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Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology :... Jun 2019
Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrioventricular Node; Heart Conduction System; Humans; Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry
PubMed: 30609068
DOI: 10.1111/pace.13594 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Feb 2023Tomsits, P., Schuttler, D., Kaab, S., Clauss, S., Voigt, N. Isolation of high quality murine atrial and ventricular myocytes for simultaneous measurements of Ca2+...
Tomsits, P., Schuttler, D., Kaab, S., Clauss, S., Voigt, N. Isolation of high quality murine atrial and ventricular myocytes for simultaneous measurements of Ca2+ transients and L-Type calcium current. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (165), 10.3791/61964 (2020). Seibertz, F., Reynolds, M., Voigt, N. Single-Cell optical action potential measurement in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (166), 10.3791/61890 (2020). Xia, R. et al. Isolation and culture of resident cardiac macrophages from the murine sinoatrial and atrioventricular node. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (171), 10.3791/62236 (2021). Xia, R. et al. Whole-Mount immunofluorescence staining, confocal imaging and 3D reconstruction of the sinoatrial and atrioventricular node in the mouse. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (166), 10.3791/62058 (2020). Kumar, P., Si, M., Paulhus, K., Glasscock, E. Microelectrode array recording of sinoatrial node firing rate to identify intrinsic cardiac pacemaking defects in mice. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (173), 10.3791/62735 (2021). Scherschel, K. et al. Location, dissection, and analysis of the murine stellate ganglion. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (166), 10.3791/62026 (2020). Shimura, D., Hunter, J., Katsumata, M., Shaw, R. M. Removal of an internal translational start site from mRNA while retaining expression of the full-length protein. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (181), 10.3791/63405 (2022). Rotzer, R. D. et al. Implantation of combined telemetric ECG and blood pressure transmitters to determine spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity in conscious mice. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (168), 10.3791/62101 (2021). Tomsits, P. et al. Analyzing long-term electrocardiography recordings to detect arrhythmias in mice. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (171), 10.3791/62386 (2021). Grab, M. et al. Development and evaluation of 3D-printed cardiovascular phantoms for interventional planning and training. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (167), 10.3791/62063 (2021).
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Dissection; Atrioventricular Node; Baroreflex
PubMed: 37602862
DOI: 10.3791/64932 -
Europace : European Pacing,... Dec 2020
Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Atrioventricular Node; Bundle of His; Catheter Ablation; Heart Failure; Humans; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33370797
DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa260 -
Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics Sep 2017The atrioventricular junction is a pivotal component of the cardiac conduction system, a key electrical relay site between the atria and the ventricles. The... (Review)
Review
The atrioventricular junction is a pivotal component of the cardiac conduction system, a key electrical relay site between the atria and the ventricles. The sophisticated functions carried out by the atrioventricular junction are possible for the presence of a complex apparatus made of specialized anatomic structures, cells with specific ion-channel expression, a well-organized spatial distribution of intercellular junctions (connexins), cells with intrinsic automatism, and a rich autonomic innervation. This article reviews the main anatomic and electrophysiologic features of the atrioventricular junction, with a focus on cardiac preexcitation.
Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Atrioventricular Node; Electrocardiography; Heart Conduction System; Humans
PubMed: 28838548
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2017.05.003 -
Europace : European Pacing,... Mar 2016Dual atrioventricular nodal non-re-entrant tachycardia (DAVNNT), also known as 'double fire', has recently received more attention since it was demonstrated to mimic... (Review)
Review
Dual atrioventricular nodal non-re-entrant tachycardia (DAVNNT), also known as 'double fire', has recently received more attention since it was demonstrated to mimic more common arrhythmias such as atrial premature beats, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia. This is important, since mistaken differential diagnoses and the resulting therapeutic decisions have severe consequences for affected patients. DAVNNT is characterized by conduction characteristics of the atrioventricular (AV) node that leads to a double antegrade conduction of one sinoatrial nodal activity via the slow and fast AV nodal pathways. As a result, the most significant hint from an electrocardiogram (ECG) is a P wave followed by two narrow QRS complexes. Although DAVNNT is rather a rare arrhythmia, it now appears to be more common than previously thought. To date, 68 cases including 3 small single-centre observational studies accumulated over the last 5 years have demonstrated the feasibility and safety of radiofrequency catheter ablation for DAVNNT. Catheter ablation treats this arrhythmia effectively by modifying or eliminating slow pathway function. Here, we review the current state of DAVNNT knowledge systematically and address current challenges presented by this 'ECG chameleon from the AV node'.
Topics: Action Potentials; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrioventricular Node; Catheter Ablation; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrocardiography; Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry; Young Adult
PubMed: 25888570
DOI: 10.1093/europace/euv056 -
Journal of Interventional Cardiac... Aug 2018In delaying transmission of the cardiac impulse from the atria to the ventricles, the atrioventricular (AV) node serves a critical function in augmenting ventricular... (Review)
Review
In delaying transmission of the cardiac impulse from the atria to the ventricles, the atrioventricular (AV) node serves a critical function in augmenting ventricular filling during diastole and limiting the ventricular response during atrial tachyarrhythmias. The complex structure of the nodal region, however, also provides the substrate for reentrant rhythms. Recent discoveries have elucidated the cellular basis and anatomical determinants of slow conduction in the node. Based on analysis of gap junction proteins, distinct structural components of the AV node have been defined, including the compact node, right and left inferior nodal extensions, the lower nodal bundle, and transitional tissue. Emerging evidence supports the role of the inferior nodal extensions in mediating slow pathway conduction. The most common form of reentry involving the node, slow-fast AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), utilizes the inferior nodal extensions for anterograde slow pathway conduction; the structures responsible for retrograde fast pathway activation in the superior septum are less well defined and likely heterogeneous. Atypical forms of AVNRT arise from circuits that activate at least one of the inferior extensions in the retrograde direction.
Topics: Atrioventricular Node; Bundle of His; Catheter Ablation; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Conduction System; Humans; Incidence; Male; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry
PubMed: 29909540
DOI: 10.1007/s10840-018-0392-5 -
Anatolian Journal of Cardiology Nov 2017
Topics: Atrioventricular Node; Vagus Nerve
PubMed: 29145228
DOI: No ID Found -
Progress in Biophysics and Molecular... Nov 2021The funny current, I, was first recorded in the heart 40 or more years ago by Dario DiFrancesco and others. Since then, we have learnt that I plays an important role in... (Review)
Review
The funny current, I, was first recorded in the heart 40 or more years ago by Dario DiFrancesco and others. Since then, we have learnt that I plays an important role in pacemaking in the sinus node, the innate pacemaker of the heart, and more recently evidence has accumulated to show that I may play an important role in action potential conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node. Evidence has also accumulated to show that regulation of the transcription and translation of the underlying Hcn genes plays an important role in the regulation of sinus node pacemaking and AV node conduction under normal physiological conditions - in athletes, during the circadian rhythm, in pregnancy, and during postnatal development - as well as pathological states - ageing, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, diabetes and atrial fibrillation. There may be yet more pathological conditions involving changes in the expression of the Hcn genes. Here, we review the role of I and the underlying HCN channels in physiological and pathological changes of the sinus and AV nodes and we begin to explore the signalling pathways (microRNAs, transcription factors, GIRK4, the autonomic nervous system and inflammation) involved in this regulation. This review is dedicated to Dario DiFrancesco on his retirement.
Topics: Action Potentials; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrioventricular Node; Heart Rate; Humans; Sinoatrial Node
PubMed: 34197836
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.06.008 -
Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology :... Jul 2019The atrioventricular (AV) node generates half of the AV delay needed for blood pumping and filters atrial impulses that could otherwise induce life-threatening... (Review)
Review
The atrioventricular (AV) node generates half of the AV delay needed for blood pumping and filters atrial impulses that could otherwise induce life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. It is also a pacemaker and a key target in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. The special roles of the AV node primarily arise from its slow conduction, long refractory period, and cellular automaticity. However, efforts to establish the dynamics of these properties and their interaction led to many controversies. In fact, the AV node's behavior is so complex that it seems to escape broadly applicable rules. This review summarizes progresses made in resolving these issues and in integrating the multiple roles of the AV node within a common functional model. Presented evidence shows that the rate-dependent conduction and refractory properties of the AV node can be reliably characterized and reconciled from nodal responses to S S S protocols. It also supports the concept that dual pathways constitute a feature of the normal AV node and account for its overall conduction and refractory properties. In this model, the posterior extension and compact node provide the core of the slow and fast pathway, respectively. The transitional tissues and lower nodal bundle provide a common proximal and distal pathway, respectively. These pathways would also support bidirectional conduction. The dual pathway involvement can also be extended to widely variable AV nodal responses, such as Wenckebach cycles, hysteresis, and ventricular response to atrial fibrillation. In brief, the intricate AV nodal behavior may obey a limited set of accessible and definable rules.
Topics: Atrioventricular Node; Heart Conduction System; Humans
PubMed: 31144331
DOI: 10.1111/pace.13734 -
Heart Failure Clinics Apr 2016Atrioventricular junction (AVJ) ablation is an effective therapy in patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation who are intolerant to or unsuccessfully managed with... (Review)
Review
Atrioventricular junction (AVJ) ablation is an effective therapy in patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation who are intolerant to or unsuccessfully managed with rhythm control or medical rate control strategies. A drawback is that the procedure mandates a pacing system. Overall, the safety and efficacy of AVJ ablation is high with a majority of the patients reporting significant improvement in symptoms and quality-of-life measures. Risk of sudden cardiac death after device implantation is low, especially with an appropriate postprocedure pacing rate. Mortality benefit with AVJ ablation has been shown in patients with heart failure and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices.
Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Atrioventricular Node; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy; Catheter Ablation; Heart; Humans
PubMed: 26968669
DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2015.08.020