature of arterial hypertension while the study of the rigidity of large arterials trunks remains poorly explored. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement has been established as one of the major independent predictors of cardiovascular events in arterial hypertension.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Arteries; Arterioles; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies; Essential Hypertension; Hemodynamics; Humans; Models, Cardiovascular; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Pulse Wave Analysis; Vascular Resistance
PubMed: 30665781
DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2018.11.017 -
The Journal of Craniofacial SurgeryThe external carotid artery divides terminally into the superficial temporal and maxillary arteries (MA), deep to the base of the neck of the mandible. Arterial...
The external carotid artery divides terminally into the superficial temporal and maxillary arteries (MA), deep to the base of the neck of the mandible. Arterial fenestrations are commonly found in the vertebrobasilar and internal carotid systems but are rarely encountered, or reported, in the external carotid artery system. The archived computed tomography angiograms of a 70-year-old male patient were observed anatomically. Inferior to the posterior end of the lateral pterygoid muscle was found a fenestrated segment of the MA, oriented mediolaterally. The middle meningeal artery left the superior arm of that fenestration. The inferior arm of the fenestration gave off a temporoalveolar trunk, further divided into posterior deep temporal and inferior alveolar arteries. The MA fenestration and the temporoalveolar trunk are rare variations of the MA at the entrance in the infratemporal fossa. These make the MA prone to iatrogenic lesions during different surgical procedures addressed to this region.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Maxillary Artery; Pterygoid Muscles; Carotid Artery, External; Arteries; Angiography
PubMed: 35882049
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000008788 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Jan 2019
Review
Topics: Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Collateral Circulation; Epigastric Arteries; Femoral Artery; Humans; Iliac Artery; Lower Extremity; Mammary Arteries; Subclavian Artery; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 29946924
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-018-1679-9 -
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and... Jul 2020Peripheral artery disease is a common disorder and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therapy is directed at reducing the risk of major adverse... (Review)
Review
Peripheral artery disease is a common disorder and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therapy is directed at reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and at ameliorating symptoms. Medical therapy is effective at reducing the incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke to which these patients are prone but is inadequate in relieving limb-related symptoms, such as intermittent claudication, rest pain, and ischemic ulceration. Limb-related morbidity is best addressed with surgical and endovascular interventions that restore perfusion. Current medical therapies have only modest effects on limb blood flow. Accordingly, there is an opportunity to develop medical approaches to restore limb perfusion. Vascular regeneration to enhance limb blood flow includes methods to enhance angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and vasculogenesis using angiogenic cytokines and cell therapies. We review the molecular mechanisms of these processes; briefly discuss what we have learned from the clinical trials of angiogenic and cell therapies; and conclude with an overview of a potential new approach based upon transdifferentiation to enhance vascular regeneration in peripheral artery disease.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; Animals; Arteries; Cytokines; Humans; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Recovery of Function; Regeneration; Regional Blood Flow; Stem Cell Transplantation; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32434408
DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.312862 -
Neuroradiology Feb 2020The ophthalmic artery (OA) has one of the most complex anatomy and the most fascinating embryological development. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The ophthalmic artery (OA) has one of the most complex anatomy and the most fascinating embryological development.
METHODS
The complexity of the embryologic development of the OA resides in the implication of three different embryological systems: the carotid system, the stapedial system, and the ventral pharyngeal system.
RESULTS
This explains very well the numerous variations in origin of the OA and the importance of vascular anastomoses developed with branches of the external carotid artery and with the middle meningeal artery.
CONCLUSION
In this review, authors propose a comprehensive description of different hypotheses on the embryologic development of the OA and, in a second part, explain all anatomical variations and clinical implications of this artery.
Topics: Anatomic Variation; Carotid Artery, External; Humans; Meningeal Arteries; Ophthalmic Artery
PubMed: 31863143
DOI: 10.1007/s00234-019-02336-4 -
World Journal For Pediatric &... Mar 2017Arterial tortuosity syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive connective tissue disease characterized by elongation, tortuosity, and aneurysmal formation of the large and...
Arterial tortuosity syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive connective tissue disease characterized by elongation, tortuosity, and aneurysmal formation of the large and middle-sized arteries sometimes associated with stenosis of the pulmonary arteries and/or aorta. We present three cases of severe arterial tortuosity with different manifestations. In two cases, the aortic arch was involved. Angiography showed a very tortuous aortic arch, with many loops and twists and a normal descending aorta. One required operation. The third case presented multiple severe stenoses of both pulmonary arteries with many tortuous segments. Surgical repair consisted of pulmonary artery augmentation utilizing a bovine pericardial patch from hilum to hilum.
Topics: Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Arteries; Cattle; Computed Tomography Angiography; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Joint Instability; Male; Pericardium; Pulmonary Artery; Severity of Illness Index; Skin Diseases, Genetic; Vascular Malformations; Vascular Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 27095117
DOI: 10.1177/2150135116629396 -
World Neurosurgery Jul 2021Anatomic knowledge and insight depend on the cumulative contributions of anatomists over time, and eponyms pay homage to some of these individuals. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Anatomic knowledge and insight depend on the cumulative contributions of anatomists over time, and eponyms pay homage to some of these individuals.
METHODS
A PubMed literature review identified 11 eponymous arteries of the brain and spinal cord.
RESULTS
The 11 eponyms include the artery of Adamkiewicz, the artery of Bernasconi and Cassinari, the artery of Davidoff and Schechter, the recurrent artery of Heubner, McConnell's capsular arteries, the artery of Percheron, the artery of Salmon, the Vidian artery, the arteria termatica of Wilder, the circle of Willis, and the artery of Wollschlaeger and Wollschlaeger.
CONCLUSIONS
Eponyms remind us of an artery's importance and can improve our clinical acumen or technique. They have become an integral part of our day-to-day vocabulary, often without our historical knowledge of these anatomists. This report reviews these histories and the anatomy to deepen our appreciation of arterial eponyms in vascular neurosurgery.
Topics: Arteries; Brain; Eponyms; Humans; Neurosurgery; Neurosurgical Procedures; Spinal Cord
PubMed: 33548525
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.01.115 -
Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.) Oct 2017We offer a complete systemic review of the anatomy of arteries of the thumb, including their sources in the first web space. Eleven studies were selected from the... (Review)
Review
We offer a complete systemic review of the anatomy of arteries of the thumb, including their sources in the first web space. Eleven studies were selected from the PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus and Ovid databases. Data about each artery of the thumb were obtained; in particular, the incidence and dominance of each of these arteries were calculated. The ulnopalmar digital artery of the thumb (UPDAT) was found in 99.63%, the radiopalmar digital artery of the thumb (RPDAT) in 99.26%, the ulnodorsal digital artery of the thumb (UDDAT) in 83.39%, and the radiodorsal digital artery of the thumb (RDDAT) in 70.38%. The sources for the thumb arteries are the first palmar metacarpal artery (for UPDAT in 63.15%, for RPDAT in 78.88%, for UDDAT in 56.95% and for RDDAT in 41.48%), the first dorsal metacarpal artery (for UPDAT in 20.54%, for RPDAT 2.53%, for UDDAT in 20.62%, and for RDDAT in 4.81%) and the superficial palmar arch, either complete or incomplete (for UPDAT in 25.57%, for RPDAT in 23.04%, for UDDAT in 0%, and for RDDAT in 5.19%). The dominant source could be identified in 88.2% of cases: the first palmar metacarpal artery (66.2%), the first dorsal metacarpal artery (15.5%) and the superficial palmar arch, complete or incomplete (8.2%). Four arteries usually supply the thumb. Any artery in the first web space can be a source for the thumb arteries. We propose a new classification of the arteries of the hand, dividing them into three systems (superficial palmar, deep palmar and dorsal system), and suggest that the term "princeps pollicis artery" be reconsidered and systemic anatomical terms of the thumb arteries preferred. Clin. Anat. 30:963-973, 2017. ©2017 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Topics: Arteries; Hand; Humans; Thumb
PubMed: 28791730
DOI: 10.1002/ca.22973 -
Journal of Interventional Cardiology 2022Coronary arteries are exposed to a variety of complex biomechanical forces during a normal cardiac cycle. These forces have the potential to contribute to coronary stent...
INTRODUCTION
Coronary arteries are exposed to a variety of complex biomechanical forces during a normal cardiac cycle. These forces have the potential to contribute to coronary stent failure. Recent advances in stent design allow for the transmission of native pulsatile biomechanical forces in the stented vessel. However, there is a significant lack of evidence in a human model to measure vessel motion in native coronary arteries and stent conformability. Thus, we aimed to characterize and define coronary artery radial deformation and the effect of stent implantation on arterial deformation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) pullback DICOM images were obtained from human coronary arteries using a coronary ultrasound catheter. Using two-dimensional speckle tracking, coronary artery radial deformation was defined as the inward and outward displacement (mm) and velocity (cm/s) of the arterial wall during the cardiac cycle. These deformation values were obtained in native and third-generation drug-eluting stented artery segments.
RESULTS
A total of 20 coronary artery segments were independently analyzed pre and poststent implantation for a total of 40 IVUS runs. Stent implantation impacted the degree of radial deformation and velocity. Mean radial deformation in native coronary arteries was 0.1230 mm ± 0.0522 mm compared to 0.0775 mm ± 0.0376 mm in stented vessels (=0.0031). Mean radial velocity in native coronary arteries was 0.1194 cm/ ± 0.0535 cm/s compared to 0.0840 cm/ ± 0.0399 cm/s in stented vessels (=0.0228).
CONCLUSION
In this in vivo analysis of third-generation stents, stent implantation attenuates normal human coronary deformation during the cardiac cycle. The implications of these findings on stent failure and improved clinical outcomes require further investigation.
Topics: Coronary Angiography; Coronary Vessels; Humans; Radial Artery; Stents; Ultrasonography, Interventional
PubMed: 35401063
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5981027