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Journal of Veterinary Research Jun 2021Dermatophytosis is a common skin disease in cats and dogs caused by and fungi. Species identification and knowledge of their antifungal susceptibility are...
INTRODUCTION
Dermatophytosis is a common skin disease in cats and dogs caused by and fungi. Species identification and knowledge of their antifungal susceptibility are therapeutically and epidemiologically important. This study assessed the prevalence of feline and canine dermatophytosis in Iran, identified the aetiological agents molecularly and tested their antifungal susceptibility.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 308 companion animals (134 dogs and 174 cats) with skin lesions were examined from March 2015 to March 2018. Hair and skin samples were examined by microscopy with 20% KOH and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar with cycloheximide and chloramphenicol. Fungal isolates were confirmed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) r-DNA region. The antifungal susceptibility of dermatophytes was tested by broth microdilution assay using standard drugs.
RESULTS
Dermatophytes were found in 130 (42.2%) samples, 62 of them feline and 68 canine. Based on sequencing of all strains, (78.5%, P<0.05), (10.7%), and (10.7%) were the dermatophytes isolated. The non-dermatophyte species was also isolated from two feline dermatomycosis cases. Dogs and cats younger than one year (61.5%) showed a statistically significantly higher prevalence of infection (P<0.05). Caspofungin produced the lowest geometric mean MIC at 0.0018 μg/mL, followed by ketoconazole, terbinafine, itraconazole, miconazole, griseofulvin, clotrimazole and fluconazole, in a 0.038-1.53 μg/mL range.
CONCLUSION
This is the first molecular study to identify the causes of pet dermatophytosis in north-western Iran. ITS-PCR was shown to be a useful and reliable method for the identification of closely related species of dermatophytes in clinical and epidemiological settings. The lowest MIC of caspofungin indicated that this drug was the most potent .
PubMed: 34250302
DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-0020 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023The ability of dermatophytes to develop biofilms is possibly involved in therapeutic failure because biofilms impair drug effectiveness in the infected tissues. Research...
The ability of dermatophytes to develop biofilms is possibly involved in therapeutic failure because biofilms impair drug effectiveness in the infected tissues. Research to find new drugs with antibiofilm activity against dermatophytes is crucial. In this way, riparins, a class of alkaloids that contain an amide group, are promising antifungal compounds. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal and antibiofilm activity of riparin III (RIP3) against , and strains. We used ciclopirox (CPX) as a positive control. The effects of RIP3 on fungal growth were evaluated by the microdilution technique. The quantification of the biofilm biomass in vitro was assessed by crystal violet, and the biofilm viability was assessed by quantifying the CFU number. The ex vivo model was performed on human nail fragments, which were evaluated by visualization under light microscopy and by quantifying the CFU number (viability). Finally, we evaluated whether RIP3 inhibits sulfite production in . RIP3 inhibited the growth of and from 128 mg/L and from 256 mg/L. The results showed that RIP3 is a fungicide. Regarding antibiofilm activity, RIP3 inhibited biofilm formation and viability in vitro and ex vivo. Moreover, RIP3 inhibited the secretion of sulfite significantly and was more potent than CPX. In conclusion, the results indicate that RIP3 is a promising antifungal agent against biofilms of dermatophytes and might inhibit sulfite secretion, one relevant virulence factor.
PubMed: 36836345
DOI: 10.3390/jof9020231 -
Veterinary Dermatology Dec 2022Dermatophytes are infectious zoonotic fungal agents that are common in animals worldwide. A new loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method and quantitative...
BACKGROUND
Dermatophytes are infectious zoonotic fungal agents that are common in animals worldwide. A new loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method and quantitative (q)PCR can be used for identifying these agents. Both methods have high specificity and sensitivity, and are simple and quick to use.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES
To develop a LAMP and a rapid multiplex qPCR method for detecting Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, which are the most common fungal species isolated from cats and dogs.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Both methods targeted the CHS-1 gene. Their specificity and sensitivity were tested using 64 M. canis and 44 T. mentagrophytes field strains. The validation of the methods was performed using 250 clinical fungal-positive hair samples.
RESULTS
The specificity value was 100% for both methods. For LAMP, the sensitivity value was 96.9% for M. canis and 93.2% for T. mentagrophytes. For qPCR, the sensitivity values were 98.4% for M. canis and 97.7% for T. mentagrophytes. Similar specificity and sensitivity results were obtained from the validation study using 250 clinical hair samples. LAMP and multiplex qPCR took 30 and 45 min (respectively) for both targets. The limit of detection (LOD) assays for both targets were 10 and 1 spore/mL for LAMP and multiplex qPCR, respectively.
CONCLUSION
These findings demonstrate that the LAMP and multiplex qPCR methods targeting CHS-1 gene developed in this study can be used both for point-of-care testing and in the laboratory for detecting M. canis and T. mentagrophytes with high specificity and sensitivity with an internal control.
Topics: Dogs; Cats; Animals; Arthrodermataceae; Trichophyton; Microsporum; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 36000592
DOI: 10.1111/vde.13111 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Previous studies have shown that natural polyacetylene alcohols, such as falcarindiol (FADOH), have good antifungal effects on plant fungi. While its effect on fungi...
Previous studies have shown that natural polyacetylene alcohols, such as falcarindiol (FADOH), have good antifungal effects on plant fungi. While its effect on fungi that infect humans remains to be explored. In our study, checkerboard microdilution, drop-plate assay, and time-growth method were employed to analyze the interactions between FADOH and itraconazole (ITC) against dermatophytes, including 12 (), 12 (), and 6 (). The results showed that the combination of FADOH and ITC exhibited synergistic and additive activity against 86.7% of all tested dermatophytes. FADOH had an excellent synergistic effect on ITC against and ; the synergistic rates were 66.7% and 58.3%, respectively. On the contrary, FADOH combined with ITC showed poor synergistic inhibitory activity (16.7%) against . Moreover, the additive rates of these two drugs against , , and were 25%, 41.7%, and 33.3%, respectively. No antagonistic interactions were observed. The drop-plate assay and time-growth curves confirmed that the combination of FADOH and ITC had a potent synergistic antifungal effect. The synergistic effect of FADOH and ITC against dermatophytes is reported here for the first time. Our findings suggest the potential use of FADOH as an effective antifungal drug in the combined therapy of dermatophytoses caused especially by and .
Topics: Humans; Itraconazole; Antifungal Agents; Arthrodermataceae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Trichophyton
PubMed: 37207188
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1128000 -
Medicinal Chemistry (Shariqah (United... 2016The antimicrobial activity of a synthesized series of 28 2-thioxobenzo[ g]quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives was evaluated in vitro against five Gram-positive bacteria,...
BACKGROUND
The antimicrobial activity of a synthesized series of 28 2-thioxobenzo[ g]quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives was evaluated in vitro against five Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes. The antibacterial activity was extended to include five Gramnegative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella oxytoca and Enterobacter cloacae. Furthermore, the antifungal activity was evaluated against 10 fungal strains, including Aspergillus fumigatus, Syncephalastrum racemosum, Geotricum candidum, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida tropicalis, Penicillium expansum, Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
METHODS
The agar well diffusion method was adopted against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, using ampicillin, gentamicin and amphotericin B as reference drugs, respectively.
RESULTS
The findings of the antibacterial studies revealed that most of the tested compounds possess strong activity against both bacterial species. Compounds 8 and 23 were the most active on Grampositive bacteria, while several compounds demonstrated significant antibacterial activity on Gramnegative bacteria, especially Escherichia coli. Furthermore, several compounds showed strong antifungal activity against many of the investigated fungi. The obtained results were reinforced by determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration for the active compounds against Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi, compared to the reference drugs.
CONCLUSION
Many of the investigated compounds showed potent activity against all tested microbial species. The discovery has provided a foundation for the synthesized compounds to serve as a platform for further design and development of more potent antimicrobial agents.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fungi; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Quinazolines; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 27306606
DOI: 10.2174/1573406412666160610095706 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Dec 2017
Topics: Biofilms; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microsporum; Mycelium; Tinea Capitis
PubMed: 28642143
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.06.006 -
Annals of Dermatology Apr 2020Tinea capitis is a cutaneous infection of dermatophytes and predominant in children. Although tinea capitis in Korea is controlled by oral antifungal medications and...
BACKGROUND
Tinea capitis is a cutaneous infection of dermatophytes and predominant in children. Although tinea capitis in Korea is controlled by oral antifungal medications and concerted public health initiatives, it's still a health issue.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate changes in the epidemiological and mycological characteristics of adult patients with tinea capitis in southeastern Korea.
METHODS
Using medical records from Kyungpook National University Hospital and Catholic Skin Clinic from 1989 to 2018, we retrospectively investigated the epidemiological and mycological characteristics of 266 adult patients (aged over 20) with tinea capitis.
RESULTS
Among total 266 patients, 239 were KOH-positive. The annual incidence of tinea capitis ranged from 3 to 18 between 1989 and 2018. Of the total, 54 (20.30%) were male and 212 (79.70%) were female. Eighty patients (30.08%) were in their seventies, the most commonly affected age group. Of the remaining, 58 (21.80%) were in their sixties, and 41 (15.41%) in eighties. Among all, 77 (28.95%) visited the hospital in summer, 72 (27.07%) in spring, 64 (24.06%) in winter, and 53 (19.92%) in fall. Dermatophytes were cultured from 171 patients. was the most common dermatophyte (42.48%), while was the second (15.79%). Of the 266 patients, 186 (69.92%) lived in urban areas and 80 (30.08%) in rural areas.
CONCLUSION
The epidemiological and mycological characteristics of adult patients with tinea capitis were different from those of children in terms of annual incidence, sex distribution, and isolated dermatophytes. These results provide useful information for the treatment and prevention of tinea capitis.
PubMed: 33911721
DOI: 10.5021/ad.2020.32.2.109 -
Biomedica : Revista Del Instituto... Aug 2023Introduction. Dermatophytoses are superficial fungal infections of the keratinized epithelium like tinea capitis. The latte mainly affects school-vulnerable populations....
Introduction. Dermatophytoses are superficial fungal infections of the keratinized epithelium like tinea capitis. The latte mainly affects school-vulnerable populations. Carpinelo is a peripheral neighborhood in Medellín with poor socioeconomic conditions and where a suspected tinea capitis outbreak took place. Objective. To study and characterize, clinically and microbiologically, patients with suspected dermatophytosis in Carpinelo. Material and methods. We carried out a descriptive and longitudinal study with an active case search of tinea capitis in children and their relatives from the Jardín Educativo Buen Comienzo community in Carpinelo. Patients were clinically evaluated, and samples of scales and hair were taken to perform mycological studies with a 10 % potassium hydroxide and culture in Sabouraud and Mycosel agar. We analyzed the data with the statistical program SPSS™. 25 version. Results. Fifty-seven individuals were studied: 47 were children with a mean age of six years and a ratio of 2:1 male to female. Patients with confirmed diagnosis presented the following clinical forms: tinea capitis (78.95%), tinea faciei (15.79%) or tinea corporis (10.52%). Out of the total, 69.76% of the patients had previous treatment with steroids. The direct test was positive in 53.84% of the samples, and 46.15% had positive cultures. The isolated species were: Microsporum canis (77.77%), Trichophyton spp. (11.11%), Trichophyton rubrum (5.55%), and Malassezia spp. (5.55 %). Conclusion. Tinea capitis was the most common clinical form, and M. canis was the most frequently isolated species. The use of steroids as the first and only option for empiric treatment was worth of notice. The findings of this study point out the importance of microbiological diagnosis in choosing the best treatment for the patients.
PubMed: 37721904
DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6900 -
The Veterinary Record Nov 2020Since the epidemiology of canine and feline dermatophytosis might evolve in response to chronological, sociological and ecological factors, the authors studied the...
BACKGROUND
Since the epidemiology of canine and feline dermatophytosis might evolve in response to chronological, sociological and ecological factors, the authors studied the occurrence of dermatophyte pathogens over 27 years subsequent to the last major UK survey.
METHODS
Dermatophyte culture submission records from dogs and cats to the Royal Veterinary College Diagnostic Laboratory in England between 1991 and 2017 were reviewed. Samples were routinely cultured aerobically at 26°C for up to four weeks on Sabouraud's dextrose agar containing cycloheximide and chloramphenicol; dermatophytes were identified using conventional phenotypic methods.
RESULTS
Proportional isolation from cats (15.9 per cent of 1389) exceeded that of dogs (8.1 per cent of 2193) (P<0.001). Together, and accounted for 91.9 per cent (n=203) and 80.2 per cent (n=142) of isolations from cats and dogs, respectively. was more frequently (P<0.001) isolated from cats and dogs under two years of age. Dermatophytes were more frequent (P≤0.001) in samples from first-opinion rather than referral practice, and from Jack Russell and Yorkshire terriers and from Persian and chinchilla cats (P≤0.002).
CONCLUSIONS
and remain the most common agents of canine and feline dermatophytosis in the South of England; continued clinical vigilance is required.
Topics: Animals; Arthrodermataceae; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dermatomycoses; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Microsporum; Pedigree; Seasons; Surveys and Questionnaires; United Kingdom
PubMed: 32958545
DOI: 10.1136/vr.105957 -
Natural Product Research Jun 2022We aimed to evaluate the chemical, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antifungal activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of native plants from Southern Brazil: (SCH) (PER) (EUG)...
Chemical, antioxidant and cytotoxic profile of hydroalcoholic extracts of plants from Southern Brazil and their activity against pathogenic fungi isolated from dogs and cats with sensitivity and resistance to conventional antifungals.
We aimed to evaluate the chemical, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antifungal activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of native plants from Southern Brazil: (SCH) (PER) (EUG) and (EQU). Ethyl gallate, quercetin, and quinic acid were prevalent compounds identified by LC-MS. For total phenolic/flavonoid contents and the antioxidant potential against ABTS/DPPH radicals, the ascending order was EQU < PER < EUG < SCH. All extracts were low cytotoxic and kept a high Vero cell viability (>75%) at concentrations up to 12.5 mg/mL (MTT assay). By M38-A2/M27-A3 (CLSI) against 68 clinical isolates of animals and strains of , , and , all extracts (MIC/MFC ≤3.13-100 mg/mL) were active, except EUG. SCH inhibited and killed (MIC/MFC 3.12-12.5 mg/mL) and dermatophytes (MIC/MFC 6.25-25 mg/mL) resistant to ketoconazole and itraconazole. These findings support the promising use of the selected plant extracts as antifungal agents.
Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Antioxidants; Brazil; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 34498965
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1956920