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Allergologie Select 2018Allergic skin and respiratory diseases range among the most frequent afflictions in industrialized countries. Due to this fact the importance of indoor mold pollution... (Review)
Review
Allergic skin and respiratory diseases range among the most frequent afflictions in industrialized countries. Due to this fact the importance of indoor mold pollution based on dampness is discussed. In a sentinel health study of the State Health Agency (LGA) children attending of 4th grade of a primary school were tested by an in-vitro allergy screening (UniCap 100/Phadia) for the mold allergens mx1 (Penicillium chrysogenum m1, Cladosporium herbarum m2, Aspergillus fumigatus m3 and Alternaria alternata m6). Primarily about 5% of the children were sensitized against molds which are associated with the ambient air. The investigations showed that most of the children were sensitized against Alternaria alternata and concerning the IgE-concentration (kU/l) Alternaria alternata had the highest concentration among the tested allergens. Commonly children with sensitization against molds were polysensitized. It is unclear if the allergy screening against mold mx1 includes molds with indication for indoor mold pollution such as Acremonium spp., Aspergillus penicillioides, Aspergillus restrictus, Aspergillus versicolor, Chaetomium spp., Phialophora spp., Stachybotrys chartarum, Tritirachium (Engyodontium) album und Trichoderma spp. by means of crossreaction. Therefore, such investigations do not admit any conclusion about health problems as a result of indoor mold pollution. At the present state of knowledge exposure measurements of indoor mold pollutions are not possible, at most a semiquantitative assessment. Although it is generally accepted that dwellings with moisture and mold represent a health risk, knowledge about indoor mold pollution and the related health problems is lacking.
PubMed: 31826039
DOI: 10.5414/ALX01296E -
Marine Drugs Dec 2020Fifteen polyketides, including four new compounds, isoversiol F (), decumbenone D (), palitantin B (), and 1,3-di--methyl-norsolorinic acid (), along with 11 known...
Fifteen polyketides, including four new compounds, isoversiol F (), decumbenone D (), palitantin B (), and 1,3-di--methyl-norsolorinic acid (), along with 11 known compounds (- and -), were isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus SH0105. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and ECD calculations, and it is the first time to determine the absolute configuration of known decumbenone A (). All of these compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against four human pathogenic microbes and five fouling bacterial strains. The results indicated that 3,7-dihydroxy-1,9-dimethyldibenzofuran () displayed obvious inhibitory activity against (ATCC 27154) with the MIC value of 13.7 μM. In addition, the antioxidant assays of the isolated compounds revealed that aspermutarubrol/violaceol-I () exhibited significant 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity with the IC value of 34.1 μM, and displayed strong reduction of Fe with the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value of 9.0 mM under the concentration of 3.1 μg/mL, which were more potent than ascorbic acid.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aspergillus; Free Radical Scavengers; Geologic Sediments; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Polyketides; Protein Conformation; Staphylococcus aureus; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 33322355
DOI: 10.3390/md18120636 -
Marine Drugs May 2023Two new quinazolinone diketopiperazine alkaloids, including versicomide E () and cottoquinazoline H (), together with ten known compounds (, , and -) were isolated and...
Two new quinazolinone diketopiperazine alkaloids, including versicomide E () and cottoquinazoline H (), together with ten known compounds (, , and -) were isolated and identified from AS-212, an endozoic fungus associated with the deep-sea coral cf. , which was collected from the Magellan Seamounts. Their chemical structures were determined by an extensive interpretation of the spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic data as well as specific rotation calculation, ECD calculation, and comparison of their ECD spectra. The absolute configurations of (-)-isoversicomide A () and cottoquinazoline A () were not assigned in the literature reports and were solved in the present work by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In the antibacterial assays, compound exhibited antibacterial activity against aquatic pathogenic bacteria with an MIC value of 18.6 μM, while compounds and exhibited inhibitory effects against and with MIC values ranging from 9.0 to 18.1 μM.
Topics: Animals; Diketopiperazines; Anthozoa; Molecular Structure; Fungi; Alkaloids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Sesquiterpenes
PubMed: 37233487
DOI: 10.3390/md21050293 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Sep 2022The present study was carried out to evaluate the antagonistic efficacy of Aspergillus versicolor against the soil and seed inhibiting destructive plant pathogen...
The present study was carried out to evaluate the antagonistic efficacy of Aspergillus versicolor against the soil and seed inhibiting destructive plant pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina. The tested antagonist was confirmed by rDNA sequencing of ITS and β-tubulin genes with respective accession numbers MN719083 and MN736397. In dual culture bioassays, A. versicolor showed potent antagonist activity and reduced the pathogen's growth by 60% over control. To understand the mechanism of antagonistic fungus, DNA of the pathogenic fungus was incubated in secondary metabolites produced by the A. versicolor for 24 and 48 h. After 48 h, metabolites of A. versicolor fully degraded the DNA of M. phaseolina. Moreover, for the identification of bioactive compounds, the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of A. versicolor culture filtrates were subjected to GC-MS analysis. A total of 10 compounds were identified in each of the two fractions. Among these, chondrillasterol (37.43%) followed by 1,2-benzedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester (25.93%), decane (16.63%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (13.32%), stigmasterol (11.16%), undecane (10.93%), cis-1-chloro-9-octadecene (8.66%), benzene, 1,3,5-trimethyl (8.46%), and hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester (8.13%) were the major compounds. Some of the identified compounds are known to possess strong antifungal, antibacterial, nematicidal, and antioxidant properties. The present study concludes that A. versicolor is an effective antagonist against M. phaseolina.
Topics: Ascomycota; Aspergillus; Esters; Plant Diseases
PubMed: 35831780
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00782-6 -
Marine Drugs Dec 2018A chemical-epigenetic method was used to enhance the chemodiversity of a marine algicolous fungus. Apart from thirteen known compounds, (+)-brevianamide R ((+)-),...
A chemical-epigenetic method was used to enhance the chemodiversity of a marine algicolous fungus. Apart from thirteen known compounds, (+)-brevianamide R ((+)-), (‒)-brevianamide R ((‒)-), (+)-brevianamide Q ((+)-), (‒)-brevianamide Q ((‒)-), brevianamide V ((+)-), brevianamide W ((‒)-), brevianamide K (), diorcinol B (), diorcinol C (), diorcinol E (), diorcinol J (), diorcinol (), 4-methoxycarbonyldiorcinol (), two new compounds, (+)- and (‒)-brevianamide X ((+)- and (‒)- )), as well as a new naturally occurring one, 3-[6-(2-methylpropyl)-2-oxo-1-pyrazin-3-yl]propanamide (), were isolated from chemical-epigenetic cultures of OUCMDZ-2738 with 10 µM vorinostat (SAHA). Compared to cultures in the same medium without SAHA, compounds ⁻, , , , and were solely observed under SAHA condition. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis, specific rotation analysis, ECD, and X-ray crystallographic analysis. (±)-, (±)-, and (±)- were further resolved into the corresponding optically pure enantiomers and their absolute configurations were determined for the first time. Compounds and showed selective antibacterial against with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 17.4 and 13.9 μM, respectively. Compound exhibited better α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than the assay control acarbose with IC values of 117.3 and 255.3 μM, respectively.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aspergillus; Biological Products; Biosynthetic Pathways; Chemical Engineering; Crystallography, X-Ray; Diketopiperazines; Enzyme Assays; Epigenesis, Genetic; Fermentation; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Methylation; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Phenyl Ethers; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Stereoisomerism; Ulva; Vorinostat; alpha-Glucosidases
PubMed: 30583513
DOI: 10.3390/md17010006 -
Microorganisms Apr 2023Endophytic fungi are a highly unpredictable group of microorganisms that can create a diverse range of secondary metabolites with biological activity. These metabolites...
Endophytic fungi are a highly unpredictable group of microorganisms that can create a diverse range of secondary metabolites with biological activity. These metabolites enhance the host's ability to tolerate stress caused by various factors, such as disease, insects, pathogens, and herbivores. The secondary metabolites produced by endophytic fungi may have potential applications in agriculture, pharmacy, and medicine. The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of secondary metabolites extracted from endophytic fungi. SB5 was one of the many endophytic fungi isolated from and identified genetically with accession number ON872302. Our study utilized fermentation and microbial cultivation techniques to obtain secondary metabolites. During the course of our investigation, we isolated a compound called Physcion (C1) from the endophytic fungus SB5. We subsequently identified that C1 possesses inhibitory activity against COX-2 and LOX-1, with IC50 values of 43.10 and 17.54 µg/mL, respectively, making it an effective anti-inflammatory agent. Moreover, we found that C1 also exhibited potent anticholinesterase activity (86.9 ± 1.21%). In addition to these promising therapeutic properties, our experiments demonstrated that C1 possesses strong antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by its ability to scavenge DPPH, ABTS, O2 radicals, and NO and inhibit lipid peroxidation. To further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying C1 pharmacological properties, we employed SwissADME web tools to predict the compound's ADME-related physicochemical properties and used Molecular Operating Environment and PyMOL for molecular docking studies.
PubMed: 37110485
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041062 -
Bioorganic Chemistry Dec 2022Excessive formation and function of osteoclasts cause various osteolytic bone diseases. Natural products are a potential source for the discovery of new therapeutic...
Excessive formation and function of osteoclasts cause various osteolytic bone diseases. Natural products are a potential source for the discovery of new therapeutic candidates to treat bone destruction diseases. In this study, chemical informatics and bioassay guided examination of the marine-derived Aspergillus versicolor F77 fungus chemically resulted in the isolation of seven cyclopeptides, of which versicotides G-J (1-4) are new cyclohexapeptides. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data in association with Marfey method and single crystal X-ray diffraction data for configurational assignments. Bioassay revealed that versicotide G (1, VG) is the most active among the analogs to suppress the receptor activator of nuclear factor-KB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow derived monocytes (BMMs) without affecting BMMs viability. VG also suppressed RANKL-induced actin-ring formation and resorbing function of osteoclast dose-dependently. Mechanistically, VG attenuated RANKL-induced intracellular calcium elevation by inhibiting PLCγ1 phosphorylation and blocking the activation of downstream phosphatase calcineurin. In addition, VG abrogated the expression and translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic-1 (NFATc1), leading to the downregulation of the expression of osteoclast-specific genes and the abolishment of the osteoclast formation. In the in vivo test, VG suppressed osteoclast formation and bone loss in Ti-induced calvarial osteolytic mouse model.These findings imply that VG is a promising candidate for the remedy of bone destruction-related diseases.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Cell Differentiation; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Osteoclasts; Osteogenesis; Osteolysis; RANK Ligand; Peptides, Cyclic
PubMed: 36087552
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106114 -
Fitoterapia Jul 2023Four new oxepine-containing pyrazinopyrimidine alkaloids, versicoxepines A - D (1-4), two quinolinone alkaloid analogs including...
Four new oxepine-containing pyrazinopyrimidine alkaloids, versicoxepines A - D (1-4), two quinolinone alkaloid analogs including 3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4-phenylquinolin-2(1H)-one (5) and 3-methoxy-6-hydroxy-4-phenylquinolin-2(1H)-one (6) which were new naturally occurring compounds, together with two known compounds (7 and 8) were isolated from Aspergillus versicolor AS-212, an endozoic fungus isolated from the deep-sea coral Hemicorallium cf. imperiale, which was collected from the Magellan Seamounts in the Western Pacific Ocean. Their structures were determined by extensive analysis of the spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic data as well as by chiral HPLC analysis, ECD calculation, and DP4+ probability prediction. Structurally, versicoxepines B and C (2 and 3) represent the first example of a new oxepine-containing pyrazinopyrimidine alkaloid whose cyclic dipeptide moiety is composed of the same type of amino acid (Val or Ile). Compound 5 displayed antibacterial activity against aquatic pathogens, Vibrio harveyi and V. alginolyticus, with MICs of 8 μg/mL.
Topics: Alkaloids; Aspergillus; Molecular Structure; Oxepins; Quinolones; Pacific Ocean; Crystallography, X-Ray; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Vibrio; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
PubMed: 37271296
DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105559 -
Natural Product Research May 2023Three new isochromenes, (5-methoxy-7-prenyl-1-isochromen-3-yl)methanol (), 3-(3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxy-1-isochromen-7-yl)propan-1-ol (), and...
Three new isochromenes, (5-methoxy-7-prenyl-1-isochromen-3-yl)methanol (), 3-(3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxy-1-isochromen-7-yl)propan-1-ol (), and (5-methoxy-7-methyl-1-isochromen-3-yl)methanol (), along with three known analogues (-) were isolated from the fermentation products of a -derived endophytic fungus . Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1 D and 2 D NMR techniques. Compounds - and were evaluated for their anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activities. The results showed that compound exhibited high anti-TMV activity with inhibition rate of 46.4%, and this rate is higher than that of positive control. Compounds , , and also showed potential anti-TMV activity with inhibition rates of 28.6, 30.5, and 26.2%, respectively. The IC of compounds - and were also tested, and showed IC values of 49.3, 22.4, 42.2, and 54.1 M, respectively.
Topics: Nicotiana; Tobacco Mosaic Virus; Methanol; Antiviral Agents; Molecular Structure; Aspergillus
PubMed: 35867012
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2103554 -
Natural Product Research Jul 2022Two new nucleoside derivatives, kipukasins M () and N (), along with one known analogue, kipukasin J (), were obtained from the marine-derived fungus , which was...
Two new nucleoside derivatives, kipukasins M () and N (), along with one known analogue, kipukasin J (), were obtained from the marine-derived fungus , which was isolated from the mud collected in the South China Sea. The structures of compounds and were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, mainly including 1D & 2D NMR and HRESIMS data, and the absolute configuration of was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Interestingly, intramolecular transesterification occurs in compounds and , which exist as a pair of inseparable regioisomers. All isolated compounds were tested for the cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities.
Topics: Aspergillus; Crystallography, X-Ray; Fungi; Molecular Structure; Nucleosides
PubMed: 33319589
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1858409