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Mycobiology 2021An endophytic fungus strain DYSJ3 was isolated from a stem of Blume, which was identified as based on the morphological characteristics, internal transcribed spacer...
An endophytic fungus strain DYSJ3 was isolated from a stem of Blume, which was identified as based on the morphological characteristics, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and calmodulin gene sequences analyses. DYSJ3 exhibited strong antagonistic activity against , and f. sp. with the inhibition rates of 61.9, 51.2 and 55.3% respectively. The antifungal metabolites mainly existed in the mycelium of DYSJ3, and its mycelial crude extract (CE) had broad-spectrum antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungi. The CE had a good thermal stability, and the inhibition rate of 100 µg/mL CE against was above 70.0% after disposing at 120 °C for 1 h. Five secondary metabolites were isolated from the CE and identified as averufanin, ergosterol peroxide, versicolorin B, averythrin and sterigmatocystin. Activity evaluation showed versicolorin B exhibited inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth and conidial germination of , and sterigmatocystin had a weak inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of .
PubMed: 36970635
DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2021.1976967 -
Fungal Biology Nov 2016Aspergillus section Versicolores includes species of clinical relevance and many others that have been poorly studied but are occasionally found in clinical samples. The...
Aspergillus section Versicolores includes species of clinical relevance and many others that have been poorly studied but are occasionally found in clinical samples. The aim of this study was to investigate, using a multilocus phylogenetic approach, the spectrum of species of the section Versicolores and to determine their in vitro antifungal susceptibility. The study was based on a set of 77 clinical isolates from different USA medical centres, which had been previously identified as belonging to this section. The genetic markers used were internal transcribed spacer (ITS), β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), and the drugs tested, following the CLSI guidelines, were amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin, terbinafine (TBF), and flucytosine (5FC). The most frequent species were Aspergillus sydowii (26 %), Aspergillus creber (22 %), and Aspergillus amoenus (18.2 %), followed by Aspergillus protuberus (13 %), Aspergillus jensenii (10.4 %), and Aspergillus tabacinus (5.2 %); while Aspergillus cvjetkovicii, Aspergillus fructus, Aspergillus puulaauensis, and Aspergillus versicolor were represented by only one isolate each (1.3 %). This is the first time that A. jensenii and A. puulaauensis have been reported from clinical samples. Considering the high number of isolates identified as belonging to this fungal group in this study, its clinical relevance should not be overlooked. Aspergillus versicolor, traditionally considered one of the most common species in this section in a clinical setting, was only rarely recovered in our study. The in vitro antifungal results showed that echinocandins and TBF were the most potent drugs, the azoles showed variable results, AMB was poorly active, and 5FC was the less active.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Aspergillosis; Aspergillus; Biodiversity; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phylogeny
PubMed: 27742099
DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.02.006 -
International Journal of Occupational... 2016The main objective was analysis and assessment of toxinogenic capabilities of fungi isolated from moldy surfaces in residential rooms in an urban agglomeration situated...
OBJECTIVES
The main objective was analysis and assessment of toxinogenic capabilities of fungi isolated from moldy surfaces in residential rooms in an urban agglomeration situated far from flooded areas in moderate climate zone.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The assessment of environmental exposure to mycotoxins was carried out in samples collected from moldy surfaces in form of scrapings and airborne dust from 22 moldy dwellings in winter season. In each sample 2 mycotoxins were analyzed: sterigmatocystin and roquefortine C produced by Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium chrysogenum, respectively. Mycotoxins were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in: scrapings from moldy surfaces, mixture of all species of fungi cultured from scrapings on microbiological medium (malt extract agar), pure cultures of Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium chrysogenum cultured from scrapings on microbiological medium; mycotoxins in the indoor air dust were also analyzed.
RESULTS
The production of sterigmatocystin by individual strains of Aspergillus versicolor cultured on medium was confirmed for 8 of 13 isolated strains ranging 2.1-235.9 μg/g and production of roquefortine C by Penicillium chrysogenum for 4 of 10 strains ranging 12.9-27.6 μg/g. In 11 of 13 samples of the mixture of fungi cultured from scrapings, in which Aspergillus versicolor was found, sterigmatocystin production was at the level of 3.1-1683.2 μg/g, whereas in 3 of 10 samples in which Penicillium chrysogenum occurred, the production of roquefortine C was 0.9-618.9 μg/g. The analysis did not show in any of the tested air dust and scrapings samples the presence of analyzed mycotoxins in the amount exceeding the determination limit.
CONCLUSIONS
The capability of synthesis of sterigmatocystin by Aspergillus versicolor and roquefortine C by Penicillium chrysogenum growing in mixtures of fungi from scrapings and pure cultures in laboratory conditions was confirmed. The absence of mycotoxins in scrapings and air dust samples indicates an insignificant inhalatory exposure to mycotoxins among inhabitants in moldy flats of urban agglomeration situated far from flooded territories. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016;29(5):823-836.
Topics: Air Microbiology; Air Pollution, Indoor; Aspergillus; Cities; Environmental Monitoring; Fungi; Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings; Housing; Indoles; Mycotoxins; Penicillium chrysogenum; Piperazines; Poland; Sterigmatocystin
PubMed: 27518891
DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00601 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020Epigenetic agents, histone deacetylase inhibitor (SAHA) and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (5-Aza), were added to Czapek-Dox medium to trigger the chemical diversity of...
Epigenetic agents, histone deacetylase inhibitor (SAHA) and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (5-Aza), were added to Czapek-Dox medium to trigger the chemical diversity of marinederived fungus XS-20090066. By HPLC and H NMR analysis, the diversity of fungal secondary metabolites was significantly increased compared with the control. With the aid of MS/MS-based molecular networking, two new nucleoside derivatives, kipukasins K () and L () were obtained. Meanwhile, the yields of four known nucleoside derivatives were significantly enhanced. In addition, one new bisabolane sesquiterpene, aspergillusene E (), along with ten known derivatives were also isolated. The structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic methods of NMR and HRESIMS analysis. Compounds and displayed antibacterial activities against and with the MIC values of 8-16 μg/mL. Our study revealed that the fungus XS-20090066 has been effectively induced by chemical epigenetic manipulation with a combination of SAHA and 5-Aza to produce new metabolites.
PubMed: 32082294
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00085 -
The Journal of Organic Chemistry Sep 2016The first total synthesis of psychrophilin E, a potent antiproliferative cyclic tripeptide isolated from Aspergillus versicolor ZLN-60, is reported herein. Key features...
The first total synthesis of psychrophilin E, a potent antiproliferative cyclic tripeptide isolated from Aspergillus versicolor ZLN-60, is reported herein. Key features of the synthesis include the installation of an amide bond between the indole-nitrogen of tryptophan and an anthranilic acid residue, and a high yielding macrolactamization of the linear tripeptide to the desired macrocycle.
Topics: Aspergillus; Indoles; Nitrogen; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Peptides, Cyclic; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tryptophan; ortho-Aminobenzoates
PubMed: 27442351
DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01369 -
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry May 2024, an endophytic fungus associated with the herbal medicine , produced four new polyketides, aspeversins A-D (1-2 and 5-6) and four known compounds, -methylaverufin (2),...
, an endophytic fungus associated with the herbal medicine , produced four new polyketides, aspeversins A-D (1-2 and 5-6) and four known compounds, -methylaverufin (2), aversin (3), varilactone A (7) and spirosorbicillinol A (8). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analysis, and their absolute configurations were determined by calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and Mo(AcO)-induced CD data. Compound 5 was found to exhibit α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC value of 25.57 μM. An enzyme kinetic study indicated that 5 was a typical uncompetitive inhibitor toward α-glucosidase, which was supported by a molecular docking study. Moreover, compounds 1-3 and 5 also improved the cell viability of PC12 cells on a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP)-induced Parkinson's disease model, indicating their neuroprotective potential as antiparkinsonian agents.
Topics: Aspergillus; Neuroprotective Agents; Polyketides; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; PC12 Cells; Animals; Rats; alpha-Glucosidases; Molecular Docking Simulation; Cell Survival; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 38716654
DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00316k -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Mar 2017Filamentous fungi are among the most important pathogens, causing fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS). Current laboratory diagnosis of FRS pathogens mainly relies on phenotypic...
PURPOSE
Filamentous fungi are among the most important pathogens, causing fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS). Current laboratory diagnosis of FRS pathogens mainly relies on phenotypic identification by culture and microscopic examination, which is time consuming and expertise dependent. Although matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS has been employed to identify various fungi, its efficacy in the identification of FRS fungi is less clear.
METHODOLOGY
A total of 153 FRS isolates obtained from patients were analysed at the Clinical Laboratory at the Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to the Capital Medical University, between January 2014 and December 2015. They were identified by traditional phenotypic methods and Bruker MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker, Biotyper version 3.1), respectively. Discrepancies between the two methods were further validated by sequencing.
RESULTS
Among the 153 isolates, 151 had correct species identification using MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker, Biot 3.1, score ≥2.0 or 2.3). MALDI-TOF MS enabled identification of some very closely related species that were indistinguishable by conventional phenotypic methods, including 1/10 Aspergillus versicolor, 3/20 Aspergillus flavus, 2/30 Aspergillus fumigatus and 1/20 Aspergillus terreus, which were misidentified by conventional phenotypic methods as Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus japonicus and Aspergillus nidulans, respectively. In addition, 2/2 Rhizopus oryzae and 1/1 Rhizopus stolonifer that were identified only to the genus level by the phenotypic method were correctly identified by MALDI-TOF MS.
CONCLUSION
MALDI-TOF MS is a rapid and accurate technique, and could replace the conventional phenotypic method for routine identification of FRS fungi in clinical microbiology laboratories.
Topics: Aspergillus; Fungi; Humans; Rhinitis; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sinusitis; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 28100314
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000435 -
Journal of Food Science Nov 2023Contaminated fungi on dried salted fish of three species including Talang queenfish (TQF, Scomberroides commersonianus), Hamilton's thryssa fish (HTF, Thryssa...
Contaminated fungi on dried salted fish of three species including Talang queenfish (TQF, Scomberroides commersonianus), Hamilton's thryssa fish (HTF, Thryssa hamiltonii), and Cobia fish (CF, Rachycentron canadum) were isolated and identified. One hundred and sixty-nine isolates were obtained from TQF and HTF, respectively, while no fungi were detected in CF. The dominant genera were Aspergillus spp. (n = 79), Penicillium spp. (n = 60), and non-sporulating fungi (n = 30). The representative groups of Aspergillus spp. (n = 6) and Penicillium spp. (n = 3) based on different morphological characteristics were selected for species identification by molecular methods involving ITS1-5.8s-ITS2 region and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of Flight Mass Spectrometer (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. The nine isolates were identified to be Aspergillus versicolor (n = 2), Aspergillus montevidensis (n = 3), Penicillium citrinum (n = 3), and Aspergillus sp. (n = 1). The antifungal activity of chitooligosaccharide-gallic acid (COS-GAL) conjugate against A. versicolor F1/10M9, A. montevidensis F1/30M20, and P. citrinum F1/23M14 was examined. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values were in the range of 0.625-2.5 mg/mL and 1.25-10 mg/mL, respectively. COS-GAL conjugate at the concentration of 5 mg/mL completely inhibited the spore germination of A. versicolor F1/10M9 and P. citrinum F1/23M14 after 72 h of treatment. COS-GAL conjugate at 4 × MIC mainly affected the mycelium of A. versicolor F1/10M9 and P. citrinum F1/23M14 after treatment with COS-GAL conjugate for 3 days by coating mycelium surface and reducing the size of mycelium. Therefore, COS-GAL conjugate could be used as a food additive to inhibit or prevent the growth of fungi contaminated in dried salted fish or other relevant products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: During processing, dried salted fish can be contaminated with fungi, which may cause food poisoning and food spoilage. The contaminated fungi are capable of producing mycotoxin that is harmful to consumers. Synthetic food preservatives have long been used to inhibit fungal growth, but the side effects to consumers are of concern. Chitooligosaccharide is a nontoxic chitosan derivative produced from shrimp shell and its conjugate namely chitooligosaccharide-gallic acid conjugate showed high efficacy in inhibiting the growth of fungi including Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. Therefore, it can serve as a natural alternative preservative for the prevention of fungal growth in dried salted fish.
Topics: Animals; Fungi; Antifungal Agents; Chitosan; Penicillium; Fishes
PubMed: 37799068
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16749 -
Journal of Natural Products Jul 2020Five new drimane-type sesquiterpenoids, named proversilins A-E (-), were isolated from the endophytic fungus F210 isolated from the bulbs of . Their structures and...
Five new drimane-type sesquiterpenoids, named proversilins A-E (-), were isolated from the endophytic fungus F210 isolated from the bulbs of . Their structures and absolute configurations were characterized by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS data, comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism data, and X-ray crystallography. Proversilins B-E (-) represent the first examples of natural products featuring an -acetyl-β-phenylalanine moiety. Compounds and inhibited the growth of HL-60 cells with IC values of 7.3 and 9.9 μM, respectively.
Topics: Aspergillus; Crystallography, X-Ray; HL-60 Cells; Humans; Molecular Structure; Sesquiterpenes; Spectrum Analysis
PubMed: 32628478
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00298 -
The Science of the Total Environment Mar 2016Intact spores and submicrometer size fragments are released from moldy building materials during growth and sporulation. It is unclear whether all fragments originate...
Intact spores and submicrometer size fragments are released from moldy building materials during growth and sporulation. It is unclear whether all fragments originate from fungal growth or if small pieces of building materials are also aerosolized as a result of microbial decomposition. In addition, particles may be formed through nucleation from secondary metabolites of fungi, such as microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs). In this study, we used the elemental composition of particles to characterize the origin of submicrometer fragments released from materials contaminated by fungi. Particles from three fungal species (Aspergillus versicolor, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Penicillium brevicompactum), grown on agar, wood and gypsum board were aerosolized using the Fungal Spore Source Strength Tester (FSSST) at three air velocities (5, 16 and 27 m/s). Released spores (optical size, dp ≥ 0.8 μm) and fragments (dp ≤ 0.8 μm) were counted using direct-reading optical aerosol instruments. Particles were also collected on filters, and their morphology and elemental composition analyzed using scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) coupled with an Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Among the studied factors, air velocity resulted in the most consistent trends in the release of fungal particles. Total concentrations of both fragments and spores increased with an increase in air velocity for all species whereas fragment-spore (F/S) ratios decreased. EDX analysis showed common elements, such as C, O, Mg and Ca, for blank material samples and fungal growth. However, N and P were exclusive to the fungal growth, and therefore were used to differentiate biological fragments from non-biological ones. Our results indicated that majority of fragments contained N and P. Because we observed increased release of fragments with increased air velocities, nucleation of MVOCs was likely not a relevant process in the formation of fungal fragments. Based on elemental composition, most fragments originated from fungi, but also fragments from growth material were detected.
Topics: Air Microbiology; Air Pollution, Indoor; Construction Materials; Environmental Monitoring; Fungi; Spores, Fungal
PubMed: 26789361
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.095