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The Journal of Dermatological Treatment Nov 2020Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) affects up to one-third of patients with psoriasis. It is the major comorbidity of psoriasis because of the likelihood that loss of function... (Review)
Review
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) affects up to one-third of patients with psoriasis. It is the major comorbidity of psoriasis because of the likelihood that loss of function and permanent disability will develop if initiation of treatment is delayed. Dermatologists are uniquely positioned to recognize early signs of PsA and be the first-line healthcare practitioners to detect PsA in patients with psoriasis. PsA can affect six clinical domains: peripheral arthritis, dactylitis, enthesitis, psoriasis, psoriatic nail disease, and axial disease. However, not every patient will have involvement of all domains and the domains affected can change over time. Complicating the diagnosis is the condition's similarity with other arthritic diseases and potential heterogeneity. In this article, we provide practical guidance for dermatologists for detecting PsA in patients with psoriasis. We also review the available treatment options by each clinical domain of PsA and give advice on how to interpret the results of PsA clinical trials. Through early recognition of PsA in patients with psoriasis and initiation of proper treatment, dermatologists can help to prevent PsA disease progression, irreversible joint damage, and resultant permanent disability, and improve quality of life.
Topics: Arthritis, Psoriatic; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Progression; Humans; Interleukin-17; Nail Diseases; Psoriasis; Quality of Life; Radiography; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors
PubMed: 31014154
DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1605142 -
Nutrients Oct 2019Increasing awareness of the impact of frailty on elderly people resulted in research focusing on factors that contribute to the development and persistence of frailty... (Review)
Review
Increasing awareness of the impact of frailty on elderly people resulted in research focusing on factors that contribute to the development and persistence of frailty including nutrition and physical activity. Most effort so far has been spent on understanding the association between protein intake and the physical domain of frailty. Far less is known for other domains of frailty: cognition, mood, social health and comorbidity. Therefore, in the present narrative review, we elaborate on the evidence currently known on the association between protein and exercise as well as the broader concept of frailty. Most, but not all, identified studies concluded that low protein intake is associated with a higher prevalence and incidence of physical frailty. Far less is known on the broader concept of frailty. The few studies that do look into this association find a clear beneficial effect of physical activity but no conclusions regarding protein intake can be made yet. Similar, for other important aspects of frailty including mood, cognition, and comorbidity, the number of studies are limited and results are inconclusive. Future studies need to focus on the relation between dietary protein and the broader concept of frailty and should also consider the protein source, amount and timing.
Topics: Affect; Aging; Cognition; Dietary Proteins; Exercise; Frailty; Health Status; Humans; Nutritional Requirements; Nutritional Status; Recommended Dietary Allowances
PubMed: 31597289
DOI: 10.3390/nu11102399 -
Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine Mar 2015This review focuses on sensory-perceptual and affective/emotional domains of dyspnea. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review focuses on sensory-perceptual and affective/emotional domains of dyspnea.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent studies have underscored the multidimensional aspect of dyspnea, which comprises three major dimensions: the sensory-perceptual domain, the affective distress, and the symptom impact or burden. Sensory-perceptual dimension includes ratings of dyspnea intensity and its quality, that is, 'how breathing feels like.' Affective distress addresses the question of 'how distressing breathing is' and focuses on the perception of immediate unpleasantness or the cognitive evaluative response about the potential consequence of what is perceived. Symptom impact evaluates how dyspnea impacts on functional ability/disability, health status, and/or quality of life.
SUMMARY
Dyspnea is a debilitating symptom and the major reason for seeking medical attention in patients with cardiorespiratory diseases. Dyspnea predicts morbidity, quality of life, and mortality in several different conditions. Notwithstanding sometimes patients neglect to report dyspnea to their clinician because they feel it is not sufficiently relevant to be documented. The relationship between what the patients feel, how they express themselves about the disease, and how caregivers interpret their complaints is complex and not easy to decipher. It is important to correctly recognize dyspnea, and optimize and individualize its clinical management.
Topics: Dyspnea; Emotions; Health Status; Humans; Quality of Life
PubMed: 25575368
DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000134 -
Journal of Animal Science Jun 2022Considering welfare through the "neonatal and nursery pig perspective" is an exciting approach and one that resonates with consumers. Overlaying this with the Five... (Review)
Review
Considering welfare through the "neonatal and nursery pig perspective" is an exciting approach and one that resonates with consumers. Overlaying this with the Five Domains Model, as we suggest in this review, points to practical on-farm improvements that provide each pig the opportunity to experience positive mental states. The Five Domains Model is broken into physical and functional states, which include Domain 1: Nutrition, Domain 2: Physical Environment, Domain 3: Health, and Domain 4: Behavioral Interaction, and Domain 5: Mental State. The Five Domains Model can build on the breadth and depth of swine welfare science to highlight opportunities to improve welfare on-farm. In Domain 1, management of increasingly large litters is considered, with examples of sow vs. artificial rearing, colostrum quality and quantity, and creep feed management strategies. Efforts can result in positive mental states such as feeling full and content and the ability to experience the pleasure of drinking and food tastes and smells. Domain 2 considers space complexity and access to key resources, along with thermal and physical amenities, to promote feelings of physical comfort. Domain 3 considers pig health in three broads, yet inter-linking categories 1) congenital and hereditary health, 2) environmental pathogen load, and 3) colostrum quality and quantity, and its effect on the microbiome. Improvements can result in a pig that displays vitality and feels healthy. Domain 4 provides the pig opportunities to express its rich behavioral repertoire, specifically positive social interactions, play, and exploration. These efforts can result in pigs feeling calm, safe, comfortable, having companionship, engaged, interested, and rewarded. In conclusion, using the Five Domains Model can highlight numerous opportunities to improve current and future housing and management through the "neonatal and nursery pig perspective" with a focus on inducing positive mental states that can result in improved quality of life and welfare state.
Topics: Animal Welfare; Animals; Colostrum; Farms; Female; Pregnancy; Quality of Life; Swine
PubMed: 35536191
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac164 -
BMC Public Health Sep 2022This paper examines demographic differences in flourishing, defined as "complete well-being" and consisting of six domains: emotional health, physical health, purpose,...
This paper examines demographic differences in flourishing, defined as "complete well-being" and consisting of six domains: emotional health, physical health, purpose, character strengths, social connectedness, and financial security. Results are based on a random, cross-sectional sample of 2363 survey respondents drawn from employees of a large, national, self-insured employer based in the United States. We found that well-being across domains tends to increase with age, although there are some variations. Results are similar across most domains for men and women, although women score higher on character strengths, while men had higher scores on financial security. Racial and ethnic differences were striking. Black employees score higher than the reference group (White employees) on the emotional, purpose, and character strengths domains, but considerably lower on financial security. Hispanics also score lower on financial security (though not as low as Blacks), but higher than Whites on purpose, character strengths, and social connectedness. Asians reported higher well-being than Whites across all domains except purpose.
Topics: Asian People; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethnicity; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Male; Racial Groups; United States
PubMed: 36068553
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13769-7 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023Population demography across the globe shows an increasing trend in the aging population due to better healthcare, improved nutrition, advanced health-related... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Population demography across the globe shows an increasing trend in the aging population due to better healthcare, improved nutrition, advanced health-related technology, and decreased fertility rate. Despite these advancements, there remains a knowledge gap in understanding the association between active aging determinants and quality of life (QoL) among older adults, particularly within diverse cultural contexts, which has not been adequately explored in previous research. Therefore, understanding the association between active aging determinants and QoL can help policymakers plan early interventions or programs to assist future older adults in both aging actively and optimizing their quality of life (QoL), as these two factors have a bidirectional relationship.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to review evidence regarding the association between active aging and quality of life (QoL) among older adults and to determine the most widely used study designs and measurement instruments in studies conducted between 2000 and 2020.
METHODS
Relevant studies were identified by a systematic search of four electronic databases and cross-reference lists. Original studies examining the association between active aging and QoL in individuals aged 60 years or older were considered. The quality of the included studies and the direction and consistency of the association between active aging and QoL were assessed.
RESULTS
A total of 26 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Most studies reported a positive association between active aging and QoL among older adults. Active aging had a consistent association with various QoL domains including physical environment, health and social services, social environment, economic, personal, and behavioral determinants.
CONCLUSION
Active aging had a positive and consistent association with several QoL domains among older adults, backing the notion that the better the active aging determinants, the better the QoL among older adults. Considering the broader literature, it is necessary to facilitate and encourage the active participation of older adults in physical, social, and economic activities for the maintenance and/or improvement of QoL. Identifying other possible determinants and enhancing the methods to improve those determinants may help improve the QoL among older adults.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Quality of Life; Aging; Birth Rate; Databases, Factual; Early Intervention, Educational
PubMed: 37435519
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1193789 -
Population Studies Dec 2021advances research on fertility, mortality, family, migration, methods, policy, and beyond, yet it lacks a recent, rigorous review. We examine all papers published... (Review)
Review
advances research on fertility, mortality, family, migration, methods, policy, and beyond, yet it lacks a recent, rigorous review. We examine all papers published between 1947 and 2020 ( = 1,901) and their authors, using natural language processing, social network analysis, and mixed methods that combine unsupervised machine learning with qualitative coding. After providing a brief history, we map the evolution in authorship and papers towards shorter, multi-authored papers, also finding that females comprise 33.5 per cent of authorship across the period under study, with varied sex ratios across topics. Most papers examine fertility, mortality, and family, studying groups and change, but topics vary over time. Children are rarely studied, and research on women focuses on family planning, fertility decline, and unions, whereas key domains for research on men are migration, historical demography (war, famine), and employment. Research on Africa and Asia focuses on family planning, with work on fertility decline concentrated on North America and Europe, consistent with theories of demographic transition. Our resulting discussion identifies future directions for demographic research.
Topics: Birth Rate; Child; Demography; Developing Countries; Family Planning Services; Fertility; Humans; Mortality; Population Dynamics
PubMed: 34902285
DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.1996624 -
Journal of Community Psychology Apr 2022Mattering is defined as experiences of feeling valued and adding value in different domains of life: self, relationships, work, and community. Mattering is a construct...
Mattering is defined as experiences of feeling valued and adding value in different domains of life: self, relationships, work, and community. Mattering is a construct with great relevance across psychological and social issues. Research has suggested there may be value in understanding group differences in mattering. Following the recent validation of a scale which measures mattering across multiple domains of life (MIDLS), the present study analyzed a representative US sample to identify demographic group differences in domain-specific mattering. Despite the presence of few differences in Overall Mattering, significant differences were found among all domains and between groups for each demographic variable. Overall, high incomes, advanced degrees, and employment were most consistently associated with higher mattering across domains. In addition, individuals across demographic groups and domains were more likely to report adding value than feeling valued. Age, gender, ethnicity, and marital status correlations were found in certain domains. These results demonstrate the value of a multidimensional conception of mattering and provide initial insight into demographic differences in mattering in a United States, English-speaking sample.
Topics: Demography; Emotions; Humans; United States
PubMed: 34614237
DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22728 -
Work (Reading, Mass.) 2023Quality of life is currently one of the basic conceptual categories in many research disciplines. The authors of the present study are convinced that measurement of...
BACKGROUND
Quality of life is currently one of the basic conceptual categories in many research disciplines. The authors of the present study are convinced that measurement of quality of life in reference to people living on the poverty line deserves special attention.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to identify relationships between the quality of life and sociodemographic variables in low-income Wrocław residents.
METHODS
The research was conducted in Wrocław (Poland) and involved 1215 respondents aged 18-64 years, whose monthly gross income per capita in the household did not exceed 1043 PLN. The respondents' quality of life was assessed with the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire with additional questions on the respondents' social and demographic status.
RESULTS
The Wrocław residents most often assessed their quality of life as average or below average. They rated their health-related quality of life in the social domain as the highest, and in the physical domain as the lowest. Age, household size, stable source of income, savings, and indebtedness were significantly correlated with the quality of life of Wrocław residents under study. Among the respondents, statistically significant relationships between perceived health condition assessment and age, professional status, stable source of income, and debt were also identified.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the study indicate that public health programs and other activities related to quality of life management should be directed to individuals and social groups particularly threatened by low quality of life, i.e., people living on the income poverty line.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Quality of Life; Poverty; Income; Surveys and Questionnaires; Family Characteristics
PubMed: 36278380
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-211110 -
The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care... Jan 2022Patient-reported outcomes are important for understanding recovery after burn injury, benchmarking service delivery and measuring the impact of interventions....
Validation of PROMIS-29 domain scores among adult burn survivors: A National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research Burn Model System Study.
BACKGROUND
Patient-reported outcomes are important for understanding recovery after burn injury, benchmarking service delivery and measuring the impact of interventions. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-29 domains have been validated for use among diverse populations though not among burn survivors. The purpose of this study was to examine validity and reliability of PROMIS-29 scores in this population.
METHODS
The PROMIS-29 scores of physical function, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, ability to participate in social roles, and pain interference were evaluated for validity and reliability in adult burn survivors. Unidimensionality, floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency, and reliability were examined. Differential item functioning was used to examine bias with respect to demographic and injury characteristics. Correlations with measures of related constructs (Community Integration Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Post-Traumatic Stress Checklist-Civilian, and Veteran's Rand-12) and known-group differences were examined.
RESULTS
Eight hundred and seventy-six burn survivors with moderate to severe injury from 6 months to 20 years postburn provided responses on PROMIS-29 domains. Participants' ages ranged from 18 years to 93 years at time of assessment; mean years since injury was 3.4. All PROMIS domain scores showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.87-0.97). There was a large ceiling effect on ability to participate in social roles (39.7%) and physical function (43.3%). One-factor confirmatory factor analyses supported unidimensionality (all comparative fit indices >0.95). We found no statistically significant bias (differential item functioning). Reliability was high (>0.9) across trait levels for all domains except sleep, which reached moderate reliability (>0.85). All known-group differences by demographic and clinical characteristics were in the hypothesized direction and magnitude except burn size categories.
CONCLUSION
The results provide strong evidence for reliability and validity of PROMIS-29 domain scores among adult burn survivors. Reliability of the extreme scores could be increased and the ceiling effects reduced by administering PROMIS-43, which includes six items per domain, or by administering by computerized adaptive testing.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Diagnostic Test or Criteria, level III.
Topics: Burns; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Independent Living; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Physical Functional Performance; Psychometrics; Quality of Life; Rehabilitation Research; Reproducibility of Results; Research Design; Social Interaction; Surveys and Questionnaires; Survivors
PubMed: 34284470
DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000003365