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The Journal of Craniofacial SurgeryThis study was conducted to describe in detail the branching patterns of cortical branches from the middle cerebral artery supplying the feeding of the temporal region,...
This study was conducted to describe in detail the branching patterns of cortical branches from the middle cerebral artery supplying the feeding of the temporal region, to define the arterial structure of temporal artery (TA) and to determine the effect of this arterial supply to the temporal region. The arteries of brains (n = 22; 44 hemispheres) were prepared for dissection after filling them with colored latex. TA was defined, and its classification was described, specifying its relationship with other cortical branches. A new classification was defined related to TA terminology. TA was found in 95% of cadavers, and it originated as an early branch in 75% and from the inferior trunk in 24% of cadavers. TA was classified as Type 0: No TA, Type I: single branch providing two cortical branches, Type II: single branch providing three or more cortical branches and Type III: double TA. Type I-TA (45%) was the most common, and Type II-TA arterial diameter was significantly larger than that of other types. All cadavers showed the cortical branches of temporal region from middle cerebral artery, anterior TA , middle TA, posterior TA and temporooccipital artery, except temporopolar artery (81%). Temporopolar artery, anterior TA, and middle TA primarily originated from TA, an early branch, but posterior TA and temporooccipital artery primarily originated from the inferior trunk. Detailed knowledge about cortical branches together with TA and also this region's blood supply would enable increased prediction of complications, especially in cases with these region-related pathologies, and would make interventions safer.
Topics: Cadaver; Cerebral Arteries; Head; Humans; Middle Cerebral Artery; Temporal Arteries; Temporal Lobe
PubMed: 33710055
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000007612 -
Developmental Biology Mar 2018Arterial vasculature distributes blood from early embryonic development and provides a nutrient highway to maintain tissue viability. Atherosclerosis, peripheral artery... (Review)
Review
Arterial vasculature distributes blood from early embryonic development and provides a nutrient highway to maintain tissue viability. Atherosclerosis, peripheral artery diseases, stroke and aortic aneurysm represent the most frequent causes of death and are all directly related to abnormalities in the function of arteries. Vascular intervention techniques have been established for the treatment of all of these pathologies, yet arterial surgery can itself lead to biological changes in which uncontrolled arterial wall cell proliferation leads to restricted blood flow. In this review we describe the intricate cellular composition of arteries, demonstrating how a variety of distinct cell types in the vascular walls regulate the function of arteries. We provide an overview of the developmental origin of arteries and perivascular cells and focus on cellular dynamics in arterial repair. We summarize the current knowledge of the molecular signaling pathways that regulate vascular smooth muscle differentiation in the embryo and in arterial injury response. Our review aims to highlight the similarities as well as differences between cellular and molecular mechanisms that control arterial development and repair.
Topics: Animals; Arteries; Biomarkers; Cell Differentiation; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Germ Layers; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Mice; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Signal Transduction; Transcription Factors; Vasa Vasorum; Wound Healing
PubMed: 29397877
DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.01.018 -
Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : JCU Sep 2018This pictorial essay aims to generate attention and inform sonographers and clinicians by remembering the "longitudinal pulsatility" as an evocative B-mode echographic... (Review)
Review
This pictorial essay aims to generate attention and inform sonographers and clinicians by remembering the "longitudinal pulsatility" as an evocative B-mode echographic sign of arterial occlusion, when the artery exhibits a systolic axial motion instead of its normal radial pulsatility.
Topics: Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Arteries; Humans; Pulsatile Flow; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 30306598
DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22628 -
Folia Morphologica 2023The petrosal artery supplies several structures at the skull base and is often the focus of various neurointerventional procedures. Therefore, knowledge of its anatomy... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The petrosal artery supplies several structures at the skull base and is often the focus of various neurointerventional procedures. Therefore, knowledge of its anatomy and variations is important to surgeons and interventionalists.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty latex injected cadaveric heads (40 sides) underwent microsurgical dissection of the petrosal artery. Documentation of the course of the artery and its branches were made. Measurements of the petrosal artery's length and diameter were performed using microcallipers.
RESULTS
A petrosal artery was identified on all sides. The mean length and diameter of the artery within the middle cranial fossa was 2.4 cm and 0.38 mm, respectively. Branches included the following: dural, ganglionic, V3 branches, branches extending through the foramen ovale, branches directly to the greater petrosal and lesser petrosal nerves, branches to the floor of the hiatus of the greater and lesser petrosal nerves, branch to the arcuate eminence, and superior tympanic artery. No statistically significant differences were noted between male and female specimens, but right-sided petrosal arteries were in general, larger in diameter than left sides.
CONCLUSIONS
A thorough anatomical knowledge of the petrosal artery and to its relationship to the facial nerve and other neurovascular structures is necessary to facilitate effective endovascular treatment and to preclude facial nerve complications.
Topics: Meningeal Arteries; Skull Base; Humans; Cadaver; Facial Nerve; Endovascular Procedures
PubMed: 35692114
DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2022.0056 -
Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical... Mar 2016This article reviews in detail the superficial brachiomedian artery (arteria brachiomediana superficialis), a very rare variant of the main arterial trunks of the upper... (Review)
Review
This article reviews in detail the superficial brachiomedian artery (arteria brachiomediana superficialis), a very rare variant of the main arterial trunks of the upper limb. It branches either from the axillary artery or the brachial artery, descends superficially in the arm (similar to the course of the superficial brachial artery) and continues across the cubital fossa, runs superficially in the forearm, approaches the median nerve and enters the carpal canal to reach the hand. It usually terminates in the superficial palmar arch. The first drawing was published, in 1830, and the first description was published, in 1844. Altogether, to our knowledge, only 31 cases of a true, superficial brachiomedian artery have been reported (Some cases are incorrectly reported as superficial brachioradiomedian artery or superficial brachioulnomedian artery). Based on a meta-analysis of known, available studies, the incidence is 0.23% in Caucasians and 1.48% in Mongolians. Knowing whether or not this arterial variant is present is important in clinical medicine and relevant for: The catheterization via the radial or ulnar artery; harvesting the vascular pedicle for a forearm flap based on the radial, ulnar or superficial brachiomedian arteries; the possible collateral circulation in cases of the arterial closure; and the surgical management of carpal tunnel syndrome. Its presence can elevate the danger of an injury to the superficially located variant artery or of an accidental injection.
Topics: Axillary Artery; Brachial Artery; Humans
PubMed: 27131025
DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2016.801 -
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Mar 2021The sphenoidal artery is considered a component of the complex and dangerous arterial anastomoses of the human orbitocranial region, particularly with the advent of... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The sphenoidal artery is considered a component of the complex and dangerous arterial anastomoses of the human orbitocranial region, particularly with the advent of interventional neuroimaging. The objective of this publication was to analyze the various descriptions of the sphenoidal artery in the literature as related to relevant photographs of a dissected arterially injected fetal middle cranial fossa and orbit.
METHODS
Publications dealing with middle meningeal-ophthalmic arterial anastomoses, focusing on the sphenoidal artery, were reviewed. A relevant dissection of a fetal specimen was analyzed.
RESULTS
The literature dealing with the sphenoidal artery is at times not in agreement. The nomenclature and anatomy of its passage through the superior orbital fissure or Hyrtl canal have variable descriptions. Photographs of the skull base of a dissected arterially injected fetal specimen show bilateral prominent orbital branches of the middle meningeal arteries. These branches entered both orbits in a course similar to the diagrammatic representations of the sphenoidal artery, and give rise to several major intraorbital arteries. This study provides the only photographic image in the literature of this variation in a human fetal anatomic dissection.
CONCLUSIONS
Review of the literature dealing with the sphenoidal artery shows inconsistent nomenclature and conflicting descriptions of its anastomotic connections, and varying evolutionary and embryologic theories. Analysis of the dissected fetal skull base indicates that the sphenoidal artery is not a distinct artery but just a middle meningeal orbital arterial branch, an important component of the complex and dangerous arterial anastomoses of the human orbitocranial region.
Topics: Cranial Fossa, Middle; Dissection; Fetus; Humans; Meningeal Arteries; Ophthalmic Artery; Orbit; Sphenoid Bone
PubMed: 33481129
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-020-02663-9 -
Neurologia Medico-chirurgica Jun 2017The primitive carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses are primitive embryonic cerebral vessels that temporarily provide arterial supply from the internal carotid artery to... (Review)
Review
The primitive carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses are primitive embryonic cerebral vessels that temporarily provide arterial supply from the internal carotid artery to the longitudinal neural artery, the future vertebrobasilar artery in the hindbrain. Four types known are the trigeminal, otic, hypoglossal, and proatlantal intersegmental arteries. The arteries are accompanied by their corresponding nerves and resemble an intersegmental pattern. These vessels exist in the very early period of cerebral arterial development and rapidly involute within a week. Occasionally, persistence of the carotid to vertebrobasilar anastomosis is discovered in the adult period, and is considered as the vestige of the corresponding primitive embryonic vessel. The embryonic development and the segmental property of the primitive carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses are discussed. This is followed by a brief description of the persisting anastomoses in adults.
Topics: Basilar Artery; Carotid Arteries; Humans; Vertebral Artery
PubMed: 28458386
DOI: 10.2176/nmc.ra.2017-0050 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2021The aim was to determine the variations in the level of origin of carotid bifurcation and diameters of the common, internal, and external carotid arteries which is...
The aim was to determine the variations in the level of origin of carotid bifurcation and diameters of the common, internal, and external carotid arteries which is clinically important for several interventional procedures. Therefore, 165 human embalmed corpses were dissected. The data collected were analyzed using the Chi square-test and the Pearson correlation test. The results of previous studies have been reviewed. In relation to the level of the carotid bifurcation, taking as a reference point the hyoid bone, the values ranged from 4 cm below the hyoid body to 2.5 cm above the body of the hyoid, being the average height-0.33 cm, with a standard deviation of 1.19 cm. The right carotid bifurcation was established at a higher level (x = - 0.19 cm.) than the left one (x = - 0.48 cm.) (p = 0.046). On the contrary, no significant gender differences could be observed. The arterial calibres of the common and internal carotid arteries were higher in male than female. In the internal carotid artery (X = 0.76 cm.), the left was greater than the right (X = 0.72 cm.) (P = 0.047). However, no differences in the distribution of the calibre of the external carotid artery were found neither by side nor gender. Variations in the level of bifurcation and calibres of carotid arteries are relevant for interventional radiology procedures and head and neck surgeries. Knowledge of these anatomical references might help clinicians in the interpretation of the carotid system.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery, External; Carotid Artery, Internal; Female; Humans; Hyoid Bone; Male; Middle Aged; Neck; Tissue Donors
PubMed: 34226652
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93397-0 -
Angiology Apr 2021
Topics: Aorta; Arteries; Coronary Artery Disease; Heart Diseases; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
PubMed: 33143453
DOI: 10.1177/0003319720971096 -
Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience 2016Anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology are inextricably linked in patients with intracranial atherosclerosis. Knowledge of abnormal or pathological conditions such as... (Review)
Review
Anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology are inextricably linked in patients with intracranial atherosclerosis. Knowledge of abnormal or pathological conditions such as intracranial atherosclerosis stems from detailed recognition of the normal pattern of vascular anatomy. The vascular anatomy of the intracranial arteries, both at the level of the vessel wall and as a larger structure or conduit, is a reflection of physiology over time, from in utero stages through adult life. The unique characteristics of arteries at the base of the brain may help our understanding of atherosclerotic lesions that tend to afflict specific arterial segments. Although much of the knowledge regarding intracranial arteries originates from pathology and angiography series over several centuries, evolving noninvasive techniques have rapidly expanded our perspective. As each imaging modality provides a depiction that combines anatomy and flow physiology, it is important to interpret each image with a solid understanding of typical arterial anatomy and corresponding collateral routes. Compensatory collateral perfusion and downstream flow status have recently emerged as pivotal variables in the clinical management of patients with atherosclerosis. Ongoing studies that illustrate the anatomy and pathophysiology of these proximal arterial segments across modalities will help refine our knowledge of the interplay between vascular anatomy and cerebral blood flow. Future studies may help elucidate pivotal arterial factors far beyond the degree of stenosis, examining downstream influences on cerebral perfusion, artery-to-artery thromboembolic potential, amenability to endovascular therapies and stent conformation, and the propensity for restenosis due to biophysical factors.
Topics: Cerebral Arteries; Collateral Circulation; Humans
PubMed: 27960167
DOI: 10.1159/000448264