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Current Biology : CB May 2020Wang and Davis provide an overview of the parasite nematode Ascaris, including the history of its role in biological research.
Wang and Davis provide an overview of the parasite nematode Ascaris, including the history of its role in biological research.
Topics: Animals; Ascariasis; Ascaris; Female; Humans; Male; Reproduction
PubMed: 32428467
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.02.064 -
Trends in Parasitology Aug 2022
Topics: Animals; Soil; Species Specificity; Toxocara canis; Toxocariasis
PubMed: 35093289
DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.01.002 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Animals; Ascaris; Capsule Endoscopy
PubMed: 37539804
DOI: No ID Found -
Revue Medicale Suisse Apr 2019Allergic reactions to fish are potentially life-threatening. We detail here various reactions to fish, notably anaphylaxis and food protein induced enterocolitis...
Allergic reactions to fish are potentially life-threatening. We detail here various reactions to fish, notably anaphylaxis and food protein induced enterocolitis syndrome, as well as confounders such as reactions to the parasite Anisakis and scombroid poisoning. Most IgE-mediated reactions are directed to β-parvalbumin. This thermo-resistant protein is highly conserved between species of osseous fish, and accounts for allergic cross-reactivity. Cartilaginous fish such as rays express α-parvalbumin, and may constitute an alternative food source in subjects allergic to the beta-form. Diagnosis relies on a meticulous history, skin-prick testing preferably with fresh fish; search for specific IgE and food challenge. Once the diagnosis is established, prevention consists in avoiding all fish products susceptible to induce a reaction.
Topics: Allergens; Animals; Anisakis; Fishes; Food Hypersensitivity; Seafood
PubMed: 30942967
DOI: No ID Found -
Zeitschrift Fur Gastroenterologie Mar 2019Parasitäre Erkrankungen werden in Europa relativ selten diagnostiziert und behandelt. Somit sind auch klinische Besonderheiten und bildgebende Merkmale weniger bekannt....
Parasitäre Erkrankungen werden in Europa relativ selten diagnostiziert und behandelt. Somit sind auch klinische Besonderheiten und bildgebende Merkmale weniger bekannt. In den heutigen Zeiten von Migration und weltweiter Flüchtlingsströme ist die Kenntnis parasitärer Infektionen zunehmend von Bedeutung. Anhand von klinischen Beschreibungen der Echinokokkose, Schistosomiasis, Fasciolosis und Ascariasis wurden entsprechende Berichte in der Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie publiziert. In der hier präsentierten Veröffentlichung werden klinische Besonderheiten und Bildgebungsmerkmale der Toxocariasis diskutiert.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Toxocara; Toxocara canis; Toxocariasis
PubMed: 30861557
DOI: 10.1055/a-0821-7220 -
Genes Mar 2021Nematodes of the genus are important parasites of humans and swine, and the phylogenetically related genera (, and infect mammals of veterinary interest. Over the last... (Review)
Review
Nematodes of the genus are important parasites of humans and swine, and the phylogenetically related genera (, and infect mammals of veterinary interest. Over the last decade, considerable genomic resources have been established for , including complete germline and somatic genomes, comprehensive mRNA and small RNA transcriptomes, as well as genome-wide histone and chromatin data. These datasets provide a major resource for studies on the basic biology of these parasites and the host-parasite relationship. and its relatives undergo programmed DNA elimination, a highly regulated process where chromosomes are fragmented and portions of the genome are lost in embryonic cells destined to adopt a somatic fate, whereas the genome remains intact in germ cells. Unlike many model organisms, transcription drives early development beginning prior to pronuclear fusion. Studies on demonstrated a complex small RNA network even in the absence of a piRNA pathway. Comparative genomics of these ascarids has provided perspectives on nematode sex chromosome evolution, programmed DNA elimination, and host-parasite coevolution. The genomic resources enable comparison of proteins across diverse species, revealing many new potential drug targets that could be used to control these parasitic nematodes.
Topics: Animals; Ascariasis; Ascaris; Databases, Genetic; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Genome, Protozoan; Humans; Swine; Transcriptome
PubMed: 33800545
DOI: 10.3390/genes12040493 -
Advances in Parasitology 2020Toxocariasis is one of the most neglected worldwide zoonoses that is caused by larval nematode parasites of the genus Toxocara, Toxocara canis, and to a lesser extent,... (Review)
Review
Toxocariasis is one of the most neglected worldwide zoonoses that is caused by larval nematode parasites of the genus Toxocara, Toxocara canis, and to a lesser extent, Toxocara cati, whose migration mechanism is still largely unknown. Fortunately, some advanced tools have been employed, such as genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, to better understand the molecular biology and regulatory mechanisms of Toxocara. Using genomics and transcriptomics, we can identify a large number of genes that participate in the development of Toxocara and the interaction of parasites and their hosts and can predict the functions of unknown genes by comparing them with other relevant species. Using proteomics, we can identify somatic proteins and excretory and secretory (ES) proteins that perform specific biological functions in tissue degradation, pathogen invasion, immune evasion or modulation. These "omics" techniques also can contribute enormously to the development of new drugs, vaccines and diagnostic tools for toxocariasis. In a word, by utilizing "omics", we can better understand the Toxocara and toxocariasis. In this review, we summarized the representative achievements in Toxocara and the interaction between Toxocara spp. and their hosts based on expressed sequence tags (ESTs), microarray gene expression, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), hoping to better understand the molecular biology of Toxocara, and contribute to new progress in the application areas of new drugs, vaccines and diagnostic tool for toxocariasis in the future.
Topics: Animals; Genome, Helminth; Genomics; Proteomics; Toxocara; Toxocariasis; Transcriptome
PubMed: 32381233
DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.002 -
Parasitology Research Mar 2022The use of fertilizers based on sewage sludge is common practice. Due to the possible presence of pathogens and eggs of intestinal parasites like Ascaris sp., Toxocara...
The use of fertilizers based on sewage sludge is common practice. Due to the possible presence of pathogens and eggs of intestinal parasites like Ascaris sp., Toxocara sp., and Trichuris sp. in these products, it is necessary to control them. The aim of the study was to determine the presence of parasite eggs in commercial organic fertilizers available on the market. Selected commercial products were tested using the Quinn flotation method and a method dedicated to the study of dewatered sewage sludge. Assessment of the viability of helminth eggs was carried out on the basis of staining with calcein and propidium iodide. In 57% of the tested samples, the presence of live eggs of the abovementioned parasites was detected, and in 21% of samples, the eggs with live larvae were detected. Eggs of Trichuris sp. (50%) and Ascaris sp. (36%) were the most common. The obtained results clearly indicate that the process of hygienization of the sewage sludge before the production of fertilizers was not effective enough and it is necessary to standardize the prophylaxis against the spread of parasitic nematodes in commercially available products.
Topics: Animals; Ascaris; Fertilizers; Parasites; Sewage; Toxocara; Trichuris
PubMed: 35118511
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07451-5 -
Research in Veterinary Science Mar 2021This is a review on the current status of Ascaris and Toxocara as agents of disease as a foodborne pathogen that is often transmitted onto produce via contaminated... (Review)
Review
This is a review on the current status of Ascaris and Toxocara as agents of disease as a foodborne pathogen that is often transmitted onto produce via contaminated water. The paper introduces the parasites, their biology, disease caused, and mode of transmission. It summarizes recent research on methods for the detection of the parasites on crops, their prevalence in recent surveys of ready to eat plants in different parts of the world, and potential aspects of their means for remediation on vegetable crops. Also discussed is the ubiquitous nature of the presence of these eggs in the environment due to the many humans infected and means currently underway to control these parasites though improve water quality, sanitation, and hygiene.
Topics: Animals; Ascariasis; Ascaris; Food Parasitology; Humans; Toxocara; Toxocariasis; Water
PubMed: 33412474
DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.017 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Jun 2017Lagochilascariasis is a parasitic disease caused by a helminth of the order Ascaroidea, genus Lagochilascaris that comprises 6 species, among which only Lagochilascaris... (Review)
Review
Lagochilascariasis is a parasitic disease caused by a helminth of the order Ascaroidea, genus Lagochilascaris that comprises 6 species, among which only Lagochilascaris minor Leiper, 1909, is implicated in the human form of the disease. It is remarkable that the majority of cases of human lagochilascariasis in the Americas have been reported in Brazil. The natural definitive hosts of this parasite seem to be wild felines and canines. Lagochilascariasis is mostly a chronic human disease that can persist for several years, in which the parasite burrows into the subcutaneous tissues of the neck, paranasal sinuses, and mastoid. L. minor exhibits remarkable ability to migrate through the tissues of its hosts, destroying even bone tissue. Fatal cases have been described in which the parasite was found in the lungs or central nervous system. Treatment is often palliative, with recurrence of lesions. This paper summarizes the main features of the disease and its etiologic agent, including prevalence, life cycle, clinical course, and treatment.
Topics: Animals; Ascaridida Infections; Ascaridoidea; Humans; Rare Diseases
PubMed: 28640884
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005510