-
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023An organoid is a 3D organization of cells that can recapitulate some of the structure and function of native tissue. Recent work has seen organoids gain prominence as a... (Review)
Review
An organoid is a 3D organization of cells that can recapitulate some of the structure and function of native tissue. Recent work has seen organoids gain prominence as a valuable model for studying tissue development, drug discovery, and potential clinical applications. The requirements for the successful culture of organoids in vitro differ significantly from those of traditional monolayer cell cultures. The generation and maturation of high-fidelity organoids entails developing and optimizing environmental conditions to provide the optimal cues for growth and 3D maturation, such as oxygenation, mechanical and fluidic activation, nutrition gradients, etc. To this end, we discuss the four main categories of bioreactors used for organoid culture: stirred bioreactors (SBR), microfluidic bioreactors (MFB), rotating wall vessels (RWV), and electrically stimulating (ES) bioreactors. We aim to lay out the state-of-the-art of both commercial and in-house developed bioreactor systems, their benefits to the culture of organoids derived from various cells and tissues, and the limitations of bioreactor technology, including sterilization, accessibility, and suitability and ease of use for long-term culture. Finally, we discuss future directions for improvements to existing bioreactor technology and how they may be used to enhance organoid culture for specific applications.
Topics: Cell Culture Techniques; Organoids; Bioreactors
PubMed: 37511186
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411427 -
Water Environment Research : a Research... Oct 2018This review, for literature published in 2017, contains information related to membrane processes for municipal and industrial applications. This review is a subsection... (Review)
Review
This review, for literature published in 2017, contains information related to membrane processes for municipal and industrial applications. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following topics: membrane bioreactor (MBR) configuration, design, nutrient removal, operation, industrial treatment, anaerobic membrane systems, reuse, microconstituents removal, membrane technology advances, membrane fouling, and modeling. Other sub-sections of the Treatment Systems section that might relate to this literature review include: Biological Fixed-Film Systems, Activated Sludge and Other Aerobic Suspended Culture Processes, Anaerobic Processes, and Water Reclamation and Reuse. The following sections might also have related information on membrane processes: Industrial Wastes, Hazardous Wastes, and Fate and Effects of Pollutants.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Bioreactors; Membranes, Artificial; Sewage; Waste Disposal, Fluid
PubMed: 30126490
DOI: 10.2175/106143018X15289915807272 -
Water Environment Research : a Research... Oct 2018The review includes scientific literatures published in the year of 2017 regarding the uses of biofilm and bioreactor to treat wastewater. Topics considered are: biofilm... (Review)
Review
The review includes scientific literatures published in the year of 2017 regarding the uses of biofilm and bioreactor to treat wastewater. Topics considered are: biofilm formation and factors that impact biofilm formation; extracellular polymeric substance from biofilms; biofilm consortia and quorum sensing; biofilm associated phage; biofilm reactors; and biofilm in bioelectrochemical systems.
Topics: Biofilms; Bioreactors; Electrochemistry; Quorum Sensing; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Wastewater
PubMed: 30126470
DOI: 10.2175/106143018X15289915807074 -
Advances in Biochemical... 2016: This chapter addresses the update progress in bioprocess engineering. In addition to an overview of the theory of multi-scale analysis for fermentation process,... (Review)
Review
: This chapter addresses the update progress in bioprocess engineering. In addition to an overview of the theory of multi-scale analysis for fermentation process, examples of scale-up practice combining microbial physiological parameters with bioreactor fluid dynamics are also described. Furthermore, the methodology for process optimization and bioreactor scale-up by integrating fluid dynamics with biokinetics is highlighted. In addition to a short review of the heterogeneous environment in large-scale bioreactor and its effect, a scale-down strategy for investigating this issue is addressed. Mathematical models and simulation methodology for integrating flow field in the reactor and microbial kinetics response are described. Finally, a comprehensive discussion on the advantages and challenges of the model-driven scale-up method is given at the end of this chapter.
Topics: Bioreactors; Kinetics; Models, Biological
PubMed: 25636486
DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_293 -
Journal of Biotechnology Sep 2022The temporary immersion systems (TISs) have been widely used in plant biotechnology. TISs have different advantages from the point of micropropagation and production of... (Review)
Review
The temporary immersion systems (TISs) have been widely used in plant biotechnology. TISs have different advantages from the point of micropropagation and production of secondary metabolites over other continuous liquid-phase bioreactors. The current work presents the structure, operation mode, configuration type, and micropropagation or secondary metabolite production in TISs. This review deals with the advantages and disadvantages of TISs and the factors affecting their performance. Future research could focus on new designs based on CFD simulation, facilitating sterilization, and combining TISs with other bioreactors (e.g., mist bioreactors) to make a hybrid bioreactor.
Topics: Bioreactors; Biotechnology; Immersion
PubMed: 35973641
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.08.003 -
Critical Reviews in Biotechnology Feb 2018This review provides an overview and a critical discussion of novel possibilities of applying soft sensors for on-line monitoring and control of industrial bioprocesses.... (Review)
Review
This review provides an overview and a critical discussion of novel possibilities of applying soft sensors for on-line monitoring and control of industrial bioprocesses. Focus is on bio-product formation in the upstream process but also the integration with other parts of the process is addressed. The term soft sensor is used for the combination of analytical hardware data (from sensors, analytical devices, instruments and actuators) with mathematical models that create new real-time information about the process. In particular, the review assesses these possibilities from an industrial perspective, including sensor performance, information value and production economy. The capabilities of existing analytical on-line techniques are scrutinized in view of their usefulness in soft sensor setups and in relation to typical needs in bioprocessing in general. The review concludes with specific recommendations for further development of soft sensors for the monitoring and control of upstream bioprocessing.
Topics: Bioreactors; Biosensing Techniques; Biotechnology; Models, Theoretical
PubMed: 28423945
DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1312271 -
Biotechnology Advances 2021Gradients in industrial bioreactors have attracted substantial research attention since exposure to fluctuating environmental conditions has been shown to lead to... (Review)
Review
Gradients in industrial bioreactors have attracted substantial research attention since exposure to fluctuating environmental conditions has been shown to lead to changes in the metabolome, transcriptome as well as population heterogeneity in industrially relevant microorganisms. Such changes have also been found to impact key process parameters like the yield on substrate and the productivity. Hence, understanding gradients is important from both the academic and industrial perspectives. In this review the causes of gradients are outlined, along with their impact on microbial physiology. Quantifying the impact of gradients requires a detailed understanding of both fluid flow inside industrial equipment and microbial physiology. This review critically examines approaches used to investigate gradients including large-scale experimental work, computational methods and scale-down approaches. Avenues for future work have been highlighted, particularly the need for further coordinated development of both in silico and experimental tools which can be used to further the current understanding of gradients in industrial equipment.
Topics: Bioreactors; Computer Simulation; Fermentation
PubMed: 33221379
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107660 -
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering Aug 2022To reach an efficient and economical gas-phase bioreactor is still one of the most critical challenges in biotechnology engineering. The numerous advantages of gas-phase... (Review)
Review
To reach an efficient and economical gas-phase bioreactor is still one of the most critical challenges in biotechnology engineering. The numerous advantages of gas-phase bioreactors (GPBs) as well as disadvantages of these bioreactors should be exactly recognized, and efforts should be made to eliminate these defects. The first step in upgrading these bioreactors is to identify their types and the results of previous research. In the present work, a summary of the studies carried out in the field of cultivation in these bioreactors, their classification, their components, their principles and relations governing elements, modeling them, and some of their inherent engineering aspects are presented. Literature review showed that inoculation of shoots, roots, adventurous roots, callus, nodal explants, anther, nodal segment, somatic embryo, hairy roots, and fungus is reported in 15, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 1, 1, 37, and 5 cases, respectively.
Topics: Bioreactors; Biotechnology; Nutrients; Plant Roots
PubMed: 35562481
DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02728-6 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2016Equipment and device qualification and test assay validation in the field of tissue engineered human organs for substance assessment remain formidable tasks with only a... (Review)
Review
Equipment and device qualification and test assay validation in the field of tissue engineered human organs for substance assessment remain formidable tasks with only a few successful examples so far. The hurdles seem to increase with the growing complexity of the biological systems, emulated by the respective models. Controlled single tissue or organ culture in bioreactors improves the organ-specific functions and maintains their phenotypic stability for longer periods of time. The reproducibility attained with bioreactor operations is, per se, an advantage for the validation of safety assessment. Regulatory agencies have gradually altered the validation concept from exhaustive "product" to rigorous and detailed process characterization, valuing reproducibility as a standard for validation. "Human-on-a-chip" technologies applying micro-physiological systems to the in vitro combination of miniaturized human organ equivalents into functional human micro-organisms are nowadays thought to be the most elaborate solution created to date. They target the replacement of the current most complex models-laboratory animals. Therefore, we provide here a road map towards the validation of such "human-on-a-chip" models and qualification of their respective bioreactor and microchip equipment along a path currently used for the respective animal models.
Topics: Bioreactors; Chemical Safety; Humans; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Validation Studies as Topic
PubMed: 27671728
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33826-2_12 -
Journal of Biomechanical Engineering Sep 2022Bioreactors are commonly used to apply biophysically relevant stimulations to tissue-engineered constructs in order to explore how these stimuli influence tissue...
Bioreactors are commonly used to apply biophysically relevant stimulations to tissue-engineered constructs in order to explore how these stimuli influence tissue development, healing, and homeostasis, and they offer great flexibility because key features of the stimuli (e.g., duty cycle, frequency, amplitude, and duration) can be controlled to elicit a desired cellular response. However, most bioreactors that apply mechanical and electrical stimulations do so to a scaffold after the construct has developed, preventing study of the influence these stimuli have on early construct development. To enable such exploration, there is a need for a bioreactor that allows the direct application of mechanical and electrical stimulation to constructs as they develop. Herein, we develop and calibrate a bioreactor, based on our previously established modified Flexcell system, to deliver precise mechanical and electrical stimulation, either independently or in combination, to developing scaffold-free tissue constructs. Linear calibration curves were established, then used to apply precise dynamic mechanical and electrical stimulations, over a range of physiologically relevant strains (0.50%, 0.70%, 0.75%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) and voltages (1.5 and 3.5 V), respectively. Following calibration, applied mechanical and electrical stimulations were not statistically different from their desired target values and were consistent whether delivered independently or in combination. Concurrent delivery of mechanical and electrical stimulation resulted in a negligible change in mechanical (<2%) and electrical (<1%) values, compared to their independently delivered values. With this calibrated bioreactor, we can apply precise, controlled, reproducible mechanical and electrical stimulations, alone or in combination, to scaffold-free, tissue-engineered constructs as they develop.
Topics: Bioreactors; Cells, Cultured; Electric Stimulation; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 35244139
DOI: 10.1115/1.4054021