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Annual Review of Psychology Jan 2015A revolution in the science of emotion has emerged in recent decades, with the potential to create a paradigm shift in decision theories. The research reveals that... (Review)
Review
A revolution in the science of emotion has emerged in recent decades, with the potential to create a paradigm shift in decision theories. The research reveals that emotions constitute potent, pervasive, predictable, sometimes harmful and sometimes beneficial drivers of decision making. Across different domains, important regularities appear in the mechanisms through which emotions influence judgments and choices. We organize and analyze what has been learned from the past 35 years of work on emotion and decision making. In so doing, we propose the emotion-imbued choice model, which accounts for inputs from traditional rational choice theory and from newer emotion research, synthesizing scientific models.
Topics: Decision Making; Emotions; Humans; Models, Psychological
PubMed: 25251484
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115043 -
Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 2022Shared decision making is a means of translating evidence into practice and facilitating patient-centred care by helping patients to become more active in the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Shared decision making is a means of translating evidence into practice and facilitating patient-centred care by helping patients to become more active in the decision-making process. Shared decision making is a collaborative process that involves patients and clinicians making health-related decisions after discussing the available options; the benefits and harms of each option; and considering the patient's values, preferences, and personal circumstances.
METHODS
This paper describes what shared decision making is, why it is important, when it is appropriate, and key elements. We report on physical therapists' current use of and attitudes to shared decision making and explore factors that influence its uptake. Lastly, we examine what is needed to promote greater use of this approach.
RESULTS
Key elements in the shared decision making process are: identifying the problem that requires a decision; providing an explanation of the health problem, including, where appropriate, the natural history of the condition; discussing the available options and the potential benefits and harms of each option; eliciting the patient's values, preferences, and expectations; and assisting the patient to weigh up the options to reach an informed decision. When applied in practice, shared decision making has been found to improve patient-clinician communication; improve patients' accuracy of their expectations of intervention benefits and harms, involvement in decision-making, and feeling of being informed; and increase both patients' and clinicians' satisfaction with care.
CONCLUSION
Despite physical therapists' enthusiasm for shared decision making, uptake of this approach has been slow. Multi-level strategies and behaviour change are required to encourage and support the sustainable incorporation of shared decision making in practice.
Topics: Decision Making; Decision Making, Shared; Humans; Patient Participation; Patient-Centered Care; Physical Therapy Modalities
PubMed: 35063699
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2021.100382 -
Patient Education and Counseling Jul 2021Cooperation has emerged as a fundamental characteristic of human society, and many argue that this ability is the basis for the phenomenal development in our capability...
Cooperation has emerged as a fundamental characteristic of human society, and many argue that this ability is the basis for the phenomenal development in our capability as a species. When we focus our attention to the interactions that occur in healthcare, we inevitably notice power asymmetry due to unequal knowledge, experience, and status. However, as many have argued since the 1970s, there is an ethical imperative to respect the agency of individuals, offer information, collaborate, and support deliberation when difficult decisions arise. This process is particularly important when reasonable alternative courses of action exist and where the priorities and preferences of individuals would be expected to sway such decisions. This position article argues that this process, commonly described as shared decision making, involves work that is cognitive, emotional, and relational, and, particularly if people are ill, should have the underpinning goal of restoring autonomy. It covers the origin of the term and describes the core components; it describes how to do the cognitive, emotional, and relational work that is required, and offers a model to guide the process.
Topics: Communication; Decision Making; Decision Making, Shared; Emotions; Humans
PubMed: 33353840
DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.11.032 -
Annual Review of Psychology Jan 2020The science of judgment and decision making involves three interrelated forms of research: analysis of the decisions people face, description of their natural responses,... (Review)
Review
The science of judgment and decision making involves three interrelated forms of research: analysis of the decisions people face, description of their natural responses, and interventions meant to help them do better. After briefly introducing the field's intellectual foundations, we review recent basic research into the three core elements of decision making: judgment, or how people predict the outcomes that will follow possible choices; preference, or how people weigh those outcomes; and choice, or how people combine judgments and preferences to reach a decision. We then review research into two potential sources of behavioral heterogeneity: individual differences in decision-making competence and developmental changes across the life span. Next, we illustrate applications intended to improve individual and organizational decision making in health, public policy, intelligence analysis, and risk management. We emphasize the potential value of coupling analytical and behavioral research and having basic and applied research inform one another.
Topics: Decision Making; Human Development; Humans; Individuality; Judgment
PubMed: 31337275
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050747 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews May 2020The scientific study of animal affect (emotion) is an area of growing interest. Whilst research on mechanism and causation has predominated, the study of function is... (Review)
Review
The scientific study of animal affect (emotion) is an area of growing interest. Whilst research on mechanism and causation has predominated, the study of function is less advanced. This is not due to a lack of hypotheses; in both humans and animals, affective states are frequently proposed to play a pivotal role in coordinating adaptive responses and decisions. However, exactly how they might do this (what processes might implement this function) is often left rather vague. Here we propose a framework for integrating animal affect and decision-making that is couched in modern decision theory and employs an operational definition that aligns with dimensional concepts of core affect and renders animal affect empirically tractable. We develop a model of how core affect, including short-term (emotion-like) and longer-term (mood-like) states, influence decision-making via processes that we label affective options, affective predictions, and affective outcomes and which correspond to similar concepts in schema of the links between human emotion and decision-making. Our framework is generalisable across species and generates questions for future research.
Topics: Affect; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Decision Making; Models, Biological
PubMed: 31991192
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.025 -
Therapeutische Umschau. Revue... 2022
Topics: Decision Making; Decision Making, Shared; Humans; Patient Participation
PubMed: 36164736
DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930/a001374 -
Patient Education and Counseling Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Decision Making, Shared; Decision Making; Physician-Patient Relations; Patient Participation
PubMed: 38508885
DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2024.108249 -
Topics in Cognitive Science Jan 2022Humans make decisions in dynamic environments (increasingly complex, highly uncertain, and changing situations) by searching for potential alternatives sequentially over...
Humans make decisions in dynamic environments (increasingly complex, highly uncertain, and changing situations) by searching for potential alternatives sequentially over time, to determine the best option at a precise moment. Surprisingly, the field of behavioral decision making has little to offer in terms of theoretical principles and practical guidelines on how people make decisions in dynamic situations. My research program aims to fill in this gap by developing theoretical understandings of decision processes as well as practical demonstrations of how these theoretical developments can improve human dynamic decision making. Throughout my research career, I have helped create, test, and improve a general theory of dynamic decision making, instance-based learning theory, IBLT. The methods I have used to contribute to IBLT are (1) laboratory experiments that rely on dynamic games in which humans make choices over time and space, individually and in teams, and from which we extrapolate robust phenomena and behavioral insights; and (2) computational, actionable cognitive models, which specify the decision-making process and the cognitive mechanisms involved into a computational algorithm. The combination of these methods spawned novel applications in areas such as cybersecurity, phishing, climate change, and human-machine interactions. In this paper, I will take you through my own intellectual exploratory experience of computational modeling of human decision processes, and how the integration of experimental work and cognitive modeling helped in discovering and uncovering the field of dynamic decision making.
Topics: Decision Making; Humans; Learning; Uncertainty
PubMed: 34767300
DOI: 10.1111/tops.12581 -
The Journal of Clinical Ethics 2020Shared decision making (SDM) is the state of the art for clinicians' communication with patients and surrogate decision makers. SDM involves give and take, in which all... (Review)
Review
Shared decision making (SDM) is the state of the art for clinicians' communication with patients and surrogate decision makers. SDM involves give and take, in which all parties interact to maximize the autonomy of patients. In this article I summarize the core steps of SDM and explore ways to use it to benefit patients to the greatest extent. I review three articles included in this issue of The Journal of Clinical Ethics that highlight additional approaches we can use to help patients and parents to see what may be in their own or their child's best interest. I describe how these approaches can be used in most other medical fields. I explore ways to share information with patients that are outside the usual scope of SDM. Finally, I discuss how we might look, together with patients, at what all parties are feeling before we begin the process of SDM.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Communication; Decision Making; Decision Making, Shared; Humans; Parents; Patient Participation; Patient-Centered Care; Physician-Patient Relations
PubMed: 33259335
DOI: No ID Found -
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Dec 2023Goals play a central role in human cognition. However, computational theories of learning and decision-making often take goals as given. Here, we review key empirical... (Review)
Review
Goals play a central role in human cognition. However, computational theories of learning and decision-making often take goals as given. Here, we review key empirical findings showing that goals shape the representations of inputs, responses, and outcomes, such that setting a goal crucially influences the central aspects of any learning process: states, actions, and rewards. We thus argue that studying goal selection is essential to advance our understanding of learning. By following existing literature in framing goal selection within a hierarchy of decision-making problems, we synthesize important findings on the principles underlying goal value attribution and exploration strategies. Ultimately, we propose that a goal-centric perspective will help develop more complete accounts of learning in both biological and artificial agents.
Topics: Humans; Goals; Reinforcement, Psychology; Decision Making; Motivation; Learning
PubMed: 37696690
DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.08.011