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Dermatologic Therapy Jan 2018Acne vulgaris is a chronic disease of the pilosebaceous units presenting as inflammatory or noninflammatory lesions in individuals of all ages. The current standard of... (Review)
Review
Acne vulgaris is a chronic disease of the pilosebaceous units presenting as inflammatory or noninflammatory lesions in individuals of all ages. The current standard of treatment includes topical formulations in the forms of washes, gels, lotions, and creams such as antibiotics, antibacterial agents, retinoids, and comedolytics. Additionally, systemic treatments are available for more severe or resistant forms of acne. Nevertheless, these treatments have shown to induce a wide array of adverse effects, including dryness, peeling, erythema, and even fetal defects and embolic events. Zinc is a promising alternative to other acne treatments owing to its low cost, efficacy, and lack of systemic side effects. In this literature review, we evaluate the effectiveness and side-effect profiles of various formulations of zinc used to treat acne.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Dermatologic Agents; Drug Combinations; Female; Gluconates; Humans; Male; Skin; Treatment Outcome; Zinc Acetate; Zinc Oxide; Zinc Sulfate
PubMed: 29193602
DOI: 10.1111/dth.12576 -
Dermatologic Clinics Jan 2019Cosmeceuticals are cosmetics that promise to deliver physiologically relevant benefits without the incorporation of prescription drugs. To entice consumers to purchase... (Review)
Review
Cosmeceuticals are cosmetics that promise to deliver physiologically relevant benefits without the incorporation of prescription drugs. To entice consumers to purchase these premium priced products, a story must be told of how the cosmeceutical delivers on these appearance improvement promises. The backbone of any cosmeceutical skin care regimen is facial cleansing and moisturizing. This article reviews the novel ingredients and technologies used to achieve these benefits examining what is real and what is not.
Topics: Astringents; Cosmeceuticals; Humans; Peptides; Skin; Skin Cream; Skin Lightening Preparations; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Soaps; Vitamins
PubMed: 30466682
DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2018.07.001 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2021Persimmon ( L.f.) crop has markedly increased in Spain, and "Rojo Brillante" persimmon is the main cultivated variety. This astringent cultivar requires de-astringency...
Persimmon ( L.f.) crop has markedly increased in Spain, and "Rojo Brillante" persimmon is the main cultivated variety. This astringent cultivar requires de-astringency treatment before commercialization, which may involve an extra cost. Its short commercial season implies handling large volumes of fruits with consequent postharvest losses. Therefore, the development of derived added-value products is of much interest. In this study, astringent and non-astringent "Rojo Brillante" persimmons were dehydrated by following a natural drying method used in Asia. The drying kinetics and physico-chemical properties were analyzed for 81 days. The results indicated subsequent reductions in weight, water content, and water activity throughout the drying process, and the equatorial diameter decreased. All the employed thin-layer mathematical models were suitable for representing the drying characteristics of both products with similar behavior. The effective water diffusivity values were 5.07 × 10 m s and 6.07 × 10 m s for astringent and non-astringent persimmon samples, respectively. The drying treatment significantly decreased the soluble tannins content, and the astringent samples obtained similar values to those obtained for the non-astringent samples in 20 days. The external and internal flesh of the astringent fruit remained orange through the drying period, while brown coloration in the non-astringent fruit was observed after 57 drying days. Therefore, prior de-astringency treatment would not be necessary.
PubMed: 33803816
DOI: 10.3390/foods10030647 -
Environmental Sustainability (Singapore) May 2023The cashew apple is a tropical pseudo fruit, with high fiber content, high nutritional value, and therapeutic compositional profile. Consuming cashew apples can help... (Review)
Review
The cashew apple is a tropical pseudo fruit, with high fiber content, high nutritional value, and therapeutic compositional profile. Consuming cashew apples can help with several health-related problems, such as obesity, stomach ulcers, and gastritis. It has even demonstrated anti-tumor and anti-carcinogenic effects, and its antioxidants can help with wound-healing. Despite such benefits, the cashew apple is frequently considered as waste generated by cashew nut industries, since its commercial applications are restricted by the astringency and poor storability. This astringency is primarily due to the presence of tannins; and a lack of proper, efficient, and economical astringency reduction strategy is accountable for major waste generation. This review compiles pieces of information on the causes of astringency, as well as tannin reduction methods, such as clarification, thermal treatments, microfiltration, and fermentation. These methods aim to either just reduce tannin content or to valorize this by-product in a less-astringent better product. Both routes will eventually help with the better utilization of said organic food waste, which is critical for sustainable development.
PubMed: 37363088
DOI: 10.1007/s42398-023-00276-7 -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Mar 2022Red wines are characterized by their astringency, a very important sensory attribute that affects the perceived quality of wines. Three mechanisms have been proposed to... (Review)
Review
Red wines are characterized by their astringency, a very important sensory attribute that affects the perceived quality of wines. Three mechanisms have been proposed to explain astringency, and two theories describe how these mechanisms work in an integrated manner to produce tactile sensations such as drying, roughening, shrinking and puckering. The factors involved include not only tannins and salivary proteins, but also anthocyanins, grape polysaccharides and mannoproteins, as well as other wine matrix components that modulate their interactions. These multifactorial interactions could be responsible for different sensory responses and therefore need to be further studied. This review presents the latest advances in astringency perception and its possible origins, with special attention on the interactions of components, their impact on oral perception and the development of astringency sub-qualities. Future research efforts should concentrate on understanding the mechanisms involved as well as on the limiting factors related to the conformation and stability of the tannin-salivary protein complexes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Anthocyanins; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Tannins; Wine
PubMed: 34796497
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11672 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Jul 2022Green tea is popularly known for its pleasant flavor and health-care functions. Bitterness and astringency are the two important quality attributes of green tea that... (Review)
Review
Green tea is popularly known for its pleasant flavor and health-care functions. Bitterness and astringency are the two important quality attributes of green tea that enrich tea flavor. Although many research works have focused on the flavor formation of green tea, the review articles about bitterness and astringency is limited. This review article summarizes the major components of bitter and astringent substances in green tea, their sensory perception mechanism, factors influencing the formation of these substances, and the evaluation methods of bitterness and astringency. This review will shed light on the subsequent studies in tea flavor, and provide deeper insight for the research of bitterness and astringency in other foods.
Topics: Astringents; Humans; Perception; Sensation; Taste; Tea
PubMed: 35761574
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111262 -
Current Problems in Dermatology 2016Primary focal hyperhidrosis is a disease of unknown cause with profuse perspiration of local sites (head, face, palms, soles of feet, and axillae) that adversely affects... (Review)
Review
Primary focal hyperhidrosis is a disease of unknown cause with profuse perspiration of local sites (head, face, palms, soles of feet, and axillae) that adversely affects daily life. Guidelines have been proposed in the USA [
1 ], Canada [2 ], and Japan [3 ]. The symptoms impair quality of life, with significant negative effects on daily existence and personal relationships. The current goal in medical practice for patients with hyperhidrosis is to provide guidance and encourage coping skills for a normal daily life, as well as give appropriate advice regarding treatment options. On occasion, in order to improve quality of life, it is necessary to recommend surgical therapy when conservative treatment fails; this requires an understanding of the mechanisms of available treatments and their effects. This paper reviews theories of primary focal hyperhidrosis with regard to pathology, epidemiology, and treatment.Topics: Aluminum Chloride; Aluminum Compounds; Astringents; Axilla; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Chlorides; Humans; Hyperhidrosis; Injections, Intradermal; Iontophoresis; Neuromuscular Agents; Occlusive Dressings; Scalp; Sympathectomy
PubMed: 27584967
DOI: 10.1159/000446786 -
Frontiers in Genetics 2021Phenotypic characterization of postharvest traits is essential for the breeding of high-quality fruits. To compare postharvest traits of different genetic lines, it is...
Phenotypic characterization of postharvest traits is essential for the breeding of high-quality fruits. To compare postharvest traits of different genetic lines, it is essential to use a reference point during fruit development that will be common to all the lines. In this study, we employed a non-destructive parameter of chlorophyll levels to establish a similar physiological age and compared several postharvest traits of ten astringent and seven non-astringent persimmon cultivars. The fruit's traits examined were astringency, weight, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), chlorophyll levels (I ), color (hue), firmness, color development and firmness loss during storage, crack development, and susceptibility to infection. Although the chlorophyll (I ) index and color (hue) showed a high correlation among mature fruits of all cultivars, the chlorophyll parameter could detect higher variability in each cultivar, suggesting that I is a more rigorous parameter for detecting the developmental stage. The average weight, TSS, and TA were similar between astringent and non-astringent cultivars. Cracks appeared only on a few cultivars at harvest. Resistance to infection and firmness were lower in astringent than in non-astringent cultivars. Only the astringent cultivar "32" was resistant to infection possibly due to the existence of an efficient peel barrier. It was concluded that a high correlation existed between astringency, susceptibility to infection, and firmness. Cracks did not correlate with astringency or firmness. The phenotypic traits evaluated in this work can be used in future breeding programs for elite persimmon fruits.
PubMed: 34163526
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.670929 -
Journal of the Irish Dental Association Dec 2015
Topics: Astringents; Gingiva; Gingival Retraction Techniques; Hemostatics; Humans; Time Factors; Tooth Preparation; Vasoconstrictor Agents
PubMed: 26902073
DOI: No ID Found -
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of... Mar 2023The roles of plants and its products in all forms of life cannot be overemphasized. The medicinal products from plant are phytochemicals, drugs, food supplements, beauty... (Review)
Review
The roles of plants and its products in all forms of life cannot be overemphasized. The medicinal products from plant are phytochemicals, drugs, food supplements, beauty products, etc. In ethnomedicine, leaves, fruits, stem, bark, root and fluids from plants are used in the cure, management and prevention of several diseases. Cupressus sempervirens, sometimes called Italian or Mediterranean cypress, is found in subtropical Asia, North America and eastern Mediterranean region. Pharmacological investigations of Cupressus sempervirens showed biological properties such as aromatherapeutic, antiseptic, astringent, balsamic or anti-inflammatory, astringent, antiperspirant, diuretic and antispasmodic. Chemical analysis of Cupressus sempervirens gives phytochemicals like monoterpenes, diterpenes, flavonoid glycosides and bioflavonoids. The current review highlights interactions, conventional uses and biological actions of Cupressus sempervirens plant and plant products.
Topics: Cupressus; Astringents; Diterpenes; Monoterpenes; Fruit; Flavonoids
PubMed: 36385684
DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02326-z