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Macromolecular Bioscience Apr 2021Design of intelligent hybrid nanoparticles that can integrate diagnosis and therapy components plays an important role in the field of nanomedicine. Poly(amidoamine)... (Review)
Review
Design of intelligent hybrid nanoparticles that can integrate diagnosis and therapy components plays an important role in the field of nanomedicine. Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers possessing a unique architecture and tunable functional groups have been widely developed for various biomedical applications. Carbon dots (CDs) are considered as a promising fluorescence probe or drug delivery system due to their stable fluorescence property and excellent biocompatibility. The distinctive merits of PAMAM dendrimers and CDs are amenable for them to be constructed as perfect nanohybrids for different biomedical applications, in particular for cancer nanomedicine. Here, the recent advances in the construction of PAMAM dendrimer/CD nanohybrids for diverse biomedical applications, in particular for sensing and cancer theranostics are summarized. Finally, the future perspectives of the PAMAM dendrimer/CD nanohybrids are also briefly discussed.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Carbon; Dendrimers; Drug Delivery Systems; Fluorescence; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Therapy; Humans; Mice; Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; Nanotubes, Carbon; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms; Polyamines; Precision Medicine; Quantum Dots; Spectrometry, Fluorescence
PubMed: 33615730
DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100007 -
Biomacromolecules Sep 2015Dendrimers, as a type of artificially synthesized polymers, have been increasingly attracting attention in many research fields, including the material and medical... (Review)
Review
Dendrimers, as a type of artificially synthesized polymers, have been increasingly attracting attention in many research fields, including the material and medical sciences, due to their unique characteristics that include their highly branched and well-defined molecular architecture, multivalency and tunable chemical compositions. These advantages make dendrimers potential carriers for the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Herein, we review the recent advances in dendrimer research for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, with special focus on their applications as carriers for drug and gene delivery, as contrast agents, and as potential new drugs.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dendrimers; Drug Carriers; Humans
PubMed: 26310544
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00979 -
Current Pharmaceutical Design 2019Diabetes has turned out to be one of the biggest worldwide health and economic burdens, with its expanded predominance and high complexity proportion. The quantity of... (Review)
Review
Diabetes has turned out to be one of the biggest worldwide health and economic burdens, with its expanded predominance and high complexity proportion. The quantity of diabetic patients is expanding enormously around the world. Several reports have demonstrated the sharp increment in the sufferers. Stable and acceptable blood glucose control is fundamental to diminish diabetes-related complications. Consequently, ceaseless endeavors have been made in antidiabetic drugs, treatment strategies, and nanotechnology based products to accomplish better diabetes control. The nanocarriers pertaining hypoglycaemics provide improved diabetes management with minimum risk of associated side effects. Dendrimers have caught an incredible attention in the field of drug delivery and personalized medicines. Dendrimers are three-dimensional well-defined homogenous nanosized structures consisting tree-like branches. The present review highlights the different aspects of dendrimers including fabrication, surface engineering, toxicological profile as well as delivery of antidiabetic drugs for the effective cure of diabetes.
Topics: Dendrimers; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Nanotechnology
PubMed: 31333099
DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716125332 -
Drug Discovery Today Dec 2016Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIO NPs) bearing different appropriate surface modifications can be prepared using diverse physical and chemical methods. As an ideal... (Review)
Review
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIO NPs) bearing different appropriate surface modifications can be prepared using diverse physical and chemical methods. As an ideal macromolecule, dendrimers have attracted considerable attention because of their unique properties, including their three 3D architecture, monodispersity, highly branched macromolecular characteristics, and tunable terminal functionalities. These properties make dendrimers a powerful nanoplatform for the creation of functional organic and/or inorganic hybrid NPs, in particular dendrimer-based MIO NPs. Here, we report on recent advances in the preparation of dendrimer-based MIO NPs for different biomedical applications, such as magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, drug and gene delivery, and protein immobilization.
Topics: Animals; Dendrimers; Ferric Compounds; Ferrosoferric Oxide; Humans; Magnetic Phenomena; Metal Nanoparticles
PubMed: 27388223
DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.06.028 -
Bioconjugate Chemistry Jul 2015Dendrimers are three-dimensional macromolecular structures originating from a central core molecule and surrounded by successive addition of branching layers... (Review)
Review
Dendrimers are three-dimensional macromolecular structures originating from a central core molecule and surrounded by successive addition of branching layers (generation). These structures exhibit a high degree of molecular uniformity, narrow molecular weight distribution, tunable size and shape characteristics, as well as multivalency. Collectively, these physicochemical characteristics together with advancements in design of biodegradable backbones have conferred many applications to dendrimers in formulation science and nanopharmaceutical developments. These have included the use of dendrimers as pro-drugs and vehicles for solubilization, encapsulation, complexation, delivery, and site-specific targeting of small-molecule drugs, biopharmaceuticals, and contrast agents. We briefly review these advances, paying particular attention to attributes that make dendrimers versatile for drug formulation as well as challenging issues surrounding the future development of dendrimer-based medicines.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Dendrimers; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Tissue Engineering; Transfection; Virus Diseases; Viruses
PubMed: 25654320
DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00031 -
Tissue Barriers 2016Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers have been extensively investigated for oral delivery applications due to their ability to translocate across the gastrointestinal... (Review)
Review
Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers have been extensively investigated for oral delivery applications due to their ability to translocate across the gastrointestinal epithelium. In this Review, we highlight recent advances in the evaluation of PAMAM dendrimers as oral drug delivery carriers. Specifically, toxicity, mechanisms of transepithelial transport, models of the intestinal epithelial barrier including isolated human intestinal tissue model, detection of dendrimers, and surface modification are discussed. We also highlight evaluation of various PAMAM dendrimer-drug conjugates for their ability to transport across gastrointestinal epithelium for improved oral bioavailability. In addition, current challenges and future trends for clinical translation of PAMAM dendrimers as carriers for oral delivery are discussed.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Dendrimers; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Polyamines
PubMed: 27358755
DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2016.1173773 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Jan 2018New antibiotics are urgently needed to address multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Herein we report that second-generation (G2) peptide dendrimers bearing a fatty acid...
New antibiotics are urgently needed to address multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Herein we report that second-generation (G2) peptide dendrimers bearing a fatty acid chain at the dendrimer core efficiently kill Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, two of the most problematic MDR bacteria worldwide. Our most active dendrimer TNS18 is also active against Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Based on circular dichroism and molecular dynamics studies, we hypothesize that TNS18 adopts a hydrophobically collapsed conformation in water with the fatty acid chain backfolded onto the peptide dendrimer branches and that the dendrimer unfolds in contact with the membrane to expose its lipid chain and hydrophobic residues, thereby facilitating membrane disruption leading to rapid bacterial cell death. Dendrimer TNS18 shows promising in vivo activity against MDR clinical isolates of A. baumannii and Escherichia coli, suggesting that lipidated peptide dendrimers might become a new class of antibacterial agents.
Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dendrimers; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Lipids; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Conformation; Peptides; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 29206041
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11037 -
Biomaterials Advances Oct 2022Brain tumor represents the most lethal form of cancer with the highest mortality and morbidity rates irrespective of age and sex. Advancements in macromolecule-based... (Review)
Review
Brain tumor represents the most lethal form of cancer with the highest mortality and morbidity rates irrespective of age and sex. Advancements in macromolecule-based therapy (such as nucleic acids and peptides) have shown promising roles in the treatment of brain tumor where the phenomenon of severe toxicities due to the conventional chemotherapeutic agents can be circumvented. Despite its preclinical progress, successful targeting of these macromolecules across the blood-brain barrier without altering their physical and chemical characteristics is of great challenge. With the advent of nanotechnology, nowadays targeted delivery of therapeutics is being explored extensively and these macromolecules, including peptides and nucleic acids, have shown initial success in the treatment, where dendrimer has shown its potential for optimal delivery. Dendrimers are being favored as a mode of drug delivery due to their nano-spherical size and structure, high solubilization potential, multivalent surface, and high loading capacity, where biomolecule resembling characteristics of dendritic 3D structures has shown effective delivery of various therapeutic agents to the brain. Armed with targeting ligands to these dendrimers further expedite the transportation of these multifunctional shuttles specifically to the glioblastoma cells. Thus, a focus has been made in this review on therapeutic applications of dendrimer platforms in brain tumor treatment. The future development of dendrimers as a potential platform for nucleic acid and peptide delivery and its promising clinical application could provide effective and target-specific treatment against brain tumors.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Dendrimers; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Nucleic Acids; Peptides
PubMed: 36182834
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213118 -
Journal of Biomaterials Science.... 2016Worldwide, the cancer appeared as one of the most leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Among the various cancer types, brain tumors are most life threatening with... (Review)
Review
Worldwide, the cancer appeared as one of the most leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Among the various cancer types, brain tumors are most life threatening with low survival rate. Every year approximately 238,000 new cases of brain and other central nervous system tumors are diagnosed. The dendrimeric approaches have a huge potential for diagnosis and treatment of brain tumor with targeting abilities of molecular cargoes to the tumor sites and the efficiency of crossing the blood brain barrier and penetration to brain after systemic administration. The various generations of dendrimers have been designed as novel targeted drug delivery tools for new therapies including sustained drug release, gene therapy, and antiangiogenic activities. At present era, various types of dendrimers like PAMAM, PPI, and PLL dendrimers validated them as milestones for the treatment and diagnosis of brain tumor as well as other cancers. This review highlights the recent research, opportunities, advantages, and challenges involved in development of novel dendrimeric complex for the therapy of brain tumor.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Neoplasms; Dendrimers; Drug Carriers; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy
PubMed: 26928261
DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1133155 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2015To address current complex health problems, there has been an increasing demand for smart nanocarriers that could perform multiple complimentary biological tasks with... (Review)
Review
To address current complex health problems, there has been an increasing demand for smart nanocarriers that could perform multiple complimentary biological tasks with high efficacy. This has provoked the design of tailor made nanocarriers, and the scientific community has made tremendous effort in meeting daunting challenges associated with synthetically articulating multiple functions into a single scaffold. Branched and hyper-branched macromolecular architectures have offered opportunities in enabling carriers with capabilities including location, delivery, imaging etc. Development of simple and versatile synthetic methodologies for these nanomaterials has been the key in diversifying macromolecule based medical therapy and treatment. This review highlights the advancement from conventional "only one function" to multifunctional nanomedicine. It is achieved by synthetic elaboration of multivalent platforms in miktoarm polymers and dendrimers by physical encapsulation, covalent linking and combinations thereof.
Topics: Animals; Dendrimers; Drug Carriers; Humans; Molecular Structure; Nanomedicine; Nanostructures
PubMed: 26393546
DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916987