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Anesthesia and Analgesia May 2018Correlation in the broadest sense is a measure of an association between variables. In correlated data, the change in the magnitude of 1 variable is associated with a... (Review)
Review
Correlation in the broadest sense is a measure of an association between variables. In correlated data, the change in the magnitude of 1 variable is associated with a change in the magnitude of another variable, either in the same (positive correlation) or in the opposite (negative correlation) direction. Most often, the term correlation is used in the context of a linear relationship between 2 continuous variables and expressed as Pearson product-moment correlation. The Pearson correlation coefficient is typically used for jointly normally distributed data (data that follow a bivariate normal distribution). For nonnormally distributed continuous data, for ordinal data, or for data with relevant outliers, a Spearman rank correlation can be used as a measure of a monotonic association. Both correlation coefficients are scaled such that they range from -1 to +1, where 0 indicates that there is no linear or monotonic association, and the relationship gets stronger and ultimately approaches a straight line (Pearson correlation) or a constantly increasing or decreasing curve (Spearman correlation) as the coefficient approaches an absolute value of 1. Hypothesis tests and confidence intervals can be used to address the statistical significance of the results and to estimate the strength of the relationship in the population from which the data were sampled. The aim of this tutorial is to guide researchers and clinicians in the appropriate use and interpretation of correlation coefficients.
Topics: Correlation of Data; Data Collection; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Humans; Statistics, Nonparametric
PubMed: 29481436
DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864 -
Evidence-based Nursing Jul 2018
Topics: Data Collection; Focus Groups; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Nursing Methodology Research; Observation; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 29858278
DOI: 10.1136/eb-2018-102939 -
American Journal of Public Health Dec 2021The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a unique source of national data on the health and nutritional status of the US population, collecting...
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a unique source of national data on the health and nutritional status of the US population, collecting data through interviews, standard exams, and biospecimen collection. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, NHANES data collection was suspended, with more than a year gap in data collection. NHANES resumed operations in 2021 with the NHANES 2021-2022 survey, which will monitor the health and nutritional status of the nation while adding to the knowledge of COVID-19 in the US population. This article describes the reshaping of the NHANES program and, specifically, the planning of NHANES 2021-2022 for data collection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Details are provided on how NHANES transformed its participant recruitment and data collection plans at home and at the mobile examination center to safely collect data in a COVID-19 environment. The potential implications for data users are also discussed. (. 2021;111(12):2149-2156. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306517).
Topics: Adult; COVID-19; Communicable Disease Control; Data Collection; Female; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Surveys; Nutritional Status; Pandemics; Physical Examination; SARS-CoV-2; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 34878854
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2021.306517 -
Medical Teacher Sep 2019The qualitative research interview is an important data collection tool for a variety of methods used within the broad spectrum of medical education research. However,...
The qualitative research interview is an important data collection tool for a variety of methods used within the broad spectrum of medical education research. However, many medical teachers and life science researchers undergo a steep learning curve when they first encounter qualitative interviews, both in terms of new theory but also regarding new methods of inquiry and data collection. This article introduces the concept of qualitative research interviews for novice researchers within medical education, providing 12 tips for conducting qualitative research interviews.
Topics: Data Collection; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Qualitative Research; Research Design
PubMed: 30261797
DOI: 10.1080/0142159X.2018.1497149 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Mar 2021
Topics: Biomedical Research; Data Accuracy; Data Collection; Female; Gender Identity; Health Status Disparities; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Sex; Sex Characteristics; Sex Determination Analysis; Sex Distribution; Sex Factors
PubMed: 33741563
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n735 -
Medical Teacher Nov 2014Qualitative research methodology has become an established part of the medical education research field. A very popular data-collection technique used in qualitative...
Qualitative research methodology has become an established part of the medical education research field. A very popular data-collection technique used in qualitative research is the "focus group". Focus groups in this Guide are defined as "… group discussions organized to explore a specific set of issues … The group is focused in the sense that it involves some kind of collective activity … crucially, focus groups are distinguished from the broader category of group interview by the explicit use of the group interaction as research data" (Kitzinger 1994, p. 103). This Guide has been designed to provide people who are interested in using focus groups with the information and tools to organize, conduct, analyze and publish sound focus group research within a broader understanding of the background and theoretical grounding of the focus group method. The Guide is organized as follows: Firstly, to describe the evolution of the focus group in the social sciences research domain. Secondly, to describe the paradigmatic fit of focus groups within qualitative research approaches in the field of medical education. After defining, the nature of focus groups and when, and when not, to use them, the Guide takes on a more practical approach, taking the reader through the various steps that need to be taken in conducting effective focus group research. Finally, the Guide finishes with practical hints towards writing up a focus group study for publication.
Topics: Data Collection; Education, Medical; Focus Groups; Group Processes; Humans; Qualitative Research; Research Design; Sample Size
PubMed: 25072306
DOI: 10.3109/0142159X.2014.917165 -
Journal of the American Medical... Mar 2021
Topics: Data Collection; Electronic Health Records; Health Records, Personal; Humans; Machine Learning; Natural Language Processing; Patient Access to Records; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33677514
DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocab040 -
Acta Crystallographica. Section D,... Feb 2019
Topics: Animals; Crystallography, X-Ray; Data Collection; Datasets as Topic; Electrons; Humans; Protein Conformation; Proteins; Software
PubMed: 30821700
DOI: 10.1107/S2059798319002870 -
Nursing Standard (Royal College of... Apr 2015Mixed methods research involves the use of qualitative and quantitative data in a single research project. It represents an alternative methodological approach,... (Review)
Review
Mixed methods research involves the use of qualitative and quantitative data in a single research project. It represents an alternative methodological approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research approaches, which enables nurse researchers to explore complex phenomena in detail. This article provides a practical overview of mixed methods research and its application in nursing, to guide the novice researcher considering a mixed methods research project.
Topics: Data Collection; Humans; Research Design; United Kingdom
PubMed: 25850508
DOI: 10.7748/ns.29.32.41.e8858 -
NASN School Nurse (Print) May 2019School nurses collect, manage, and report on school health data, which is covered by student privacy laws. School nurses and other district employees who collect and...
School nurses collect, manage, and report on school health data, which is covered by student privacy laws. School nurses and other district employees who collect and manage sensitive data must understand their responsibilities throughout the data life cycle. Nurses must identify who is accountable for data governance in their school and the process for influencing data governance policies and procedures. Every school district is accountable for the integrity and the security of the data it collects about students, families, and staff. Data governance encompasses all decisions about data throughout the data life cycle from defining what data are needed, to collecting, storing, protecting, using, sharing, and retiring and destroying data and who is accountable for those decisions. The data governance in schools is prescribed by the U.S. Department of Education, state education departments, and local school districts. The Student Privacy Policy Office at the U.S. Department of Education publishes clear and precise guidance on the treatment of data collected in schools.
Topics: Child; Computer Security; Confidentiality; Data Collection; Humans; School Nursing; Schools; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States
PubMed: 30935311
DOI: 10.1177/1942602X19838798