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Polish Journal of Microbiology Sep 2020Oligotrophic nitrifiers and denitrifiers play important roles in the removal of nitrogen from wastewater. Here, we studied the dominant bacterial populations of the...
Oligotrophic nitrifiers and denitrifiers play important roles in the removal of nitrogen from wastewater. Here, we studied the dominant bacterial populations of the sewage treatment ecosystem (STE) water from different processes and those of culture on oligotrophic heterotrophic nitrification (OHN) medium and oligotrophic aerobic denitrification (OAD) medium, using co-analysis of Illumina HiSeq DNA sequencing and traditional culture methods. The results showed that the STE water had no dominant population of oligotrophic nitrifiers or oligotrophic denitrifiers. However, after culturing on OHN medium and OAD medium, the core genera , and that have the nitrogen removal capacity in oligotrophic environments, dominated in the bacterial community. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the bacterial community in the constructed rapid infiltration (CRI) effluent water of STE had high similarity with those of cultures on OHN medium and OAD medium, which prompt the special purification role of nitrogen in the CRI system. The sodium alginate immobilized OAD bacteria strain NF4 was isolated from the CRI system, with total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of 43.3% in sterilized STE influent water, and 60.1% in OAD medium on day three. The immobilization significantly influenced the TN and nitrate removal efficiency in OAD medium ( < 0.05), but not in sterilized STE influent water ( > 0.05). This study would lay the foundation for resource discovery of oligotrophic heterotrophic nitrifiers and aerobic denitrifiers in STE and further functional application of them on the bioremediation of wastewater. Oligotrophic nitrifiers and denitrifiers play important roles in the removal of nitrogen from wastewater. Here, we studied the dominant bacterial populations of the sewage treatment ecosystem (STE) water from different processes and those of culture on oligotrophic heterotrophic nitrification (OHN) medium and oligotrophic aerobic denitrification (OAD) medium, using co-analysis of Illumina HiSeq DNA sequencing and traditional culture methods. The results showed that the STE water had no dominant population of oligotrophic nitrifiers or oligotrophic denitrifiers. However, after culturing on OHN medium and OAD medium, the core genera , and that have the nitrogen removal capacity in oligotrophic environments, dominated in the bacterial community. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the bacterial community in the constructed rapid infiltration (CRI) effluent water of STE had high similarity with those of cultures on OHN medium and OAD medium, which prompt the special purification role of nitrogen in the CRI system. The sodium alginate immobilized OAD bacteria strain NF4 was isolated from the CRI system, with total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of 43.3% in sterilized STE influent water, and 60.1% in OAD medium on day three. The immobilization significantly influenced the TN and nitrate removal efficiency in OAD medium ( < 0.05), but not in sterilized STE influent water ( > 0.05). This study would lay the foundation for resource discovery of oligotrophic heterotrophic nitrifiers and aerobic denitrifiers in STE and further functional application of them on the bioremediation of wastewater.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Delftia; Denitrification; Heterotrophic Processes; Microbiota; Nitrification; Sewage; Waste Disposal, Fluid
PubMed: 32189483
DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2020-013 -
Nutrients Oct 2022Preclinical studies have demonstrated that intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is associated with reduced lung development during the neonatal period and infancy....
Preclinical studies have demonstrated that intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is associated with reduced lung development during the neonatal period and infancy. Uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI), affecting approximately 10% of human pregnancies, is the most common cause of IUGR. This study investigated the effects of UPI on lung development and the intestinal microbiota and correlations in newborn rats with IUGR, using bilateral uterine artery ligation to induce UPI. Maternal fecal samples were collected on postnatal day 0. On postnatal days 0 and 7, lung and intestinal microbiota samples were collected from the left lung and the lower gastrointestinal tract. The right lung was harvested for histological assessment and Western blot analysis. Results showed that UPI through bilateral uterine artery ligation did not alter the maternal gut microbiota. IUGR impaired lung development and angiogenesis in newborn rats. Moreover, on postnatal day 0, the presence of and in the lungs and and in the gastrointestinal tract was negatively correlated with lung development. in the lungs and and in the gastrointestinal tract were negatively correlated with lung development on day 7. UPI may have regulated lung development and angiogenesis through the modulation of the newborn rats' intestinal and lung microbiota.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Animals; Rats; Placental Insufficiency; Animals, Newborn; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Fetal Growth Retardation; Lung; Microbiota
PubMed: 36297072
DOI: 10.3390/nu14204388 -
BMC Cancer Oct 2022Microbiome dysbiosis is an important contributing factor in tumor development and thus may be a risk predictor for human malignancies. In the United States, women with...
BACKGROUNDS
Microbiome dysbiosis is an important contributing factor in tumor development and thus may be a risk predictor for human malignancies. In the United States, women with Hispanic/Latina (HIS) and African American (AA) background have a higher incidence of cervical cancer and poorer outcomes than Caucasian American (CA) women.
METHODS
Here, we assessed the distribution pattern of microbiota in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions obtained from HIS (n = 12), AA (n = 12), and CA (n = 12) women, who were screened for CC risk assessment. We employed a 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach adapted from the NIH-Human Microbiome Project to identify the microbial niche in all CIN lesions (n = 36).
RESULTS
We detected an appreciably decreased abundance of beneficial Lactobacillus in the CIN lesions of the AA and HIS women compared to the CA women. Differential abundance of potentially pathogenic Prevotella, Delftia, Gardnerella, and Fastidiosipila was also evident among the various racial groups. An increased abundance of Micrococcus was also evident in AA and HIS women compared to the CA women. The detection level of Rhizobium was higher among the AA ad CA women compared to the HIS women. In addition to the top 10 microbes, a unique niche of 27 microbes was identified exclusively in women with a histopathological diagnosis of CIN. Among these microbes, a group of 8 microbiota; Rubellimicrobium, Podobacter, Brevibacterium, Paracoccus, Atopobium, Brevundimonous, Comamonous, and Novospingobium was detected only in the CIN lesions obtained from AA and CA women.
CONCLUSIONS
Microbial dysbiosis in the cervical epithelium represented by an increased ratio of potentially pathogenic to beneficial microbes may be associated with increased CC risk disparities. Developing a race-specific reliable panel of microbial markers could be beneficial for CC risk assessment, disease prevention, and/or therapeutic guidance.
Topics: Female; Humans; Papillomaviridae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Papillomavirus Infections; Dysbiosis; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Microbiota; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
PubMed: 36258167
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10112-6 -
Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT Jul 2023In recent years, chromium (Cr) has been found to induce neurotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of...
In recent years, chromium (Cr) has been found to induce neurotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chromium exposure on the metabolome and microbiome that may contribute to neurotoxicity in juvenile zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 1 mg/L Cr (III) and 1 mg/L Cr (VI) for 7 days, respectively. Swimming distance and locomotor behavior was decreased, and acetylcholinesterase activity was reduced in Cr-exposed groups. Total cholesterol levels were decreased in Cr-exposed groups. The differential-expressed metabolites due to Cr exposure were mainly enriched in primary bile acid biosynthesis, which indicated that Cr exposure may promote cholesterol conversion. The abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased and the abundance of Actinomycetes increased in Cr-exposed groups, as compared with that in the control group. At the genus level, the abundance of Acinetobacter, Acidophorax, Mycobacterium, Aeromonas, Hydrophagophaga, and Brevundimonas increased, whereas Chryseobacterium, Pseudomonas, Delftia, and Ancylobacter decreased in the Cr-exposed groups. Analysis of the correlation between gut microbiota and bile acid metabolites showed that changes of gut microbial community due to Cr exposure may be related to secondary bile acid metabolism. Collectively, chromium exposure may disturb cholesterol metabolism, including primary bile acid and microbiota-related secondary bile acid metabolism. This study provides potential mechanism of the effects of chromium on neurotoxicity based on modulation of metabolome and gut microbiota diversity, which needs further verification.
Topics: Animals; Zebrafish; Chromium; Acetylcholinesterase; Metabolome; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Bile Acids and Salts
PubMed: 36727205
DOI: 10.1002/jat.4440 -
Systematic and Applied Microbiology Nov 2019During long-term extra-terrestrial missions, food is limited and waste is generated. By recycling valuable nutrients from this waste via regenerative life support...
During long-term extra-terrestrial missions, food is limited and waste is generated. By recycling valuable nutrients from this waste via regenerative life support systems, food can be produced in space. Astronauts' urine can, for instance, be nitrified by micro-organisms into a liquid nitrate fertilizer for plant growth in space. Due to stringent conditions in space, microbial communities need to be be defined (gnotobiotic); therefore, synthetic rather than mixed microbial communities are preferred. For urine nitrification, synthetic communities face challenges, such as from salinity, ureolysis, and organics. In this study, a synthetic microbial community containing an AOB (Nitrosomonas europaea), NOB (Nitrobacter winogradskyi), and three ureolytic heterotrophs (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Acidovorax delafieldii, and Delftia acidovorans) was compiled and evaluated for these challenges. In reactor 1, salt adaptation of the ammonium-fed AOB and NOB co-culture was possible up to 45mScm, which resembled undiluted nitrified urine, while maintaining a 44±10mgNH-NLd removal rate. In reactor 2, the nitrifiers and ureolytic heterotrophs were fed with urine and achieved a 15±6mg NO-NLd production rate for 1% and 10% synthetic and fresh real urine, respectively. Batch activity tests with this community using fresh real urine even reached 29±3mgNLd. Organics removal in the reactor (69±15%) should be optimized to generate a nitrate fertilizer for future space applications.
Topics: Ammonia; Bioreactors; Comamonadaceae; Delftia acidovorans; Microbiota; Nitrification; Nitrites; Nitrobacter; Nitrosomonas europaea; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Urea; Urine; Waste Disposal, Fluid
PubMed: 31623889
DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2019.126021 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2016The studies on the biocontrol potential of pink pigmented facultative methylotrophic (PPFM) bacteria other than the genus are scarce. In the present study, we report...
The studies on the biocontrol potential of pink pigmented facultative methylotrophic (PPFM) bacteria other than the genus are scarce. In the present study, we report three facultative methylotrophic isolates; PPO-1, PPT-1, and PPB-1, respectively, identified as , and by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Hemolytic activity was tested to investigate the potential pathogenicity of isolates to plants and humans, the results indicates that the isolates PPO-1, PPT-1, and PPB-1 are not pathogenic strains. Under conditions, PPO-1, . PPT-1, and . PPB-1 showed direct antagonistic effect by inhibiting the mycelial growth of fungal pathogens; f. sp. (2.15, 2.05, and 1.95 cm), (2.14, 2.04, and 1.94 cm), (2.12, 2.02, and 1.92 cm), and (2.18, 2.08, and 1.98 cm) and also produced volatile inhibitory compounds. Under plant growth chamber condition methylotrophic bacterial isolates; . PPO-1, . PPT-1, and PPB-1 significantly reduced the disease incidence of tomato. Under greenhouse condition, . PPO-1, . PPT-1, and . PPB-1 inoculated tomato plants, when challenged with . f. sp. . . , and . , increased the pathogenesis related proteins (β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase) and defense enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase) on day 5 after inoculation. In the current study, we first report the facultative methylotrophy in pink pigmented . , and . and their antagonistic potential against fungal pathogens. Direct antagonistic and ISR effects of these isolates against fungal pathogens of tomato evidenced their possible use as a biocontrol agent.
PubMed: 27872630
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01626 -
Environmental Research Feb 2023Contamination of antibiotic resistomes due to animal carcass decay has become a serious environmental concern. However, the relationship between main metabolite...
Multi-omics methods reveal that putrescine and cadaverine cause different degrees of enrichment of high-risk resistomes and opportunistic pathogens in the water and sediment of the Yellow River.
Contamination of antibiotic resistomes due to animal carcass decay has become a serious environmental concern. However, the relationship between main metabolite compounds of corpse decomposition (i.e., putrescine and cadaverine) and antibiotic resistomes remains unclear. To tackle this issue, the response of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and microbiome in aquatic environment to excess putrescine, cadaverine and a mixture of both based on laboratory simulation experiment was investigated by high-throughput quantitative PCR and amplicon sequencing methods. Our results showed putrescine and cadaverine led to the increasing of TC (total carbon) and TN (total nitrogen) both in water and sediment. Under the exposure of putrescine and cadaverine, the total abundance of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and most ARGs in water was higher than in sediment. In particular, putrescine and cadaverine caused significantly different decreases in alpha diversity of microbial community in water and sediment compared with the control group. Microbial community structures both in water and sediment were also significantly affected by cadaverine and putrescine. Furthermore, putrescine and cadaverine led to different degrees of increases of high-risk ARGs (like mecA) and opportunistic pathogens (like Delftia) in sediment, promoting the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. In conclusion, our findings revealed the influences of main metabolites of carcass decay on microbiome and resistomes, providing references for risk assessment and pollution management.
Topics: Animals; Cadaverine; Putrescine; Genes, Bacterial; Water; Rivers; Multiomics; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36549489
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115069 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Over the last few decades, a growing body of evidence has suggested a role for various infectious agents in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Despite diverse...
BACKGROUND
Over the last few decades, a growing body of evidence has suggested a role for various infectious agents in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Despite diverse pathogens (virus, bacteria, fungi) being detected in AD subjects' brains, research has focused on individual pathogens and only a few studies investigated the hypothesis of a bacterial brain microbiome. We profiled the bacterial communities present in non-demented controls and AD subjects' brains.
RESULTS
We obtained postmortem samples from the brains of 32 individual subjects, comprising 16 AD and 16 control age-matched subjects with a total of 130 samples from the frontal and temporal lobes and the entorhinal cortex. We used full-length 16S rRNA gene amplification with Pacific Biosciences sequencing technology to identify bacteria. We detected bacteria in the brains of both cohorts with the principal bacteria comprising (formerly ) and two species each of and genera. We used a hierarchical Bayesian method to detect differences in relative abundance among AD and control groups. Because of large abundance variances, we also employed a new analysis approach based on the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm, used in computational linguistics. This allowed us to identify five sample classes, each revealing a different microbiota. Assuming that samples represented infections that began at different times, we ordered these classes in time, finding that the last class exclusively explained the existence or non-existence of AD.
CONCLUSIONS
The AD-related pathogenicity of the brain microbiome seems to be based on a complex polymicrobial dynamic. The time ordering revealed a rise and fall of the abundance of with pathogenicity occurring for an off-peak abundance level in association with at least one other bacterium from a set of genera that included , , , , and . may also be involved with outcompeting the species, which were strongly associated with non-demented brain microbiota, whose early destruction could be the first stage of disease. Our results are also consistent with a leaky blood-brain barrier or lymphatic network that allows bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other pathogens to enter the brain.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bayes Theorem; Microbiota; Bacteria; Propionibacterium acnes; Brain; Acne Vulgaris
PubMed: 37780846
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1123228 -
International Journal of Food... Jul 2020In the present work the microbial dynamics in wheat kernels were evaluated over time. The main aim of this research was to study the resistance of lactic acid bacteria...
In the present work the microbial dynamics in wheat kernels were evaluated over time. The main aim of this research was to study the resistance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts associated to unprocessed cereals used for bread making during long term conservation. To this purpose four Triticum durum Desf. genotypes including two modern varieties (Claudio and Simeto) and two Sicilian wheat landraces (Russello and Timilia) were analysed by a combined culture-independent and -dependent microbiological approach after one, two or three years from cultivation and threshing. DNA based MiSeq Illumina technology was applied to reveal the entire bacterial composition of all semolina samples. The samples showed a different distribution of bacterial taxa per variety and time of storage. The groups mostly represented were Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas, Erwinia, Delftia and Sphingomonas genera, Enterobacteriaceae and Oxalobacteriaceae families, and Actinobacteria phylum. Among LAB, only Enterococcus genus was detected barely in a single sample (Simeto stored for one year) by the next generation sequencing, indicating that LAB remained unassigned or their abundances were below 0.1% or their DNAs were rendered inaccessible. Plate counts showed consistent differences in relation to genotypes and duration of storage, with the highest levels found for total mesophilic microorganisms detected up 6.8 Log CFU/g. Colonies of presumptive sourdough LAB were detected only in a few samples. Cocci constituted the major group of LAB in almost all samples. Following the enrichment procedure, almost all samples were characterised by the presence of acidifying microorganisms. All isolates collected before and after enrichment represented 28 different strains belonging to 10 species of Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Pediococcus genera. The most resistant species during aging were Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus durans, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus paracasei demonstrating that lactobacilli and enterococci are able to overcome the stressing conditions represented by cereal storage better than other LAB genera commonly found associated to cereals after harvest. Yeast community included mostly species with no interest in bread making.
Topics: Bacteria; Bread; Edible Grain; Food Microbiology; Food Storage; Genotype; Microbiota; Time Factors; Triticum; Yeasts
PubMed: 32388172
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108631 -
Disease Markers 2021Clinical studies have shown that ankylosing spondylitis (AS) could be significantly improved by Governor Vessel moxibustion (GVM) therapy.
BACKGROUND
Clinical studies have shown that ankylosing spondylitis (AS) could be significantly improved by Governor Vessel moxibustion (GVM) therapy.
OBJECTIVE
Study whether GVM therapy alleviates the clinical symptoms of AS by modulating intestinal microbiota.
METHODS
A total of 9 AS patients and 9 paired healthy individuals were enrolled, and GVM therapy was provided to the AS patients. Stool, urine, and saliva samples from the healthy individuals and the AS patients before and after GVM therapy were collected, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed for microbiota analysis.
RESULTS
We found that GVM therapy can significantly alleviate the symptoms of AS, such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and bloating. GVM therapy also decreased the abundances of and while increasing the abundances of beneficial bacteria, such as , in the gut microbiota of the AS patients. The analyses for AS clinical data and microbial abundances in AS patients revealed their multiple significant correlations ( < 0.01); for example, an unclassified crystal was positively correlated with and , monocyte had a negative correlation with , and human leukocyte antigen-B27 was negatively correlated with , , and .
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, these findings demonstrate that GVM therapy can alleviate AS clinical symptoms, and at the same time, it improves the microbial structure of microbiota in AS patients. This trial is registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100051907.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adult; Diarrhea; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Middle Aged; Moxibustion; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Urine
PubMed: 34966466
DOI: 10.1155/2021/9370758