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Journal of Complementary & Integrative... Jun 2022The tongue is an organ with multiple functions, from sucking to phonation, from swallowing to postural control and equilibrium. An incorrect position or mechanics of the...
OBJECTIVES
The tongue is an organ with multiple functions, from sucking to phonation, from swallowing to postural control and equilibrium. An incorrect position or mechanics of the tongue can causes sucking problems in the newborn or atypical swallowing in the adult, with repercussions on the position of the head and neck, up to influencing upright posture and other problems. Tongue dysfunctions are quite frequent (10-15%) in the population. For the manual therapist, this frequency indicates one to two subjects every 30 patients. Exercises have been proposed to improve the tone and strength of the swallowing muscles but the results are not so clear in the literature. The aim of this study is to describe and provide a tongue muscle normalization technique that helps the manual therapist in the treatment of problems related to it.
METHODS
The literature has been investigated through pubmed, Google scholar of the last 10 years, the keywords used and combined with the Boolean operators AND and OR, are: "tongue, tongue habits, tongue diseases, taste disorder, neck pain, posture, postural balance, atypical swallowing, muscle stretching exercise, tissue expansion, soft tissue therapy, osteopathic manipulative treatment".
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
The technique is possible to be executed even in a sitting position, in the case the patient is unable to assume a supine position, the subject should provides immediate feedback that allows the therapist to understand if the technique has been correctly executed. The simplicity of execution and application of the technique makes it a possible and immediate therapeutic tool in the clinical setting.
Topics: Adult; Deglutition; Head; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Posture; Tongue; Tongue Diseases
PubMed: 34364317
DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0101 -
Dysphagia Feb 2017Research using animal models has contributed significantly to realizing the goal of understanding dysfunction and improving the care of patients who suffer from... (Review)
Review
Research using animal models has contributed significantly to realizing the goal of understanding dysfunction and improving the care of patients who suffer from dysphagia. But why should other researchers and the clinicians who see patients day in and day out care about this work? Results from studies of animal models have the potential to change and grow how we think about dysphagia research and practice in general, well beyond applying specific results to human studies. Animal research provides two key contributions to our understanding of dysphagia. The first is a more complete characterization of the physiology of both normal and pathological swallow than is possible in human subjects. The second is suggesting of specific, physiological, targets for development and testing of treatment interventions to improve dysphagia outcomes.
Topics: Animals; Biomedical Research; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Disease Models, Animal; Humans
PubMed: 28132098
DOI: 10.1007/s00455-016-9778-7 -
CoDAS 2014To present recent studies that used the ultrasound in the fields of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, which evidence possibilities of the applicability of this... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To present recent studies that used the ultrasound in the fields of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, which evidence possibilities of the applicability of this technique in different subareas.
RESEARCH STRATEGY
A bibliographic research was carried out in the PubMed database, using the keywords "ultrasonic," "speech," "phonetics," "Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences," "voice," "deglutition," and "myofunctional therapy," comprising some areas of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology Sciences. The keywords "ultrasound," "ultrasonography," "swallow," "orofacial myofunctional therapy," and "orofacial myology" were also used in the search.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Studies in humans from the past 5 years were selected. In the preselection, duplicated studies, articles not fully available, and those that did not present direct relation between ultrasound and Speech Language Pathology and Audiology Sciences were discarded.
DATA ANALYSIS
The data were analyzed descriptively and classified subareas of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology Sciences. The following items were considered: purposes, participants, procedures, and results.
RESULTS
We selected 12 articles for ultrasound versus speech/phonetics subarea, 5 for ultrasound versus voice, 1 for ultrasound versus muscles of mastication, and 10 for ultrasound versus swallow. Studies relating "ultrasound" and "Speech Language Pathology and Audiology Sciences" in the past 5 years were not found.
CONCLUSION
Different studies on the use of ultrasound in Speech Language Pathology and Audiology Sciences were found. Each of them, according to its purpose, confirms new possibilities of the use of this instrument in the several subareas, aiming at a more accurate diagnosis and new evaluative and therapeutic possibilities.
Topics: Deglutition; Humans; Mastication; Speech-Language Pathology; Ultrasonography; Voice
PubMed: 25590916
DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20142013086 -
Journal of the History of Biology Dec 2023
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Journal of the Neurological Sciences Nov 2022This review aims to update the current knowledge on the cerebral control of swallowing. We review data from both animal and human studies spanning across the fields of... (Review)
Review
This review aims to update the current knowledge on the cerebral control of swallowing. We review data from both animal and human studies spanning across the fields of neuroanatomy, neurophysiology and neuroimaging to evaluate advancements in our understanding in the brain's role in swallowing. Studies have collectively shown that swallowing is mediated by multiple distinct cortical and subcortical regions and that lesions to these regions can result in dysphagia. These regions are functionally connected in separate groups within and between the two hemispheres. While hemispheric dominance for swallowing has been reported in most human studies, the laterality is inconsistent across individuals. Moreover, there is a shift in activation location and laterality between swallowing preparation and execution, although such activation changes are less well-defined than that for limb motor control. Finally, we discussed recent neurostimulation treatments that may be beneficial for dysphagia after brain injury through promoting the reorganization of the swallowing neural network.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional Laterality
PubMed: 36170765
DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120434 -
Annals of the New York Academy of... Dec 2020Swallowing complaints are common and may have significant consequences for nutrition and pulmonary health. Etiology varies and different aspects of the deglutitive... (Review)
Review
Swallowing complaints are common and may have significant consequences for nutrition and pulmonary health. Etiology varies and different aspects of the deglutitive system may be affected. A thorough assessment from the oral cavity to the stomach will provide physiologic information that enables specific targeted management plans to be devised. Although the swallow trajectory bridges anatomic areas, there has previously been a tendency to compartmentalize assessment and treatment by arbitrary anatomic boundaries. It is now clear that this approach fails to appreciate the complexity of swallow mechanics and that systems (oral, pharyngeal, esophageal, and pulmonary) are intertwined and codependent. Swallowing specialists from different backgrounds and with complementary skill sets form a multidisciplinary team that can provide insight and address multiple areas of management. With the advent of new tools for instrumental evaluation, such as manometry, targeted rehabilitative strategies can be informed by physiology, increased in precision and breadth, and assessed quantitatively. Surgical approaches have evolved toward endoscopic techniques, and food technology is expanding options in dietary management. The multidisciplinary team is core to managing this varied and often neglected patient population. This review is for clinicians treating swallowing disorders and will explore the selected aspects of the assessment and management of pharyngoesophageal swallowing disorders.
Topics: Deglutition; Esophageal Motility Disorders; Esophagus; Humans; Manometry; Oropharynx
PubMed: 32794195
DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14456 -
Journal of Parkinson's Disease 2023Swallowing impairment, including altered physiology and aspiration, occur across the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). The phase of respiration during which a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Swallowing impairment, including altered physiology and aspiration, occur across the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). The phase of respiration during which a swallow is initiated has been linked to swallowing impairment and aspiration in cohorts with dysphagia following stroke and head and neck cancer treatment, but has been understudied in PD. If similar findings are shown in individuals with PD, the implications for swallowing assessment and treatment are significant.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of literature was to examine respiratory-swallow coordination measures and potential implications on swallowing physiology in individuals with PD.
METHODS
An extensive search of 7 databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Central, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, Scopus, and CINAHL) with predetermined search terms was conducted. Inclusion criteria were individuals with PD and the use of objective evaluations of respiratory-swallow coordination.
RESULTS
Of the 13,760 articles identified, 11 met the inclusion criteria. This review supports the presence of atypical respiratory swallow patterning, respiratory pause duration and lung volume at swallow initiation in individuals with PD. The meta-analysis estimated an occurrence of 60% of non-expiration-expiration and 40% of expiration-expiration respiratory phase patterns surrounding swallowing.
CONCLUSION
Although this systematic review supports the occurrence of atypical respiratory-swallow coordination in individuals with PD, the evidence is limited by the variability in the methods of data acquisition, analysis, and reporting. Future research examining the impact of respiratory swallow coordination on swallowing impairment and airway protection using consistent, comparable, and reproducible methods and metrics in individuals with PD is warranted.
Topics: Humans; Parkinson Disease; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Respiration
PubMed: 37393516
DOI: 10.3233/JPD-230057 -
Dysphagia Oct 2017The 8-point Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) was introduced to the field of dysphagia in 1996 and has become the standard method used by both clinicians and... (Review)
Review
The 8-point Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) was introduced to the field of dysphagia in 1996 and has become the standard method used by both clinicians and researchers to describe and measure the severity of airway invasion during swallowing. In this article, we review the properties of the scale and explore what has been learned over 20 years of use regarding the construct validity, ordinality, intervality, score distribution, and sensitivity of the PAS to change. We propose that a categorical revision of the PAS into four levels of increasing physiological severity would be appropriate. The article concludes with a discussion of common errors made in the statistical analysis of the PAS, proposing that frequency distributions and ordinal logistic regression approaches are most appropriate given the properties of the scale. A hypothetical dataset is included to illustrate both the problems and strengths of different statistical approaches.
Topics: Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Humans; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 28534064
DOI: 10.1007/s00455-017-9809-z -
Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology :... Aug 2015This review of the central nervous control systems for voice and swallowing has suggested that the traditional concepts of a separation between cortical and limbic and... (Review)
Review
This review of the central nervous control systems for voice and swallowing has suggested that the traditional concepts of a separation between cortical and limbic and brain stem control should be refined and be more integrative. For voice production, a separation of the nonhuman vocalization system from the human learned voice production system has been posited based primarily on studies of nonhuman primates. However, recent humans studies of emotionally based vocalizations and human volitional voice production have shown more integration between these two systems than previously proposed. Recent human studies have shown that reflexive vocalization as well as learned voice production not involving speech involve a common integrative system. However, recent studies of nonhuman primates have provided evidence that some cortical activity vocalization and cortical changes occur with training during vocal behavior. For swallowing, evidence from the macaque and functional brain imaging in humans indicates that the control for the pharyngeal phase of swallowing is not primarily under brain stem mechanisms as previously proposed. Studies suggest that the initiation and patterning of swallowing for the pharyngeal phase is also under active cortical control for both spontaneous as well as volitional swallowing in awake humans and nonhuman primates.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Deglutition; Humans; Laryngeal Muscles; Voice
PubMed: 26241238
DOI: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000186 -
Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Mar 2022
Topics: Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Humans
PubMed: 35123825
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.01.005