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Current Opinion in Neurobiology Oct 2016In the last few years, work in the nascent field of neuroeconomics has advanced understanding of the brain systems involved in value-based decision making. An important... (Review)
Review
In the last few years, work in the nascent field of neuroeconomics has advanced understanding of the brain systems involved in value-based decision making. An important modulator of valuation processes is the specific context a decision maker is facing during choice. Recently, neuroeconomics has made great progress in understanding, on both the brain and behavioral level, how context-dependent perception affects valuation and choice. Here we describe how context-sensitive value coding accounts for choice set effects, differential perceptions of gains and losses, and expectancy effects of external (economic) signals.
Topics: Choice Behavior; Decision Making; Humans; Perception
PubMed: 27393870
DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2016.06.015 -
Patient Education and Counseling Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Decision Making, Shared; Decision Making; Patient Participation
PubMed: 37087921
DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107766 -
The Journal of Thoracic and... Jun 2023
Topics: Humans; Decision Making, Shared; Thoracic Surgery; Lung Neoplasms; Decision Making; Thoracic Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 36572590
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.12.001 -
Science China. Life Sciences Jun 2021One of the hallmarks of human society is the ubiquitous interactions among individuals. Indeed, a significant portion of human daily routine decision making is socially... (Review)
Review
One of the hallmarks of human society is the ubiquitous interactions among individuals. Indeed, a significant portion of human daily routine decision making is socially related. Normative economic theory, namely game theory, has prescribed the canonical decision strategy when "rational" social agents have full information about the decision environment. In reality, however, social decision is often influenced by the trait and state parameters of selves and others. Therefore, understanding the cognitive and neural processes of inferring the decision parameters is pivotal for social decision making. Recently, both correlational and causal non-invasive neuroimaging studies have started to reveal the critical neural computations underlying social learning and decision-making, and highlighted the unique roles of "social" brain structures such as temporal-parietal junction (TPJ) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). Here we review recent advances in social decision neuroscience and maintain the focus on how the inference about others is dynamically acquired during social learning, as well as how the prosocial (altruistic) behavior results from orchestrated interactions of different brain regions specified under the social utility framework. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of combining computational decision theory with the identification of neural mechanisms that represent, evaluate and integrate value related social information and generate decision variables guiding behavioral output in the complex social environment.
Topics: Brain; Decision Making; Humans; Social Learning
PubMed: 33247803
DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1833-8 -
Pediatrics Sep 2023Despite apparent disagreement in the scholarly literature on standards of pediatric decision making, a recognition that similar norms underpin many of the dominant...
Despite apparent disagreement in the scholarly literature on standards of pediatric decision making, a recognition that similar norms underpin many of the dominant frameworks motivated a June 2022 symposium "Best Interests and Beyond: Standards of Decision Making in Pediatrics" in St Louis, MO. Over the course of this 3-day symposium, 17 expert scholars (see author list) deliberated on the question "In the context of US pediatric care, what moral precepts ought to guide parents and clinicians in medical decision making for children?" The symposium and subsequent discussion generated 6 consensus recommendations for pediatric decision making, constructed with the primary goals of accessibility, teachability, and feasibility for practicing clinicians, parents, and legal guardians. In this article, we summarize these recommendations, including their justification, limitations, and remaining concerns.
Topics: Child; Humans; Consensus; Decision Making; Parents; Dissent and Disputes; Morals
PubMed: 37555276
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-061832 -
Trends in Neurosciences May 2023Schizophrenia is a complex disorder that remains poorly understood, particularly at the systems level. In this opinion article we argue that the explore/exploit... (Review)
Review
Schizophrenia is a complex disorder that remains poorly understood, particularly at the systems level. In this opinion article we argue that the explore/exploit trade-off concept provides a holistic and ecologically valid framework to resolve some of the apparent paradoxes that have emerged within schizophrenia research. We review recent evidence suggesting that fundamental explore/exploit behaviors may be maladaptive in schizophrenia during physical, visual, and cognitive foraging. We also describe how theories from the broader optimal foraging literature, such as the marginal value theorem (MVT), could provide valuable insight into how aberrant processing of reward, context, and cost/effort evaluations interact to produce maladaptive responses.
Topics: Humans; Schizophrenia; Reward; Decision Making
PubMed: 36878821
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.02.001 -
Journal of Renal Care Sep 2021
Topics: Decision Making; Decision Making, Shared; Humans; Patient-Centered Care
PubMed: 34355856
DOI: 10.1111/jorc.12392 -
Medical Decision Making : An... Aug 2022
Topics: Choice Behavior; Decision Making; Decision Making, Shared; Humans
PubMed: 35819270
DOI: 10.1177/0272989X221109830 -
Experimental Psychology Mar 2017In this review we make a simple theoretical argument which is that for theory development, computational modeling, and general frameworks for understanding moral... (Review)
Review
In this review we make a simple theoretical argument which is that for theory development, computational modeling, and general frameworks for understanding moral psychology researchers should build on domain-general principles from reasoning, judgment, and decision-making research. Our approach is radical with respect to typical models that exist in moral psychology that tend to propose complex innate moral grammars and even evolutionarily guided moral principles. In support of our argument we show that by using a simple value-based decision model we can capture a range of core moral behaviors. Crucially, the argument we propose is that moral situations per se do not require anything specialized or different from other situations in which we have to make decisions, inferences, and judgments in order to figure out how to act.
Topics: Behavior; Decision Making; Humans; Judgment; Morals
PubMed: 28497724
DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000336 -
La Revue Du Praticien Sep 2023ETHICAL ISSUES. Shared decision-making is a decision-making model and a model of interaction between healthcare professionals and healthcare users. Putting together...
ETHICAL ISSUES. Shared decision-making is a decision-making model and a model of interaction between healthcare professionals and healthcare users. Putting together medical-scientific data, experience, values and preferences of the caregiver on the one hand, and knowledge, needs, expectations, values andpreferences of the patient on the other, leads, if both parties wish so, to a discussion followed by a decision based on a common agreement. Cancer area, either in screening or treatment, in the curative or palliative phase, is well suited to shared decision-making. Shared decision-making is based on ethical principles and classical philosophical streams. Autonomy principle is in the foreground but must not become "an ethical injunction". The relationship between caregiver and patient should recognize above all ability and willingness to participate, or not, in decision-making. Key issues are those of mutual listening, uncertainty recognition and the role of emotions as powerful ethical levers.
Topics: Humans; Decision Making; Uncertainty; Health Personnel; Physician-Patient Relations
PubMed: 37796253
DOI: No ID Found