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Respiratory Medicine Apr 2023Children hospitalized for bronchiolitis have increased risk of asthma and low lung function persisting into adulthood, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly...
BACKGROUND
Children hospitalized for bronchiolitis have increased risk of asthma and low lung function persisting into adulthood, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Body mass index (BMI) and adipokines are associated with respiratory morbidity. We aimed to investigate if associations between BMI and adipokines and the outcomes asthma, atopy, and lung function differed between young adults previously hospitalized for bronchiolitis and control subjects.
METHODS
This sub study of a historical cohort enrolled 185 young adults previously hospitalized for bronchiolitis and 146 matched control subjects. Exposures (BMI and the adipokines: adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and ghrelin) and outcomes (asthma, atopy, and lung function) were measured cross-sectionally at 17-20 years of age. Associations were tested in regression models, and differences between the post-bronchiolitis- and control group were tested by including interaction terms.
RESULTS
BMI was associated with asthma and lung function, but we did not find that the associations differed between the post-bronchiolitis- and control group. We also found some associations between adipokines and outcomes, but only associations between adiponectin and forced vital capacity (FVC) and between resistin and current asthma differed between the groups (p-value interaction term 0.027 and 0.040 respectively). Adiponectin tended to be positively associated with FVC in the post-bronchiolitis group, with an opposite tendency in the control group. Resistin was positively associated with current asthma only in the control group.
CONCLUSION
The increased prevalence of asthma and impaired lung function observed in young adults previously hospitalized for bronchiolitis do not seem to be related to growth and fat metabolism.
Topics: Humans; Young Adult; Adipokines; Adiponectin; Asthma; Body Mass Index; Bronchiolitis; Leptin; Lung; Resistin; Respiratory Function Tests
PubMed: 36754217
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107149 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2019The prevalence of allergic disorders has been increasing worldwide and significantly impacts the quality of life of the atopic individual. There has been an increased... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of allergic disorders has been increasing worldwide and significantly impacts the quality of life of the atopic individual. There has been an increased interest in the role of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of allergic disorders, given the recent evidence that atopy risk may be associated with a dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. Research in this area is ongoing with some studies showing possible benefits of probiotics, with seemingly little to no risk. While these studies suggest that there may be a promise in probiotic use for the prevention or treatment of allergy, further evidence is needed to determine its efficacy, optimal dosing, and strains needed for treatment. In this review, we discuss recently published studies examining the benefits, risks, and role of probiotics in preventing atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergy.
PubMed: 30764558
DOI: 10.3390/children6020024 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Apr 2021The relationship between allergic and eosinophilic inflammation, either systemic or local, in allergic diseases remains unclear.
BACKGROUND
The relationship between allergic and eosinophilic inflammation, either systemic or local, in allergic diseases remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE
We performed combined genome-wide association study (GWAS) and epigenome-wide (EWAS) for atopy and tissue eosinophilia to identify both genetic and epigenetic signatures between systemic and local allergic inflammation, and to capture global patterns of gene regulation.
METHODS
We included 126 subjects for atopy analysis and 147 for tissue eosinophilia analysis, as well as 18 normal nasal tissue samples. We identified differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and genes associated with atopy and tissue eosinophilia. Furthermore, we performed mendelian randomization analysis and penalized regression along with replication in an independent cohort.
RESULTS
EWAS identified genes, including Musashi RNA binding protein 2 (MSI2), associated with atopy, which contained enriched DMPs that genetically affect atopy. A direct association was observed between MSI2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and atopy, as was a causal effect of changes in MSI2 expression and methylation on atopy, which was replicated in a Costa Rican population. Regarding tissue eosinophilia, EWAS identified genes with enriched DMPs directly contributing to tissue eosinophilia at the gene level, including CAMK1D. The gene ontology terms of the identified genes for both phenotypes encompassed immune-related terms.
CONCLUSION
EWAS combined with GWAS identified novel candidate genes, especially the methylation of MSI2, contributing to systemic allergic inflammation. Certain genes displayed a greater association with either systemic or local allergic inflammation; however, it is expected that a harmonized effect of these genes influences immune responses.
Topics: Adult; DNA Methylation; Eosinophilia; Epigenesis, Genetic; Epigenome; Female; Gene Ontology; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Inflammation; Male; Middle Aged; Nasal Mucosa; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; RNA-Binding Proteins
PubMed: 32795589
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.06.040 -
Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma & Leukemia Apr 2021A recent serologic study and reports of increased serum total IgE (IgE-t) and eosinophil counts have suggested that the prevalence of atopy is more common in patients...
INTRODUCTION
A recent serologic study and reports of increased serum total IgE (IgE-t) and eosinophil counts have suggested that the prevalence of atopy is more common in patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) than previously recognized.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients with clinicopathologic features that were diagnostic and/or consistent with MF and/or the presence or absence of an atopic disorder (eg, allergic rhinitis, asthma, eczematous dermatitis), which was determined by patient history, eosinophil counts, and serum IgE-t obtained at evaluation, were selected from a patient registry. The MF population was divided into those with atypical and typical clinical presentations. We performed matching of controls using age, sex, and race from the 2005 to 2006 National Health Education Survey.
RESULTS
A history of allergic rhinitis was recorded for 186 of 728 patients (25.5%) with typical MF and 71 of 229 patients (31%) with atypical MF. However, the prevalence of asthma and eczema was low. The IgE-t and eosinophil counts were higher for patients with typical MF than for controls and for patients with atopic diathesis than for patients without atopy. The IgE-t and eosinophil counts were higher for the patients with advanced-stage MF compared with those for the patients with less-advanced disease for both atopic and nonatopic cohorts. In the Cox model with age and clinical stage as covariates, a history of atopy, increased IgE-t, and blood eosinophilia (> 500 cells/mm3) did not correlate with overall survival.
CONCLUSION
The findings from the present study did not reveal a significant association of atopy in patients with MF. However, atopy is a factor in the increased IgE-t and eosinophil counts observed in MF. Another factor is related to the disease stage, including possibly the influence of cytokines secreted by T-helper type 2-polarized neoplastic cells.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asthma; Dermatitis, Atopic; Eosinophils; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Mycosis Fungoides; Neoplasm Staging; Prevalence; Registries; Retrospective Studies; Rhinitis, Allergic; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Skin Neoplasms; Survival Rate
PubMed: 33342729
DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2020.11.007 -
Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North... Nov 2023Mastocytosis is characterized by expansion and activation of clonally aberrant mast cells (MCs) in one or more organ systems. Inappropriate MC activation is a key... (Review)
Review
Mastocytosis is characterized by expansion and activation of clonally aberrant mast cells (MCs) in one or more organ systems. Inappropriate MC activation is a key finding in both allergy and mastocytosis; therefore, symptoms in both conditions show some degree of overlap. When mediator release is excessive and involves multiple systems, anaphylaxis may occur. In mastocytosis, the prevalence of atopy is similar to those of the general population, whereas the incidence of anaphylaxis is significantly higher. The purpose of this review is to discuss features of allergy and anaphylaxis as well as the principles of managing MC mediator release symptoms in mastocytosis.
Topics: Humans; Anaphylaxis; Mastocytosis; Mast Cells; Prevalence; Tryptases
PubMed: 37758406
DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2023.04.010 -
The European Respiratory Journal May 2019Early allergic sensitisation (atopy) is the first step in the development of allergic diseases such as atopic asthma later in life. Genes and pathways associated with...
Early allergic sensitisation (atopy) is the first step in the development of allergic diseases such as atopic asthma later in life. Genes and pathways associated with atopy and atopic asthma in children and adolescents have not been well characterised.A transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) of atopy and atopic asthma in white blood cells (WBCs) or whole blood was conducted in a cohort of 460 Puerto Ricans aged 9-20 years (EVA-PR study) and in a cohort of 250 Swedish adolescents (BAMSE study). Pathway enrichment and network analyses were conducted to further assess top findings, and classification models of atopy and atopic asthma were built using expression levels for the top differentially expressed genes (DEGs).In a meta-analysis of the study cohorts, both previously implicated genes ( and ) and genes not previously reported in TWASs (novel) were significantly associated with atopy and/or atopic asthma. Top novel genes for atopy included (p=8.07×10), (p=7.07×10) and (p=1.48×10). Expression quantitative trait locus analyses identified multiple asthma-relevant genotype-expression pairs, such as rs2255888/ Pathway enrichment analysis uncovered 16 significantly enriched pathways at adjusted p<0.01, including those relevant to T-helper cell type 1 (Th1) and Th2 immune responses. Classification models built using the top DEGs and a few demographic/parental history variables accurately differentiated subjects with atopic asthma from nonatopic control subjects (area under the curve 0.84).We have identified genes and pathways for atopy and atopic asthma in children and adolescents, using transcriptome-wide data from WBCs and whole blood samples.
Topics: Adolescent; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase; Asthma; Case-Control Studies; Child; Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin E; Lectins; Leukocytes; Logistic Models; Male; Puerto Rico; Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase; Transcriptome; Young Adult
PubMed: 30923181
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00102-2019 -
Allergologia Et Immunopathologia 2021Atopic dermatitis is a highly prevalent chronic disorder. Therapeutic education in diseases of this kind is essential in order to improve patient management and...
INTRODUCTION
Atopic dermatitis is a highly prevalent chronic disorder. Therapeutic education in diseases of this kind is essential in order to improve patient management and prognosis. A study was conducted regarding parent satisfaction following educational sessions in an Atopy School organized by a multidisciplinary team.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
E-mail surveys with variables scored by means of a Likert scale were administered among the parents participating in the workshops organized by the Atopy School. The educational program comprised four sessions with a duration of 4 hours.
RESULTS
Ninety-five percent of the parents were satisfied after participating in the workshops, and were of the opinion that the therapeutic education received was useful for improving control of the illness of their children. Likewise, 85% were satisfied or very satisfied with the help received in the sessions for control of the disease during flare-ups, and 90% considered the data and advice received in the sessions to be of use in improving quality of life of both the children and the family as a whole.
CONCLUSIONS
The Atopy School afforded caregiver empowerment, and the parents were satisfied and felt more secure in dealing with the disease of their children-thereby improving the prognosis and quality of life.
Topics: Caregivers; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Atopic; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Parents; Patient Education as Topic; Prognosis; Program Evaluation; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 33641287
DOI: 10.15586/aei.v49i2.47 -
Acta Otorrinolaringologica Espanola 2022Measurement of the exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO) has been proposed as an indirect and non-invasive method to detect eosinophilic airway inflammation. Allergic...
INTRODUCTION
Measurement of the exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO) has been proposed as an indirect and non-invasive method to detect eosinophilic airway inflammation. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is frequently associated with high levels of FeNO. Allergic sensitization can contribute to the recruitment of eosinophils in the airway and the consequent increase in FeNO.
OBJECTIVE
To correlate FeNO values with inflammatory and atopic sensitization biomarkers in patients with AR.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Observational, analytical, cross-sectional study. Children and adolescents with AR without asthma were included. FeNO, blood eosinophil count, total serum IgE were determined and skin tests with aeroallergens were performed by calculating the scores for PPC1 (number of positive allergens), STS2 (sum of millimeters of positive papules) and the atopy index (ratio between STS2/STS1). Spearman's correlation test was used between FeNO and variables of inflammation and atopy.
RESULTS
Twenty-eight patients between 6 and 17 years old were included. There was a significant positive correlation between FeNO and blood eosinophils (r=.38; p=.047) and between FeNO and the atopy index (r=.40; p=.03). No correlation was found between FeNO and total serum IgE (r=.24; p=.21), STS1 (r=.20; p=.32) and STS2 (r=.34; p=.08).
CONCLUSION
In children and adolescents with AR, FeNO was correlated with the atopy index and the blood eosinophil count. These last biomarkers could be used as alternatives for FeNO as biomarkers of lower airway inflammation in patients with AR.
Topics: Adolescent; Biomarkers; Breath Tests; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Inflammation; Nitric Oxide; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 36113919
DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2021.06.005 -
Revista Alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco,... 2020In recent years, a new phenotype of rhinitis has been described; it is characterized by the local production of specific IgE. There isn't any evidence of systemic atopy... (Review)
Review
In recent years, a new phenotype of rhinitis has been described; it is characterized by the local production of specific IgE. There isn't any evidence of systemic atopy and it has been called local allergic rhinitis. Understanding the involved physiopathological mechanisms and the behavior of this phenotype translates into the development of strategies and treatments that improve the quality of life of patients with this disease. Below, we present an updated review of the available information regarding this disease and also of the aspects that are yet unresolved.
Topics: Humans; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 32447867
DOI: 10.29262/ram.v67i1.522 -
Pediatric Dermatology Nov 2020Netherton syndrome (NS) is an orphan disease characterized by congenital ichthyosis, hair abnormalities, and atopy, with limited treatment options. We achieved temporary...
Netherton syndrome (NS) is an orphan disease characterized by congenital ichthyosis, hair abnormalities, and atopy, with limited treatment options. We achieved temporary improvement only during the initial 6 weeks of treatment with dupilumab, which differs from the sustained improvement observed in 2 other recently published cases. Although the clinical presentation of atopy and increased pre-allergic cytokines in NS patients suggest that dupilumab may be beneficial, larger studies are required.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Hair Diseases; Humans; Ichthyosiform Erythroderma, Congenital; Netherton Syndrome
PubMed: 32951242
DOI: 10.1111/pde.14362